Context: India is preparing to submit its next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for the 2035 horizon under the Paris Agreement. Experts emphasise the need for a clear, economy-wide transition plan to meet long-term net-zero goals while sustaining growth. About NDCs India’s Current NDC Targets Target Details Emissions Intensity Reduction Reduce CO₂ emissions per unit of GDP by 45% (2005–2030). Non-Fossil Power Capacity Achieve 50% of total installed capacity from non-fossil sources (solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, biomass) by 2030. Carbon Sink Expansion Add 2.5–3 Bt CO₂ through afforestation and agroforestry by 2030. LIFE Movement Promote low-carbon lifestyles and resource-efficient habits. Adaptation in Vulnerable Sectors Scale up climate-resilient investments in agriculture, water, coastal systems, Himalayan ecology, health, and disaster management. Climate Finance & Technology Mobilise domestic and international funds to expand renewables, adaptation, and indigenous climate technologies. Key Challenges Challenge Explanation Rising Absolute Emissions GDP growth offsets efficiency gains; peak emissions expected only ~2035. Coal Dependence Coal remains crucial for grid stability; rapid phase-down difficult without storage/CCS. Investment Needs ~$62 billion annually required through 2035 for renewables, storage, and grids. Technology Gaps Lack of commercially scalable long-duration storage, green hydrogen, CCS. Climate Finance Shortfall Global funding insufficient; India must self-finance major transition costs. Just Transition Pressures Coal-heavy states need worker retraining, economic diversification, and welfare support. Adaptation Lag Rising heatwaves, urban pollution, and extreme weather outpace adaptation efforts.

Source: TH Context: The NCBC recently recommended excluding 35 communities, mostly Muslim, from West Bengal’s Central OBC list, after reviewing inclusions made in 2014. Constitutional & Legal Basis Composition Functions Powers

Source: PIB Context: Overview Key Features

Source: TH Context: About the Guideline Key Features

Source: News on Air Context: About the IMO Council Formation & Role About the International Maritime Organization (IMO) History Aim Major Functions

Source: PIB Context: About WorldSkills Asia Competition History India’s Performance

Context: What is Bioremediation? Types of Bioremediation 1. In-situ Bioremediation (On-site) 2. Ex-situ Bioremediation (Off-site)

Context: UNESCO Executive Board Establishment & Headquarters Composition & Membership

Source: ET Context: Construction & Indigenous Content Historical Milestones

Source: TH Context: Project 17A Ship List Key Features