November 2025 Current Affairs Quiz PDF with Answers

Answer: E. Abundant uniform plains for sensor installation

The Himalayas are characterized by steep and rugged terrain, not uniform plains. All other options are real challenges mentioned in the topic.

Answer: C. Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023

Aadhaar Vision 2032 explicitly aims to align its privacy and data protection mechanisms with the DPDP Act, 2023.

Answer: C. October 31

The award is conferred annually on the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, which falls on October 31.

Answer: C. Visakhapatnam

MILAN 2026, along with IFR and IONS Conclave, will be hosted at Visakhapatnam under India’s MAHASAGAR vision.

Answer: B. Satellite integration

Satellites monitor glacier movement, snowmelt, and glacial lake levels in real time, forming a core part of Himalayan EWS.

Answer: B. Banks demanded a higher yield (~6.6%)

Market participants demanded a yield around 6.6%, which RBI found unacceptable and thus cancelled the auction.

Answer: D. FVTPL

RBI merged the HFT category into FVTPL, making all trading or fair-value-managed securities part of this category.

Answer: C. Inflation Expectations Survey of Households

The IESH collects inflation expectations from households across 19 cities and is a key input for monetary policy.

Answer: C. Chickpea and pigeonpea

These two pulse crops are the primary focus in the SMART-CROP initiative for climate resilience.

Answer: C. VYAS App Ecosystem

The census uses VYAS–NAV, VYAS–BHARAT, and VYAS–SUTRA apps for village validation, household enumeration, and supervision.

Answer: C – 6 months

The scheme is open from 1 November 2025 to 30 April 2026, which makes a total of six months for voluntary EPF enrolment.

Answer: D – 5 serious accidents or 10 deaths in 3 years

A 500-metre stretch is classified as a black spot when it reports ≥5 grievous accidents or ≥10 deaths within 3 years.

Answer: B – 48

India recorded its best-ever performance, winning 48 medals (13 Gold, 18 Silver, 17 Bronze).

Answer: C – 4

Kerala’s definition included food insecurity, lack of healthcare, housing issues, and absence of steady income.

Answer: E – 2025

During the 43rd UNESCO General Conference, Lucknow was declared a Creative City of Gastronomy in 2025.

Answer: C – Defence and secure communication

CMS-03 is India’s heaviest communication satellite, providing secure strategic communication, especially for defence and maritime sectors.

Answer: E – 102%

RBI reported that household liabilities doubled, rising by 102%, outpacing asset growth.

Answer: D – 40%

The draft framework states banks’ CME must not exceed 40% of Tier-1 capital, both solo and consolidated.

Answer: D – 46%

Urea is CO(NH₂)₂ containing 46% nitrogen, making it the most concentrated solid nitrogen fertiliser.

Answer: D – ₹5–12 lakh

The model treats timber as a “biological saving,” yielding ₹5–12 lakh over a long-term cycle of ~15 years.

Answer: B. Port modernization and maritime infrastructure

Sagarmala 2.0 is a ₹75,000-crore programme aimed at modernizing ports, improving efficiency, and making India a global maritime hub.

Answer: B. Maritime Development Fund

The complementary package includes MDF (₹25,000 crore), Shipbuilding Financial Assistance (₹20,000 crore), and Shipping Cluster Development (₹20,000 crore).

Answer: C. Cauvery

The study found Cd and Pb exceeding safety limits in several fish species in the Cauvery River, posing health risks.

Answer: C. Kerala

Pampadum Shola is Kerala’s smallest national park, located in Idukki district near the TN border.

Answer: D. Acacia mearnsii

Australian wattle (Acacia mearnsii) was removed because it depletes aquifers and suppresses native vegetation.

Answer: C. Cadmium & Lead

Cd and Pb accumulation can lead to carcinogenic, neurological, and kidney-related health issues.

Answer: C. Supporting rupee stability using forward contracts

A short dollar forward position means RBI sells dollars for future delivery to stabilise the rupee without depleting spot reserves.

Answer: C. 10%

SEBI now allows mutual funds to invest up to 10% of a scheme’s corpus in a single REIT issuer.

Answer: C. Frontier technologies like AI, IoT, drones

The roadmap emphasises AI, IoT, digital twins, drones, and bio-innovation for agricultural transformation by 2047.

