The Gond tribe is second largest indigenous groups in India, with a significant presence in central and south-central regions. They are categorized as a Scheduled Tribe and are known for their rich cultural heritage and traditional way of life. The Gonds are spread across several states, including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and others.
- Largest Tribe
- The largest tribe in India is the Bhil tribe.
- The largest tribe in India is the Bhil tribe.
Background of Displacement
- In 2005, ~50,000 Gond tribals were displaced from Chhattisgarh due to the Government of India’s “strategic hamleting” program aimed at countering Maoists, inspired by a similar strategy in Vietnam (1960s).
- Tribals were relocated to roadside camps in undivided Andhra Pradesh (now Andhra Pradesh and Telangana).
- The program failed; many tribals returned to forests while others stayed back, some even joined security forces.
Role in Counter-Maoist Operations:
- Displaced tribals and surrendered Maoists have been instrumental in recent military successes.
- Their knowledge of local terrain and dialects has made them valuable assets.
- Home Minister Amit Shah targets to end Maoist insurgency by March 31, 2026.
Historical Context:
- Similar tribal recruitment happened in 1949 against Telangana communists.
- In Mizoram (1960s), the strategic hamlet policy led to a peace deal; later, in 2019, displaced Brus were rehabilitated.
Current Situation of Displaced Tribals
- Gutti Koya tribals still live on forest lands in AP and Telangana without legal status.
- Chhattisgarh Govt: Admitted 10,000 displaced due to violence.
- Telangana & Andhra Pradesh: Report 24,000 and 8,000 displaced respectively.
Legal and Administrative Issues:
- Forest Rights Act (FRA) Clause 3.1(m): Guarantees alternative forest land for those displaced before Dec 13, 2005.
- Many have applied under this clause, but Chhattisgarh has stalled action for over 5 years.
- No legal barrier to granting land in a different State, but Chhattisgarh hasn’t pursued it with the Centre or other States.
Lack of Recognition and Rights:
- AP and Telangana treat Gutti Koya as “migrants”, denying them Scheduled Tribe (ST) status.
- States provide limited humanitarian support but claim central intervention is needed.
- Displaced face harassment from forest officials, police, and local tribals.
Pending Actions and Recommendations:
- NCST has ordered a comprehensive survey of displaced tribals within 3 months.
- Need for a national policy for Internally Displaced People (IDPs).
- Demand for dignified, permanent rehabilitation with ST recognition and forest rights in host States.
