Daily Current Affairs Quiz31 July, 2025 National Affairs 1. U.S. Announces 25% Tariff on Indian Imports Context: On July 30, 2025, the U.S. President announced a 25% tariff on Indian imports effective August 1, 2025, citing high trade barriers and India’s continued energy and defence relations with Russia. The measure is linked to the proposed Russia Sanctions Act 2025. What Is the Announcement? Objectives Behind the Tariff Key Features of the Announcement Strategic and Economic Significance for India TH & BS 2. Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project on Chenab River Context: India has formally invited international tenders for the construction of the long-delayed 1,856 MW Sawalkote hydroelectric project on the Chenab River in Jammu & Kashmir, following its decision to keep the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan in abeyance. This marks a strategic shift in India’s use of its entitlements under the IWT, aimed at maximizing the utilisation of western river waters. Key Highlights: TOI 3. India Launches NASA–ISRO NISAR Satellite Context: India successfully launched the NASA–ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, on July 31, 2025, aboard the GSLV-F16 rocket. This marks the first collaborative Earth observation mission between ISRO and NASA and a major step in global climate and disaster monitoring. What is NISAR? Mission Objectives Technological Features Contributions by NASA and ISRO Agency Key Contributions NASA L-band radar, boom, reflector antenna, GPS, solid-state recorder, and telecom system ISRO S-band radar, satellite bus (I-3K), launch via GSLV-F16, solar arrays, data and ground systems TH 4. India-UAE Deepen Defence and Maritime Cooperation Context: India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have agreed to strengthen their bilateral defence partnership, especially in maritime security, during the 13th Joint Defence Cooperation Committee (JDCC) meeting held on Wednesday. The decision marks a significant step forward in aligning defence cooperation with the growing strategic and economic relationship between the two nations. Key Highlights: TH 5. Sanchar Mitra Scheme Launched to Promote Digital Awareness and Telecom Security Context: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has launched the Sanchar Mitra Scheme to engage India’s youth as active agents in promoting telecom awareness, digital safety, and responsible usage among communities across the country. Key Features of the Sanchar Mitra Scheme Capacity Building and Exposure Vision 6. Scheme for Women Cooperatives Context: The National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) is actively supporting women’s empowerment through targeted cooperative development schemes. Two flagship schemes—Swayamshakti Sahakar Yojna and Nandini Sahakar—are designed to promote sustainable livelihood and entrepreneurship among women cooperatives. Swayamshakti Sahakar Yojna Objective: Eligible Entities: Nandini Sahakar Scheme Focus:A women-centric framework for: Scope: Alignment: PIB Banking/Finance 1. Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 Context: The Ministry of Finance has notified the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025, bringing into force comprehensive changes across five key banking legislations to modernize governance, improve transparency, and enhance depositor safety. What Is the Act? A reform legislation amending multiple banking laws, including those governing: Objectives of the Act Key Features of the Amendment Act Redefinition of ‘Substantial Interest’ Cooperative Bank Governance Reform: Unclaimed Assets to IEPF: Audit Transparency and Autonomy: Rationalized Statutory Reporting: Significance for the Indian Banking Sector Mint 2. Indian Overseas Bank Reverts to Old Internet Banking Interface Context: Indian Overseas Bank (IOB), a public sector bank, has announced a temporary rollback to its old internet banking interface after technical failures disrupted customer access on its new platform. Key Highlights: Nature of the Problem Bank’s Response Significance BS 3. SEBI Tightens Surveillance Framework for Small-Cap Stocks Context: SEBI has introduced a revamped Enhanced Surveillance Mechanism (ESM) framework for small- and micro-cap companies, effective July 29, 2025. The move aims to curb speculative trading and protect retail investors amid overheated small-cap valuations. Key Highlights: BL 4. MSME Capacity Utilisation Improved in Q1 FY26: SIDBI Survey Context: The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) released the third edition of its “MSME Outlook Survey”, revealing a positive trend in capacity utilisation among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the first quarter of FY2025–26. Key Highlights: Business Sentiment and Confidence Index Sectoral Trends Capacity Utilisation Access to Finance Sales and Profitability Borrowing Costs and Monetary Policy Transmission Export Concerns About the Survey BS Agriculture 1. Tenant Farmers to Now Avail PMFBY and MSP Benefits Context: On July 30, 2025, the Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan announced in the Lok Sabha that tenant farmers can now avail benefits under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and Minimum Support Price (MSP) procurement if authorised by the landowner and permitted by the state government. Key Highlights: Price Stabilisation Fund Concerns BS 2. SusMafia Launches ‘Climate-Tech Opportunity Map’ to Accelerate Climate Innovation in India Context: In a bold move to catalyze India’s climate-tech startup ecosystem, Sustainability Mafia (SusMafia) — a nonprofit collective of over 100 climate-tech leaders — has unveiled the ‘Climate-Tech Opportunity Map’, identifying startup-ready challenges aimed at significantly reducing India’s carbon footprint. Key Highlights of the Climate-Tech Opportunity Map Objective and Scope Methodology for Selection Backed by SusVentures: BL 3. Drone-Based Seed Sowing in Waterlogged Paddy Fields Context: In a significant agricultural innovation, Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) has successfully demonstrated drone-assisted seed sowing in the waterlogged Pokkali paddy fields of Kumbalangi, with support from the World Bank. This breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges of mud and waterlogging in Kerala’s coastal paddy cultivation zones. Key Highlights of the Drone Sowing Initiative: Innovation in Action: Operational Efficiency: Use of Germinated Seeds: Significance Relief for Farmers: Technological Leap for Sustainable Rice Farming: Private Sector Innovation: BL 4. ICRISAT Launches AI-Powered Climate Advisory Services for Smallholder Farmers Context: In a landmark step to boost climate-resilient agriculture, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has launched an AI-driven initiative to deliver personalised and real-time agrometeorological advisories to smallholder farmers. The programme is backed by the Government of India’s Monsoon Mission III and involves collaboration with ICAR, CRIDA, ILRI, IITM, and the IMD. Key Features of the Initiative AI-Driven Climate Advisory System: Pilot Implementation in Maharashtra: Smart Delivery Platforms: Upgrade of iSAT Platform: Multi-Agency Partnership: Global