Answer: C. PMFBY

Farmers under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana complained of extremely low payouts like ₹1, ₹3, ₹5, prompting an investigation.

Answer: C. India International Institute for Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM)

The Election Commission inaugurated IEVP 2025 at IIIDEM, which serves as India’s premier training institute for election management.

Answer: B. 57.7 GtCO₂e

The report highlights global emissions rose 2.3% in 2024, reaching an all-time high of 57.7 GtCO₂e.

Answer: D. India

India saw the largest absolute rise in emissions in 2024, despite having per-capita emissions below the global average.

Answer: B. Reducing reliance on the US dollar

CNH inclusion would diversify currency options, promote global trade, and support a multipolar financial system.

Answer: C. High-risk, high-impact R&D and deep-tech innovation

The RDI scheme provides long-term low/zero interest loans to high-TRL, deep-tech and strategic innovation projects.

Answer: C. Saudi Arabia

The Embassy of India in Riyadh conducted the third edition of Pravasi Parichay with the theme “Gita Mahotsav – A Musical.”

Answer: C. Risk management and data protection

Sebi aims to modernize three-decade-old norms to improve market resilience, reduce outages, and strengthen investor protection.

Answer: C. Malaysia

NPCI International and Razorpay Curlec signed an agreement during GFF 2025 to enable UPI payments for Indian travellers in Malaysia.

Answer: D. Costa Rica

APEDA enabled the first-ever export of 12 MT FRK from Chhattisgarh to Costa Rica, marking India’s global outreach in fortified foods.

Answer: D. 1:100

FRK grains are mixed with normal rice at a 1:100 ratio to ensure uniform micronutrient distribution.

Answer: C. COP of Truth

Brazil themed COP30 as the “COP of Truth” to highlight the real condition of the Amazon and push for concrete climate action rather than rhetoric.

Answer: C. Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF)

Brazil launched TFFF as an investment fund promoting forest preservation, with $1 billion committed by Brazil.

Answer: C. Understandability and transparency of LLMs

One of the seven core principles is interpretability and transparency of large language models (LLMs).

Answer: B. To directly measure detailed household income across India

It will be India’s first survey to directly measure incomes across all households, sectors, and social groups.

Answer: B. High refusal and sensitivity to income-related questions

95% respondents found income questions intrusive, especially taxes, bonuses, and asset details.

Answer: C. First to operate dual-frequency SAR (L-band + S-band)

NISAR is the world’s first Earth observation satellite using both L-band (NASA) and S-band (ISRO) SAR systems.

Answer: B. Yields remain high despite repo rate cuts

Even after a cumulative 100 bps rate cut, Indian 10-year yields have not dropped, affecting borrowing costs and market stability.

Answer: C. PMLA

The circular allows applications for restoration of assets attached by ED under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.

Answer: B. Climate-resilient agriculture

The partnership focuses on scaling climate-smart farming practices, risk reduction, and improved resilience.

Answer: C. Heritage rallies, dance/drama competitions, exhibitions

States and UTs conducted various cultural activities like heritage rallies, dance/drama competitions, exhibitions, and youth engagement programs.

Answer: C — Right to vote is statutory, but freedom of voting is a fundamental expression

The Centre clarified that the right to vote comes from statute, while freedom of voting is linked to Article 19(1)(a) freedom of expression.

Answer: B — Article 19(1)(a)

Petitioners said uncontested elections deny voters their right to express dissent through NOTA, violating freedom of speech/expression.

Answer: E — 5 out of 6

Food systems have breached five of the six planetary boundaries due to emissions, nutrient imbalance, and water stress.

Answer: B — Grain cultivation

Grain-focused farming is the largest contributor to N, P, and water use causing imbalance.

Answer: C — Survey Vessel Large

INS Ikshak is the third Survey Vessel Large (SVL) used for hydrographic surveys and HADR support.

Answer: C — It provides income security without eligibility filters

UBI is seen as a rights-based, unconditional income support for all citizens.

Answer: D — 33% to 40%

SEBI revised anchor book allocation from 33% → 40% to boost institutional participation.

Answer: B — Facilitate lending and borrowing of securities for short selling

SLB helps investors lend shares and enables short selling while ensuring guaranteed settlement.

