“The essence of strategy is choosing what not to do.” — Michael E. Porter . Well said for the students who are seeking to clear their RBI Grade-B exams . C4S is providing you the exact platform where you can learn the strategies for you exams and get the best guidance . For making your plan strategically in limited time this content is providing you all the preparation strategies and key aspects of RBI-Grade B examination . When you will go through the previous year question papers you may get an idea of the difficulty level of the examination and the types of questions asked . Preparation strategy : RBI Grade B Phase 1 and 2 If you are preparing for the upcoming RBI Grade B examination then at very first you have to choose the correct platform ! In this content every important details for the examination has been provided which you must master upon the RBI Grade B examination . Subject-wise study plans , detailed informations about the exam have been mentioned in the content , so that you can analyse it and schedule your study plans accordingly .The best things is that these study plans are exceedingly easy to understand and are in a tabulated form . Important topics related to the RBI Grade-B preparation : At this point make sure that you are updated about every certain changes in RBI Grade B exam and syllabus . Important Techniques Approach to Mocks DO’s and DONT’s in RBI Grade A and B Exam These were all important points to keep in mind while preparing for RBI Grade B exam .
ISRO International Space Research Organization
What is ISRO ? It is a space agency of India under the Department of Space of Government of India . ISRO coming into being Achievements of ISRO Communication Satellites It was established in the year 1983 with the commissioning of INSAT-1B . INSAT is one of the largest domestic satellite system in Asia-Pacific region . Given below is the list of some important communication satellites : SATELLITE LAUNCH DATE LAUNCH VEHICLE APPLICATION GSAT-31 06 Feb 2019 Ariane-5 VA-247 Communication GSAT-7A 19 Dec 2018 GSLV-F11 / GSAT-7A Mission Communication GSAT-11 Mission 05 Dec 2018 Ariane-5 VA-246 Communication GSAT-29 14 Nov 2018 GSLV Mk III-D2 / GSAT-29 Mission Communication GSAT-6A 29 Mar 2018 GSLV-F08/GSAT-6A Mission Communication GSAT-17 29 Jun 2017 Ariane-5 VA-238 Communication GSAT-19 05 Jun 2017 GSLV Mk III-D1/GSAT-19 Mission Communication GSAT-9 05 May 2017 GSLV-F09 / GSAT-9 Communication GSAT-12 15 July 2011 PSLV-C17/GSAT-12 Communication GSAT-8 21 May 2011 Ariane-5 VA-202 Communication / Navigation EDUSAT 20 Sep 2004 GSLV-F01 / EDUSAT(GSAT-3) Communication Earth Observation Satellites At very first India started with IRS-1A in 1988 , then with times ISRO launched many operational remote sensing satellites . Today India is having one of the largest constellations of the remote sensing satellites in operation . Given below is the list of some important earth observation satellites : Satellite Launch Date Launch Vehicle Application HysIS Nov 29, 2018 PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission Earth Observation Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Jan 12, 2018 PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission Earth Observation Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Jun 23, 2017 PSLV-C38 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Earth Observation Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Feb 15, 2017 PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite Earth Observation RESOURCESAT-2A Dec 07, 2016 PSLV-C36 / RESOURCESAT-2A Earth Observation SCATSAT-1 Sep 26, 2016 PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1 Climate & Environment INSAT-3DR Sep 08, 2016 GSLV-F05 / INSAT-3DR Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite Jun 22, 2016 PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite Earth Observation SARAL PSLV-C20/SARAL PSLV-C20/SARAL Climate & Environment, Earth Observation RISAT-1 Apr 26, 2012 PSLV-C19/RISAT-1 Earth Observation Megha-Tropiques Oct 12, 2011 PSLV-C18/Megha-Tropiques Climate & Environment, Earth Observation RESOURCESAT-2 Apr 20, 2011 PSLV-C16/RESOURCESAT-2 Earth Observation CARTOSAT-2B Jul 12, 2010 PSLV-C15/CARTOSAT-2B Earth Observation Oceansat-2 Sep 23, 2009 PSLV-C14 / OCEANSAT-2 Climate & Environment, Earth Observation RISAT-2 Apr 20, 2009 PSLV-C12 / RISAT-2 Earth Observation CARTOSAT-1 May 05, 2005 PSLV-C6/CARTOSAT-1/HAMSAT Earth Observation The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) Oct 22, 2001 PSLV-C3 / TES Earth Observation Oceansat (IRS-P4) May 26, 1999 PSLV-C2/IRS-P4 Earth Observation Rohini Satellite RS-D1 May 31, 1981 SLV-3D1 Earth Observation Bhaskara-I Jun 07, 1979 C-1 Intercosmos Earth Observation, Experiment
Foreign Currency Non Resident FCNR
Difference between FCNR and FCNR (B) The basic difference between FCNR and FCNE (B) is mentioned below : FCNR (B) was introduced to replace the already prevailing FCNR scheme which was known as FCNR A . Who can open a FCNR account ? The FCNR (B) account has provision for the nomination facility like usual FD account … etc . An Indian resident can also be the nominee for the account . This account can be closed permanently if required by the account holders. In case the account holder if wishes to earn interest on the same , the account should be functional for a minimum time period of 1 year .
