Daily Current Affairs Quiz12 & 13 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. Womaniya Initiative Source: PIB Context: The Womaniya initiative, launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, is a transformative feature of the Government e-Marketplace (GeM). It aims to bridge the gap between women-led micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and the massive procurement needs of the Indian government. THE GEPC (GeM) ADVANTAGE Womaniya acts as a digital storefront specifically for women entrepreneurs, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and artisans. It allows them to sell directly to Central and State Ministries, Departments, and PSUs. KEY ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES To support micro-entrepreneurs who may not have advanced IT departments, Womaniya simplifies the complex world of government bidding. CHALLENGES: THE “LAST MILE” BARRIERS While the platform is ready, the users often face non-technical hurdles: CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. Under which Ministry was the “Womaniya” initiative launched on the GeM platform? A) Ministry of Women and Child Development B) Ministry of Finance C) Ministry of Commerce & Industry D) Ministry of MSME Q2. What is the current mandated procurement target for women-led MSEs, and what has Womaniya achieved? A) Target 3%; Achievement 5.6% B) Target 5%; Achievement 10% C) Target 1%; Achievement 3% D) Target 10%; Achievement 15% Q3. Which feature of Womaniya is most critical for micro-entrepreneurs with limited cash flow? A) International Shipping B) Time-Bound Payments C) Premium Membership D) Television Advertising Q4. As per the latest data, how many women have been mobilized into SHGs in India? A) 1 Crore B) 5.5 Crore C) 10.05 Crore D) 25 Crore Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C 2. The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025 Context: The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025, marks a historic overhaul of India’s higher education governance. By consolidating the powers of the three major regulators into a single apex body, the Bill seeks to fulfill the “Light but Tight” regulatory vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. THE NEW REGULATORY ARCHITECTURE The Bill replaces the fragmented system managed by the UGC (General Education), AICTE (Technical Education), and NCTE (Teacher Education) with a single Commission. The Three Specialized Verticals The Commission operates through three distinct councils to ensure a separation of powers: CORE SHIFTS IN GOVERNANCE WHY THE OVERHAUL? CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. Which of the following existing bodies will be replaced by the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA)? A) SEBI, RBI, and IRDAI B) UGC, AICTE, and NCTE C) CSIR, ICAR, and ICMR D) UPSC, SSC, and NTA Q2. Which two sectors of education are EXEMPTED from the purview of the VBSA Bill, 2025? A) Engineering and Management B) Teacher Education and Vocational Training C) Legal and Medical Education D) Research and Agriculture Q3. Under the new Bill, which body holds the authority to allocate grants and funding to HEIs? A) The Regulatory Council B) The Standards Council C) The Ministry (Government) D) The Accreditation Council Q4. The “Separation of Funding” from the regulator is a recommendation of which policy? A) National Education Policy 1986 B) Right to Education Act 2009 C) National Education Policy 2020 D) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Answers: 1-B, 2-C, 3-C, 4-C 3. India Becomes World’s 3rd Largest Renewable Energy Power Source: HT Context: India has achieved a historic milestone in its energy transition, officially climbing to the 3rd position globally in installed renewable energy (RE) capacity. By surpassing Brazil, India now trails only behind China and the United States, cementing its status as a global green energy powerhouse. India Becomes World’s 3rd Largest Renewable Energy Power BACKGROUND CONCEPT Understanding India’s Energy Transition Goals CONCEPT BUILDER Composition of India’s Renewable Mix (as of March 31, 2026): New Climate Pledges (2031–2035 NDC Upgrade): MCQs (EXAM LEVEL – IMPROVISED) Q.1) Which of the following best describes the “Non-Fossil Fuel” installed capacity milestone achieved by India in June 2025? [1] India became the first country to reach 100% renewable energy generation. [2] Non-fossil