Answer: B — Robotics

Robotics enables precision farming, autonomous machinery, and swarm robot systems.

Answer: E — 5 lakh

PRADAN supported 5 lakh rural households, highlighting significant progress in rural development.

Answer: B. To develop AI-powered data centres in space using solar energy

Project Suncatcher, launched by Google’s AI and Advanced Infrastructure Division, aims to deploy solar-powered AI data centres aboard satellites to utilize uninterrupted solar energy and reduce the environmental impact of Earth-based data centres.

Answer: C. Rural poverty reduction and women empowerment

Ethiopia is adopting India’s Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) to enhance rural livelihoods and empower women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs), financial inclusion, and skill development initiatives.

Answer: B. Welfare Protection vs. Market Efficiency

The Mamdani Model, inspired by Zohran Mamdani’s welfare policies, promotes a “Rawls–Pareto thermostat” approach — balancing compassionate welfare (Rawls) with economic efficiency (Pareto) for sustainable and equitable development.

Answer: C. Increase in private sector participation and digital inclusion

The FSA 2025 report highlights that India’s financial system has become more resilient, diversified, and inclusive due to strong digital infrastructure and growing private sector involvement, though SOFIs still play a significant role.

Answer: B. Ensure transparency through disclosure of Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO)

The IBBI proposed mandatory UBO disclosure to identify individuals with ultimate control or influence over bidding entities, preventing misuse of the IBC’s clean slate provision and enhancing transparency.

Answer: D. 26%

As per RBI norms, no shareholder can exercise more than 26% of voting rights in a private bank, even if ownership exceeds this limit. This ensures balanced control and prevents domination by a single investor.

Answer: C. Introduce borrower-based tools like DSTI and CCyB

The report suggests implementing borrower-based macroprudential tools such as Debt Service to Income (DSTI) limits and Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffers (CCyBs) to strengthen resilience against financial shocks.

Answer: C. Addressing land degradation across farm scales

The 2025 FAO report is titled “Addressing Land Degradation Across Landholding Scales,” emphasizing how soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and carbon loss undermine food production and climate resilience.

Answer: C. 20%

The report reveals that nearly 20% of the world’s cropland has declining productivity due to human-induced land degradation, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Answer: D. Top 1% of large farms

The FAO report highlights that the top 1% of large farms control over 70% of global farmland, contributing significantly to monocropping and land degradation but also possessing higher restoration resources.

Answer: B) Mobilize global finance to protect tropical forests

The TFFF is a global initiative aimed at mobilizing financial resources to protect tropical forests, curb carbon emissions, and support sustainable forest management.

Answer: B) 1896 Calcutta Congress Session by Rabindranath Tagore

Vande Mataram was first sung publicly at the 1896 Calcutta Congress Session by Rabindranath Tagore. It was originally written by Bankimchandra Chatterji in 1875 and symbolizes India’s unity and cultural pride.

Answer: C) Western Pacific near Guam

The 29th edition of the Quad’s Malabar Exercise (India, US, Japan, Australia) took place near Guam in the western Pacific, with INS Sahyadri representing India.

Answer: D) Digital Gold (e-Gold)

Digital gold products offered by private firms like MMTC-PAMP, SafeGold, and Augmont are not regulated by SEBI or RBI. They operate under general consumer laws, unlike SGBs, ETFs, or EGRs which are regulated.

Answer: B) Buying or selling of government securities

RBI conducts OMOs to manage liquidity by buying or selling government securities (G-secs). Purchases inject liquidity, while sales absorb it from the market.

Answer: B) Ratio of current and savings deposits to total deposits

CASA ratio measures the share of low-cost deposits (current and savings accounts) in total deposits. A higher CASA ratio indicates better liquidity and profitability for banks.

Answer: C) 11.11%

According to the Indian Express, India’s currency-to-GDP ratio stood at 11.11% in October 2025, reflecting reduced cash usage and a rise in digital payment adoption post-demonetisation.

Answer: C) Odisha

Odisha’s millet model was praised for doubling productivity (6 to 12 quintals/hectare) and being the only state procuring millets at MSP. It also includes millets in school meals, empowering women farmers.