sources contributed to over 50% of the actual electricity generated during the year. [3] Over 50% of India’s total power-producing infrastructure is now based on non-fossil sources. [4] India surpassed China to become the world’s largest renewable energy producer. Q.2) Consider the following components of India’s energy mix. Which of these is included in “Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity” but excluded from the “Renewable Energy Capacity” statistics provided by IRENA? [1] Large Hydropower [2] Biomass Energy [3] Nuclear Power [4] Off-shore Wind Energy Q.3) Regarding India’s updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for the 2031–2035 period, which statement is scientifically accurate? [1] India will completely stop the construction of coal-fired power plants by 2031. [2] The target for carbon sink creation has been set at 3.5 to 4 billion tonnes of $CO_2$ equivalent. [3] Emissions intensity will be reduced by 47% compared to 2025 levels. [4] Renewables must meet 100% of the peak electricity demand by 2035. Q.4) Despite having nearly 50% installed capacity from non-fossil sources, their share in actual electricity generation (FY 2025-26) was approximately 29.2%. What is the primary reason for this gap? [1] Most renewable energy plants were under maintenance during the year. [2] Export of renewable energy to neighboring countries like Nepal and Bhutan. [3] Intermittency of solar and wind energy and the higher capacity utilization factor of thermal power. [4] Lack of transmission lines to connect renewable clusters to the national grid. Q.5) India’s leap to the 3rd global rank in renewable capacity was facilitated by surpassing which country in 2026? [1] Germany [2] Brazil [3] Vietnam [4] Canada [ANSWERS] Q.1: [3] | Q.2: [3] | Q.3: [2] | Q.4: [3] | Q.5: [2] 4. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Source: TOI Context: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has recently made headlines by issuing a notice to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The notice concerns potential safety risks to users on the dating platform Gleeden, highlighting the Commission’s evolving role in protecting the “dignity and safety” of citizens in the digital age. FOUNDATION AND LEGAL STATUS The NHRC is not a constitutional

Daily Current Affairs Quiz11 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. ISRO Successfully Completes Second Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-02) Source: TH Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted the second Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-02) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR). This test is a critical component of the Gaganyaan mission, specifically designed to validate the systems that will bring Indian astronauts safely back to Earth. THE MISSION MECHANICS: SIMULATING RE-ENTRY The primary goal of the IADT is to test the Parachute-Based Deceleration System under real-world conditions. The Gaganyaan Project is India’s first human spaceflight program, designed to demonstrate the country’s capability to send humans into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and bring them back safely to Earth. CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. What was the primary objective of the Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-02)? A) To test the rocket’s propulsion system. B) To validate the parachute-based deceleration system for the Crew Module. C) To test the astronauts’ endurance in high-G environments. D) To launch a communication satellite into Low Earth Orbit. Q2. Which aircraft was used to lift the simulated Crew Module to the required altitude? A) C-17 Globemaster B) HAL Tejas C) IAF Chinook Helicopter D) ISRO GSLV Rocket Answers: 1-B, 2-C 2. The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) Context: The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) recently celebrated its 25th Foundation Day. Since its inception in 2001, it has functioned as the financial backbone for India’s tribal communities, bridging the gap between traditional livelihoods and modern entrepreneurship. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The NSTFDC is not a direct lender but an apex body that works through a network of partners to reach the most remote corners of the country. CORE MISSION: FROM LABOR TO OWNERSHIP The corporation’s primary objective is to provide concessional financial assistance—loans with interest rates significantly lower than market rates—to enable Scheduled Tribes (STs) to start income-generating activities. PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP By providing “Seed Capital,” the NSTFDC allows tribal entrepreneurs to bypass the need for heavy collateral that traditional banks often demand. Feature NSTFDC Loans Commercial Bank Loans Interest Rate Highly Concessional (Low) Market-linked (High) Target Audience Exclusively Scheduled Tribes General Public/Businesses Focus Socio-economic upliftment Profit-oriented Middlemen State Channelising Agencies Direct Branch Interaction KEY SCHEMES AT A GLANCE While the context focuses on the 25th anniversary, the NSTFDC manages several flagship programs: CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. The NSTFDC operates as a PSU under which Union Ministry? A) Ministry of Finance B) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment C) Ministry of Tribal Affairs D) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Q2. How does the NSTFDC primarily ensure that its financial aid reaches remote tribal areas? A) Through its own 50,000 local branches. B) Through State Channelising Agencies (SCAs) and Regional Banks. C) Through a direct-to-consumer mobile app only. D) Through the Post Office Savings Bank. Q3. Which of the following is a primary feature of NSTFDC financial assistance? A) High-interest personal loans. B) Concessional loans for income-generating activities. C) Equity investment in large-scale tribal mining corporations. D) Free distribution of cash with no repayment requirement. Q4. In which year was the NSTFDC established? A) 1991 B) 2001 C) 2011 D) 2015 Answers: 1-C, 2-B, 3-B, 4-B 3. The Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Act, 2026 Context: The Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Act, 2026, has officially become law following the President’s assent. This landmark legislation centralizes and harmonizes the administration of India’s primary internal security forces, moving away from the fragmented, force-specific regulations that existed for decades. UNIFIED ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Previously, forces like the BSF and CRPF operated under distinct legislative acts, leading to inconsistencies in service conditions and legal disputes. FIXING DEPUTATION QUOTAS One of the most significant aspects of the Act is the formalization of the role of Indian Police Service (IPS) officers within the CAPF hierarchy. By fixing these percentages in law, the government aims to end long-standing administrative and judicial debates. Rank Level Fixed IPS Deputation Quota Director General (DG) & Special DG 100% Additional Director General (ADG) Minimum 67% Inspector General (IG) 50% RULE-MAKING & OVERRIDING POWERS The Act grants the Central Government extensive powers to streamline the “command and control” structure of these forces. CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. The CAPF (General Administration) Act, 2026, applies to how many primary forces initially? A) Three B) Five C) Seven D) All State Police forces Q2. Under the new Act, what percentage of Director General (DG) posts in CAPFs are reserved for IPS officers on deputation? A) 50% B) 67% C) 75% D) 100% Q3. Which of the following ranks has a mandated minimum of 67% deputation quota for IPS officers? A) Inspector General (IG) B) Deputy Inspector General (DIG) C) Additional Director General (ADG) D) Commandant Q4. What happens if a previous court judgment contradicts a rule framed under this new Act? A) The court judgment remains supreme. B) The Act’s provisions prevail. C) The matter must be referred back to the Supreme Court. D) The rule is automatically void. Answers: 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-B Banking/Finance 1. RBI New Norms for Government NBFCs and the Upper Layer Source: ET Context: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued draft norms to refine the classification of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). The most significant change is the introduction of a clear asset threshold for the Upper Layer (NBFC-UL), which will fundamentally change how large government-owned financiers are regulated. THE ₹1 TRILLION THRESHOLD Previously, the classification into the Upper Layer involved a mix of quantitative and qualitative factors, leading to some ambiguity. THE “STICKY” REGULATION RULE To prevent companies from jumping in and out of strict regulations due to minor fluctuations in their balance sheets, the RBI has introduced a persistence rule: THE TATA SONS CONUNDRUM Despite the new clarity on asset size, the status of Tata Sons remains a gray area. INDUSTRY IMPACT: REGULATORY CERTAINTY Industry leaders generally view these changes as positive for long-term planning. CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. What is the