Answer: C) Inclusion of farmer groups in the conference

FAIFA (Federation of All India Farmer Associations) protested against its exclusion from the WHO COP11 meeting, arguing that Articles 17 & 18 of the FCTC mandate protection of tobacco farmers’ livelihoods.

Answer: B) Nutrient-rich, climate-resilient “superfoods”

Millets, also called Shree Anna or Mandia, are nutrient-dense and climate-resilient crops that require less water, support organic farming, and are promoted as superfoods for nutrition and sustainability.

Answer: C

Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh 2025, Bhagwan Birsa Munda ke 150th birth anniversary aur 150 years of “Vande Mataram” dono ko celebrate karta hai. Nodal Ministry – MoTA hai, aur anek sansthaayein bhag leti hain.

Answer: B

Rural unemployment 4.8% se ghatt kar 4.4% ho gayi July–September 2025 quarter me.

Answer: D

2025 edition Guam me ho rahi hai, jo U.S. ka strategic island territory hai.

Answer: B

GRAP Stage III me construction ban, BS-III petrol/BS-IV diesel ban, aur primary schools (Class 5 tak) band kiye jaate hain.

Answer: C

Stage-II provisioning ko badha kar 5% karne ka RBI ka draft proposal hai, jo pehle 0.4% tha.

Answer: B

Bima Bharosa IRDAI ka centralised grievance redressal platform hai jo transparency aur timely resolution par focus karta hai.

Answer: C

Partnership ka uddeshya rural, semi-urban aur underserved markets me insurance penetration badhana hai.

Answer: C

Sahakar Digi Pay specifically Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) ke liye banaya gaya UPI–NEFT–RTGS integrated payment platform hai.

Answer: C

Watershed Mahotsav Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development dwara ayojit National Watershed Conference ka hissa hai.

Answer: C

Festival ka main focus rainfed area development, water harvesting, afforestation, aur soil-water conservation par hai.

Answer: C. COP30, Belém, Brazil

Germanwatch released the Climate Risk Index 2026 during COP30 held in Belém, Brazil.

Answer: C. India

India ranks 9th worldwide in long-term climate vulnerability due to repeated extreme weather events and high population exposure.

Answer: C. Cyclone Nargis (2008)

Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar killed nearly 1.4 lakh people, making it the deadliest rapid-onset disaster in the CRI period.

Answer: D. USD 4.5 trillion

CRI 2026 reports total global economic losses from EWEs at USD 4.5 trillion over 30 years.

Answer: D. 430

India recorded around 430 rapid-onset climate disasters between 1995 and 2024.

Answer: D. USD 170 billion

India’s losses from EWE-related events are estimated at USD 170 billion over the 30-year period.

Answer: D. USD 300 billion

India needs to mobilise USD 300 billion by 2035 to strengthen climate resilience and mitigation efforts.

Answer: C. Decline in agricultural productivity

Erratic rainfall, drought, and water scarcity are reducing crop yields across India.

Answer: D. 240–260 km³

India’s excessive groundwater extraction, particularly in agricultural belts, has reached 240–260 km³ annually.

Answer: B. Mangroves

Mangroves protect coastal soil and agriculture from storms and saltwater intrusion, but they are declining due to development pressure.

Answer: B

NASA’s ESCAPADE mission aims to study how solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetosphere to understand atmospheric loss and support future Mars research.

Answer: C

India’s TB incidence fell from 195 to 187 per 100,000 between 2023–24 as per WHO Global TB Report 2025.

Answer: C

Southeast Asia remains the highest-burden region for TB globally, with India contributing significantly.

Answer: D

UNEP Global Cooling Watch 2025 estimates cooling-related electricity demand will increase from ~5,000 TWh to ~18,000 TWh by 2050.

Answer: C

Niryat Disha provides non-financial support such as quality upgrades, branding, capacity building, and logistics improvements.

Answer: C

Thadou Inpi, along with other groups, is demanding the removal of the vague “Any Kuki Tribes” category from the ST list in Manipur.

Answer: C

RBI recognised the Self-Regulatory Organisation for Payment Aggregators (SRPA) to enhance governance in India’s digital payments ecosystem.

Answer: C

India’s inflation target is 4% with a tolerance band of ±2%, i.e., 2–6%, under FIT.