Daily Current Affairs Quiz10 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. NITI Aayog Report: “From Borrowers to Builders: Women and India’s Evolving Credit Market” Source: PIB Context: The “From Borrowers to Builders” report captures a transformative era where Indian women are pivoting from mere credit consumers to foundational enterprise creators. By bridging the gap between access and actual economic progression, India is unlocking a massive, resilient segment of its economy. THE EVOLUTION OF WOMEN’S CREDIT The shift highlighted in the report can be categorized into three distinct phases of financial maturity. 1. The Quantitative Leap (2017–2025) 2. The Qualitative Shift: “Micro-to-Macro” 3. Overcoming Structural Friction Despite the progress, 29 crore credit-eligible women remain unserved. The report identifies key “invisible” barriers: THE “WAY AHEAD” BLUEPRINT To move from the current 26% share to full economic parity, the report suggests a fundamental redesign of the credit ecosystem: Strategy Actionable Detail Expected Outcome Flow-Based Underwriting Using UPI and merchant data instead of physical collateral. Unlocks credit for nano-entrepreneurs who lack land/gold. Lifecycle-Bundling Bundling insurance and savings for women under 35. Builds long-term financial resilience for young families. Inclusive Design Voice-enabled and vernacular-first apps. Overcomes literacy barriers and builds “trust” in digital systems. Graduation Tracking Measuring “Success Stories” rather than just “Disbursement Amounts.” Shifts the goal from “getting a loan” to “growing a business.” CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. According to the report, what is the share of women in India’s total system credit as of 2025? A) 16% B) 19% C) 26% D) 36% Q2. Which northern state recorded the highest CAGR (59%) for women business borrowers? A) Uttar Pradesh B) Punjab C) Bihar D) Rajasthan Q3. The “Tarun Plus” category (related to the broader MUDRA context often linked with this growth) supports loans up to: A) ₹5 Lakh B) ₹10 Lakh C) ₹20 Lakh D) ₹50 Lakh Q4. What percentage of active microfinance borrowers have graduated to individual retail/commercial loans? A) 9% B) 19% C) 31% D) 45% Q5. The “Time Poverty” mentioned in the report primarily refers to: A) Lack of fast internet. B) Short loan repayment periods. C) Overlap of household responsibilities and unpaid care work. D) Delays in loan processing. ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS Question Answer Explanation Q1 C Women hold ₹76 lakh crore, which is 26% of the total ₹292 lakh crore system credit. Q2 C Bihar is leading the growth surge in the North, followed by UP. Q3 C As seen in PMMY updates, Tarun Plus caters to those scaling beyond ₹10L. Q4 B This “graduation” is a key indicator of moving from “Borrowers” to “Builders.” Q5 C Unpaid care work is a major barrier to women’s consistent engagement with formal finance. EXAM RELEVANCE Exam Focus Area Relevance Level UPSC CSE GS-3 (Inclusive Growth, Economy) / GS-2 (Women Empowerment) Critical RBI Grade B ESI (Social Justice, Financial Inclusion, Gender) Critical Banking / SSC Current Affairs (NITI Aayog Reports & Financial Stats) High 2. India’s First Quantum Reference Facility Source: TH Context: Andhra Pradesh is set to launch India’s first Quantum Reference Facility (QRF). Dedicated to the nation by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu on April 14, 2026, this facility marks a critical milestone in India’s National Quantum Mission. The project is a centerpiece of the Amaravati Quantum Valley program, aimed at making the state a global hub for deep-tech innovation. WHAT IS A QUANTUM REFERENCE FACILITY? Currently, India possesses quantum research labs, but it lacks a standardized “testing bed.” THE ECOSYSTEM AT SRM UNIVERSITY-AP The facility is located at SRM University-AP, which is becoming the operational heart of the Amaravati Quantum Valley. BACKGROUND CONCEPTS: Q&A FORMAT Q: What is the “Amaravati