Answer: D

RBI extended export proceeds realisation period from 9 months to 15 months to help exporters mitigate tariff-related losses.

Answer: B

A concise summary improves clarity and transparency for retail investors, helping them understand IPO/FPO details without lengthy documents.

Answer: B. Ashtamudi Lake

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Kerala’s Ashtamudi Lake exhibit a rare behavior where they drive fish toward shallow waters and signal fishers to cast nets, benefiting both sides.

Answer: C. Consumer grievance redressal

The e-Jagriti platform integrates consumer courts digitally, supporting e-filing, AI assistance, virtual hearings, and multilingual support.

Answer: B. Low-cost life-saving medicines

AMRIT stores provide essential drugs and implants at 50–90% discounts, launched originally in 2015.

Answer: B. Whether women can be offenders under POCSO

The SC examined legal evidence proving that POCSO is gender-neutral and applicable regardless of the offender’s gender.

Answer: C. 10 kW high-energy laser

Mark-2 uses a 10 kW laser for hard-kill of drones, combined with jamming and radar detection.

Answer: C. 10%

RBI proposes allowing banks to finance acquisitions but limits total exposure to 10% of Tier-I capital, raising concerns for large deals.

Answer: E. Global financial crisis of 2008

The summary mentions AP crisis, demonetisation, COVID, and 2024 slowdown as disruptors of household credit—not the 2008 GFC.

Answer: C. Offering digital banking through a shared platform

NUCFDC wants RBI approval to let smaller UCBs access a centralised digital banking stack for UPI, mobile banking, etc.

Answer: C. Non-basmati rice

Lifting export curbs and strong global demand significantly boosted non-basmati rice exports.

Answer: C. 8.8%

Agricultural exports grew 8.8% year-on-year, outperforming overall merchandise export growth of 2.9%.

Answer: B. Rashtriya Gokul Mission

NGRA was instituted in 2021 under the Rashtriya Gokul Mission, which promotes indigenous cattle and dairy excellence.

Answer: C. Best AIT Technician

The AIT category receives only a memento and certificate, with no cash prize.

Answer: B. Articles 233–237

Subordinate judiciary recruitment and control is defined under Articles 233 to 237, ensuring balance between High Courts and State Governments.

Answer: D. 70%

Around 70% of civil decrees take 3–7 years for execution due to procedural delays and infrastructure gaps.

Answer: D. Mont-de-Marsan

Garuda-2025 is hosted at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base, France, featuring Su-30MKI and Rafale.

Answer: B. Payment Aggregator

RBI authorised PayU as a Payment Aggregator, allowing it to collect and settle merchant payments.

Answer: B. Interest linked to market benchmark

Floating Rate Bonds have a variable interest rate tied to benchmarks like G-Sec or Treasury Bill yields.

Answer: C. Evolving with market and customer behaviour

Darwinian banking means continuous evolution, adopting digital and competitive practices to survive.

Answer: C. Rajasthan

Rajasthan’s Animal Husbandry Department launched a chatbot service for instant veterinary advice.

Answer: B. Reduce animal mortality through timely diagnosis

The chatbot enables faster medical consultation to protect livestock and improve rural livelihoods.

Answer: D. 30%

The Global Methane Pledge (GMP) commits participating countries to reduce global methane emissions by 30% from 2020 levels by 2030.

Answer: B. One Health Approach

India’s NAP-AMR 2.0 adopts a comprehensive One Health approach integrating human, animal, agriculture, food safety, and environmental sectors.

Answer: B. Global sea-surface height

Sentinel-6B continues a 30-year altimetry mission measuring sea-surface height, ocean temperature, and sea-state with high precision.

Answer: C. Six digits

NIC-2025 replaces NIC-2008’s five-digit structure with a more detailed six-digit classification system.

Answer: C. Asia

India was unanimously re-elected as the Asian regional representative to the Codex Executive Committee until CAC50 in 2027.

Answer: C. Spacetech

AVCF is India’s largest spacetech-focused VC fund, supporting launch systems, satellite technologies, and downstream space applications.

Answer: C. Invitation-only ultra-premium metal card

LUMIERE is an 18-gram invitation-only premium metal card with luxury lifestyle and travel privileges.

Answer: C. Set up systems & meet compliance before final approval

In-principle approval is a preliminary permission enabling infrastructure setup, personnel hiring, and compliance before final MF license.

Answer: B. Misuse of DUS tests affecting community seed varieties

Farmers fear private seed companies may misuse DUS tests to monopolise community-developed varieties like Njavara paddy.

Answer: C. 2026 Kharif

The Ministry formalised wild animal attack coverage as an add-on cover under PMFBY starting from the 2026 Kharif season.

Answer: C — ₹5 lakh

The Centre may raise PMJJBY & PMSBY coverage up to ₹5 lakh for subscribers who opt to pay a higher premium.

Answer: B — Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY)

The course is launched under MeitY and IndiaAI Mission to provide basic AI literacy to 1 crore citizens.

Answer: C — Sickle Cell Disease

CSIR-IGIB developed BIRSA 101 for curing Sickle Cell Disease using CRISPR gene-editing technology.

Answer: B — Tiger

A wild tiger has permanently settled in Ratanmahal Sanctuary for nine months, making Gujarat home to lions, leopards, and tigers together.

Answer: B — CE-20 Cryogenic Engine

The bootstrap mode test allows CE-20 engines of LVM3 to restart multiple times in space, increasing mission flexibility.

Answer: B — Rural insurance validation

Bima Gram API digitally authenticates rural insurance policies and maps them to Gram Panchayats.

Answer: D — SEBI

SEBI is examining same-day settlement netting for FPIs to reduce operational costs.

Answer: D — 19

The Finance Ministry authorised 19 private banks like HDFC, ICICI, Axis, Kotak etc. for CGAS deposits.

Answer: C — Natural farming

At the South India Natural Farming Summit 2025, PM highlighted natural farming as India’s future agricultural model.

Answer: B — Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024

The report shows nearly 20% samples exceed safe limits with contaminants like uranium, fluoride, arsenic, nitrate.

Answer: B. Article 142

Article 142 empowers the Supreme Court to deliver “complete justice.” The SC clarified that Article 142 cannot be used to grant “deemed assent” to Bills pending before the Governor or President.

Answer: C. Ministry of Jal Shakti

The campaign was launched by the Ministry of Jal Shakti on World Toilet Day 2025 to upgrade rural sanitation facilities and promote community participation.

Answer: C. Coal

GSI was established in 1851 by the British to locate coal resources needed for expanding Indian Railways.

Answer: B. India

RODHS 2025 is being hosted in New Delhi with participation from WHO-SEARO member nations.

Answer: C. Coastal security

‘Sagar Kavach’ is a biannual coastal security exercise conducted by the Indian Coast Guard to test preparedness against intrusions, smuggling, and terrorist infiltration.

Answer: D. 25–40%

Banks argue that the current 10% cap is insufficient due to rising M&A activity and propose raising the limit to 25–40% of Tier-1 capital.

Answer: B. Digital Gold

SEBI clarified that digital gold is not a regulated security, leading to a warning for investors due to risks relating to purity, storage, and counterparty reliability.

Answer: C. SEBI (OBPP) Regulations, 2022

OBPPs are governed under the SEBI (Online Bond Platform Providers) Regulations, 2022, ensuring investor protection and transparency.

Answer: B. 2nd

India is the 2nd-largest producer of aquaculture globally after China, contributing 23 million tonnes of aquatic animals.

Answer: D. PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

PMMSY is a ₹20,312 crore scheme aimed at building cold chains, transport, aquaculture parks, and reducing post-harvest losses.

Answer: E. Labour Welfare & Employment Code

The four Labour Codes are: Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Social Security Code, and OSHWC Code. There is no code named Labour Welfare & Employment Code.

Answer: B. 0–6 years

ICDS covers children aged 0–6 years along with pregnant and lactating mothers, focusing on nutrition and early childhood development.

Answer: C. Skill Development Loans

ICDS offers six services: nutrition, preschool education, immunisation, health check-ups, referral services, and health education. Skill development loans are not part of ICDS.

Answer: B. Instant cross-border payments

The UPI–TIPS linkage aims to enable fast, real-time international payments between India and the Eurozone.

Answer: B. European Central Bank

TIPS is operated by the Eurosystem, led by the European Central Bank and national central banks of the Euro Area.