Quantum Valley” (AQV)? A: Inspired by “Silicon Valley,” AQV is a state government initiative to create a geographic cluster of quantum technology companies, research labs, and startups. By providing infrastructure like the Reference Facility, the government hopes to attract global tech giants to invest in Andhra Pradesh. Q: What is a “Testing Bed”? A: In engineering, a testing bed is a platform used to test a tool or a piece of software in a controlled environment. In quantum terms, it’s a stable quantum computer where new parts (like a new type of qubit controller) can be swapped in and out to see how they perform. CONCEPTUAL MCQs Q1. Where is India’s first Quantum Reference Facility being established? A) IIT Madras B) IISc Bengaluru C) SRM University-AP, Amaravati D) TIFR Mumbai E) ISRO Headquarters Q2. On which date is the facility scheduled to be dedicated to the nation? A) August 15 (Independence Day) B) January 26 (Republic Day) C) April 14 (World Quantum Day) D) October 2 (Gandhi Jayanti) E) June 21 (Yoga Day) Q3. The Planck Constant, which inspired the date of World Quantum Day, is central to which field of science? A) Classical Mechanics B) Thermodynamics C) Quantum Mechanics D) Organic Chemistry E) Macroeconomics Q4. What is the primary role of a “Reference Facility” in the quantum ecosystem? A) To act as a library for books on physics. B) To provide a standardized testing bed for verifying quantum components. C) To manufacture silicon chips for smartphones. D) To generate electricity for the city of Amaravati. E) To store old classical computers. Q5. The “Amaravati Quantum Valley” initiative is being spearheaded by which state government? A) Telangana B) Karnataka C) Tamil Nadu |D) Andhra Pradesh E) Maharashtra ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS Question Answer Explanation Q1 C SRM University-AP is the primary academic partner for this facility. Q2 C World Quantum Day aligns with the numerical representation of the Planck Constant. Q3 C The Planck Constant ($h$) relates the energy of a photon to its frequency. Q4 B It provides the “reference” baseline needed to calibrate new hardware. Q5 D AP is the first state to launch a dedicated state-level quantum program of this scale. EXAM RELEVANCE Exam Focus Area Relevance Level UPSC CSE GS-3 (Science & Tech – National Quantum Mission) Critical State PSCs Regional Tech Infrastructure (Andhra Pradesh) High 3. Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) Context: The 11th

Daily Current Affairs Quiz09 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. National Biodiversity Repositories Source: Press Information Bureau (PIB) Context: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has officially notified two premier scientific institutions—CMLRE, Kochi and ARI, Pune—as designated National Repositories under Section 39 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. This designation elevates these centers to the status of legal guardians for India’s newly discovered species and unique microbial life. THE NEW GUARDIANS OF BIODIVERSITY The addition of these two institutions expands India’s repository network to 20 members, filling critical gaps in deep-sea and microbial science. 1. Referral Centre Bhavasagara (CMLRE, Kochi) 2. MACS Microorganism & Fungal Collection (ARI, Pune) BACKGROUND CONCEPTS Q: What is a “Voucher Specimen”? A: A voucher specimen is a physical sample (like a dried plant, a preserved fish, or a microbial culture) that serves as the permanent record of a species. If a scientist 100 years from now doubts a discovery, they can go to the repository to inspect the original voucher specimen. Q: What is “Biopiracy”? A: Biopiracy occurs when researchers or organizations use biological resources (like a traditional medicinal plant or a unique deep-sea microbe) without official permission or without sharing the profits with the country or community where the resource originated. Q: What is the role of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)? A: Headquartered in Chennai, the NBA is a statutory body that regulates the access to biological resources in India. It ensures that the use of these resources follows the principles of the Nagoya Protocol (Access and Benefit Sharing). CONCEPTUAL MCQs Q1. Under which specific section of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, does the NBA notify National Repositories? A) Section 3 B) Section 12 C) Section 21 D) Section 