Answer: C. Credit growth outpaced deposit growth

Strong loan demand and slower deposit mobilisation pushed CD ratio above 80%, which is the upper comfort limit of RBI.

Answer: C. 60–75%

RBI usually considers 60–75% as a healthy CD ratio, balancing liquidity and credit availability.

Answer: D. 100%

The new bill proposes raising the FDI limit in insurance to 100% to boost investment and sectoral growth.

Answer: B. APMC mandis across India

e-NAM integrates APMC mandis nationwide into a unified digital market for agricultural commodities.

Answer: D. 247

With 9 new additions like green tea and mentha oil, e-NAM now supports 247 standardized tradable commodities.

Answer: B. Article 240

The 131st Amendment Bill, 2025 proposes including Chandigarh under Article 240, giving the President the power to make regulations for certain Union Territories.

Answer: B. Opening the civil nuclear sector to private players

The Bill aims to modernise India’s civil nuclear framework by allowing private participation, which currently remains a government monopoly.

Answer: C. Johannesburg

The G-20 Summit took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, marking the first time the event was held in Africa.

Answer: C. Strengthening investor education & eligibility norms

ANMI stated that retail losses stem from low financial literacy rather than expiry-day changes, hence pushing for stricter norms and education.

Answer: D. 2 bps

The proposal reduces brokerage from 12 bps to 2 bps to prevent investors from paying twice for research.

Answer: B. KYC misuse and money laundering

Unregulated tech service providers misused payout APIs to move funds without standard checks like KYC or OTP, causing major AML risks.

Answer: B. Full-service Payment Aggregator

Easebuzz can now process online, offline, and cross-border merchant payments under RBI-authorised PA status.

Answer: D. Statutory levies like STT

SEBI plans to unbundle TER and exclude statutory charges such as STT and stamp duty.

Answer: B. CRISPR–Cas systems

Genome editing in India uses CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12a to make precise edits in native plant genes, producing non-transgenic crops.

Answer: C. Improve productivity, sustainability, and farmer income

Integrated farming combines crops, livestock, horticulture, etc., enhancing income and sustainability for marginal farmers.

Answer: B

Bharat NCAP 2.0 adds two new categories—Vulnerable Road User Protection and Post-Crash Safety. Existing tests like frontal, side impact, and oblique pole already existed.

Answer: B

A 50:50 Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement (JVCA) is signed between Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) and Safran Electronics & Defence of France to locally manufacture HAMMER munitions.

Answer: C

The report uses ‘Varuni’, a web-based digital platform for water budgeting, demand–supply analysis, hotspot mapping, and block-level planning.

Answer: C

The RBI stated that inflation has moderated to a historic low and remains well below the target, providing a supportive environment for growth.

Answer: C

Crisil estimates NBFC AUM to exceed ₹50 trillion by FY27 due to strong consumption-led demand.

Answer: B

SEBI proposes excluding delisted securities completely from BSDA valuation because they have no market price and no realizable value.

Answer: D

SEBI proposes reducing cash market brokerage caps from 12 bps to 2 bps (i.e., from 0.12% to 0.02%) to reduce trading costs passed on to investors.

Answer: B

SEBI recommends automated, uniform QUARTERLY reassessment instead of DP-level billing cycle checks.

Answer: D

Agriculture consumes 80–90% of India’s freshwater, making reforms like micro-irrigation and crop diversification essential.

Answer: C

Namchi faces a severe 94% water deficit — the highest among the studied aspirational blocks.

Answer: C. 14 km

The Hayli Gubbi volcano erupted after 12,000 years and released an ash plume reaching 14 km high, impacting flights even in Delhi.

Answer: B. Tambora

The 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption released massive ash and aerosols, cooling global temperatures and causing crop failures worldwide.

Answer: D. 206 million

UNICEF reports that 206 million Indian children face at least one form of deprivation such as poor nutrition, housing, or education deficiency.

Answer: B. Kerala

Kerala’s strong local governance and community-led systems have made it a model for child development and welfare.

Answer: D. 4.3%

The INR weakened by 4.3% due to a strong dollar, capital outflows, and trade tensions, making it the worst in Asia.

Answer: B. –$2.4 billion

Net FDI turned negative at –$2.4 billion due to higher outward investment and profit repatriation.