39 E) Section 45 Q2. The newly notified repository in Kochi (CMLRE) is specialized in preserving life from which specific habitat? A) Himalayan Alpine regions B) Deep-Sea territories C) Desert ecosystems D) Freshwater wetlands E) Mangrove forests Q3. Why is the MACS collection at ARI, Pune, particularly important for the healthcare and industrial sectors? A) It holds the world’s largest collection of bird feathers. B) it specializes in anaerobic and extremophilic microorganisms used for bioactive compounds. C) It preserves ancient agricultural tools. D) It manages the national database of tiger populations. E) It focuses on the preservation of large mammals. Q4. What is the legal requirement for a researcher who discovers a “new taxon” in India? A) They must sell the specimen to a private collector. B) They must deposit a voucher specimen in a designated National Repository. C) They must keep the location of the discovery a secret. D) They must obtain a patent within 24 hours. E) They must move the specimen out of the country for testing. Q5. How many institutions currently form the National Repository network in India following the latest notification? A) 10 B) 15 C) 18 D) 20 E) 25 ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS Question Answer Explanation Q1 D Section 39 gives the legal mandate for managing biological resource custody. Q2 B CMLRE (Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology) is the nodal agency for deep-sea life. Q3 B Extremophiles often have unique enzymes that are highly valuable in drug discovery. Q4 B This ensures the discovery is verified and the physical evidence is preserved in safe custody. Q5 D The two new additions (ARI and CMLRE) brought the previous total of 18 up to 20. EXAM RELEVANCE Exam Focus Area Relevance Level UPSC CSE GS-3 (Environment, Biodiversity & Acts) Critical State PSCs Regional Scientific Institutions (Kochi/Pune) High SSC CGL General Science (Microbiology & Marine Life) Moderate 2. Gaganyaan: First Uncrewed Mission (HLVM3 G1/OM1) Source: The Hindu Context: ISRO Chairperson V. Narayanan announced that the launch date for the first uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (HLVM3 G1/OM1) will be released soon. While originally slated for the first quarter of 2026, the mission has seen minor delays as ISRO prioritizes rigorous testing to ensure the safety of the future crewed mission. THE GAGANYAAN ROADMAP India’s first Human Spaceflight Programme follows a multi-stage approach. ISRO plans to conduct three uncrewed missions before the final manned flight to test all systems in the harsh environment of space. KEY COMPONENTS OF THE MISSION 1. Human-Rated LVM3 (HLVM3) The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) is India’s heaviest rocket. For Gaganyaan, it is upgraded with an Emergency Escape System (CES) and specialized sensors to monitor every parameter affecting human life. 2. The Orbital Module This consists of two parts: BACKGROUND CONCEPTS: Q&A FORMAT Q: What is Vyommitra? A: Vyommitra is a female-looking “half-humanoid” robot developed by ISRO. She is designed to fly aboard the uncrewed missions to mimic human activity and monitor how spaceflight parameters (like microgravity and vibration) affect a human body. CONCEPTUAL MCQs Q1. What is the name of the heavy-lift launch vehicle being “Human-Rated” for the Gaganyaan mission? A) PSLV B) GSLV Mk II C) LVM3 D) SSLV E) Vikram-S Q2. The “Crew Escape System” (CES) is a safety mechanism designed to: A) Help astronauts walk on the moon. B) Pull the crew module away to safety in case of a launch failure on the pad or during flight. C) Store food and water for the journey. D) Control the satellite’s internet speed. E) Help the rocket land vertically like a SpaceX rocket. Q3. Which robot is scheduled to fly on the uncrewed Gaganyaan missions to simulate human presence? A) Pragyan B) Vyommitra C) Sophia D) Vikram E) Pushpak Q4. Where is the Gaganyaan Crew Module expected to land after its mission? A) On the surface of the Moon. B) On a specialized runway in Bengaluru. C) In the Indian Ocean (Splashdown). D) In the Thar Desert. E) It will not return to Earth. Q5. What is the primary purpose of the “Service Module” in the Gaganyaan spacecraft? A) To carry the astronauts. B) To provide propulsion, power, and thermal management to the Crew Module while in orbit. C) To act as a parachute during landing. D) To record videos for social media. E) To