Answer: C. NISM certification

SEBI now allows graduates from any field but requires them to possess NISM certification for both IA and RA roles.

Answer: D. ₹10 lakh

The simplified process thresholds were raised to ₹10 lakh to reduce investor paperwork and harmonize with IEPF rules.

Answer: C. Central Seed Committee

The bill establishes a 27-member Central Seed Committee as the apex regulatory body for seed-related matters.

Answer: E. ₹30 lakh

The bill proposes penalties between ₹50,000 to ₹30 lakh, along with possible imprisonment for serious violations.

Answer: C — 100 metres above local ground level

MoEFCC submitted a new definition to the Supreme Court that recognises Aravalli hills as landforms ≥100 m above local ground level, removing protection for over 90% of earlier-identified hills.

Answer: C — 1,048

Out of 12,081 hills ≥20 m, only 1,048 hills meet the new 100 m threshold, meaning ~8.7% will remain under defined protection.

Answer: B — M.S. Krishnan

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved naming a Mars crater after M.S. Krishnan, the first Indian Director of the Geological Survey of India.

Answer: C — Netravali & Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuaries

CEC proposed Phase-1 with Netravali + Cotigao as the core area (296.7 sq. km) for the Goa Tiger Reserve.

Answer: C — RBI forecasting has no systematic bias

Poonam Gupta stated that RBI’s inflation forecasts show no systematic bias and rely on multiple models for accuracy.

Answer: C — 0.25%

CPI inflation touched 0.25%, the lowest historical pace, prompting debate about policy stance.

Answer: B — ₹7,280 crore

The Union Cabinet approved a ₹7,280 crore scheme to promote rare earth permanent magnet manufacturing.

Answer: C — Electric Vehicles & Renewable Energy

REPMs are essential components for EV motors, renewable energy systems, aerospace, and defence applications.

Answer: B — Pollutant emissions & fuel efficiency

CAFE norms regulate fleet-wide CO₂ emission and fuel efficiency, pushing cleaner vehicle standards and EV adoption.

Answer: C — Exemption for small cars (≤909 kg, ≤1,200 cc)

The exemption helps promote small, space-efficient cars that reduce congestion and urban pollution compared to large SUVs.

Answer: C

Majority NPAs belong to microfinance portfolio.

Answer: D

15% of continuously operating firms qualify as zombie firms.

Answer: C

Recovery dropped to 33% by June 2025.

Answer: C

S-500 can intercept aircraft, ballistic missiles & low-orbit satellites.

Answer: C

The entire Himalayan arc from J&K to Arunachal is Zone VI.

Answer: C

It is a Central Sector Scheme under Ministry of Textiles.

Answer: D

Zone VI is now the highest-risk category.

Answer: C

Argentina’s Milei government objected to Middle East references.

Answer: C

G20 called for representation of Africa, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific.

Answer: C

WPI is used as deflator in absence of PPI.

Answer: B. Hansa-3(NG)

CSIR-NAL unveiled the production version of the indigenous two-seater Hansa-3(NG) trainer aircraft designed for PPL/CPL training.

Answer: C. All-composite airframe

Hansa-3(NG) is built using a fully composite airframe, making it lighter and more durable.

Answer: D. Common Evening Brown

The species responsible is the Common Evening Brown (Melanitis leda), which appears in large numbers during rainy seasons.

Answer: C. Brown leaf-like wings for camouflage

This species resembles dry leaves, helping them blend into their surroundings and avoid predators.

Answer: B. 448.52 BCM

The 2025 groundwater recharge stands at 448.52 BCM, slightly higher than 2024 but lower than 2023.

Answer: C. Punjab, Haryana, Delhi

These regions show the highest concentration of over-exploited and critical groundwater units.

Answer: B. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

ITPGRFA is a global treaty for conservation and fair access to plant genetic resources.

Answer: C. Lima, Peru

The GB11 meeting of ITPGRFA was conducted in Lima, Peru.

Answer: C. To facilitate global access and benefit-sharing of plant genetic resources

MLS enables the global exchange and equitable use of crop genetic resources.

Answer: C. ITPGRFA "Compromise Proposal"

Scientists fear the compromise proposal may restrict access to genetic resources and impact breeding programs and food security.