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ( MGNREGA )
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREGA) Act has helped in reimbursing 20%-80% of the income loss caused due to COVID-19 lockdown as per study conducted of 4 states i.e, (Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Bihar and Karnataka . MINISTRY Ministry of Rural Development What is MGNREGA ? ABOUT MGNREGA was launched in the year 2005 as one of the largest work guaranteed program by the Ministry of Rural Government . The basic objective of MGNREGA was providing 100 days guaranteed employment in every financial year to any rural or adult people who are willing to do public work – related which is unskilled manual work. As per the data of 2023-24 in there are more than 15.4 crores active workers under the MGNREGA . Legal Right to Work Women should be at least one-third of the beneficiaries of this scheme . Wages should be paid as prescribed under the Minimum Wages Act,1948 as specified for the agricultural labourers in state. Demand Driven Scheme The most crucial and important part of MGNREGA is that work should be provided to any rural or adult person within 15 days when demanded and if he/she did not get the work on proper time “unemployment allowance” must be paid to them. The demand-driven program allows the self-selection of work . Decentralized Planning Through giving significant roles to Panchayati Raj Institutions there is a focus on strengthening the way or process of decentralization . Now this act is mandating the Gram Sabha for recommending the works which are to be undertaken and a minimum of 50% work should be performed by them. Issues Related with Implementation of this Scheme Way Forward There is an urgent need of better coordination with in various departments of government . There is a lack of incompatibility in the payouts which should be addressed genuinely. Women earn less tha 22.24 % in this sector as compared to their male partners . The State Government must positively look upon the mandate of the work that it should be appointed within the time mandated . The local body have to look upon the quarantined migrants who need the work cards . MGNREGA should also be converged with other governmental schemes so that the rate of opportunities can be increased .
The Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita 2023
Major changes have been made in the field of law . The Indian Penal Code has now been amended as Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita .This change is being enforced with effect from 1st of July 2024 .Certain amendments have also been made regarding the old laws of Indian Penal Code . The Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita(BNS) 2023 have now replaced the Indian Penal Code(IPC) 1860. Deletions made in the new BNS LIST of the SECTIONS DELETED New Offences Promise to marry : Criminalizing ” deceitful ” promises to marry . Mob Lynching : Codified offences linked to mob lynching and any hate crime – murders. Terrorism and Organized Crime : Now the ordinary criminal law covers the terrorism and the organized crime which also includes a broader scope for terror financing in BNS. Attempt to Suicide : Now it has been criminalized attempt to suicide with an intent to compel or restrain any public servant from discharging official duty. Community Service : Now this has been added as a possible form of punishment. Deletions Unnatural and Sexual Offences : In IPC section 377 which criminalized homosexuality has now been replaced completely. Adultery : In the consonance of the judgement of the Supreme Court ( apex court ) offences of adultery has now been omitted completely. Thugs : Section 310 of Indian Penal Code has been mitted completely. Gender Neutrality : Some of the laws which dealt with children has also been omitted . Modifications made Fake News : Now publishing fake news and information has been criminalized . Sedition : Under the new law it has been given a new name i.e, ” deshdroh ” with a wider definition of it . Damage to Public Property : Now on damaging any public property a graded fine will be charged in corresponding of the amount of the damage caused. Madatory Minimum Sentence : In many of the provisions there is a mandatory minimum sentences prescribed. Death by Negligence : Now punishments for causing death by negligence ( 2years imprisonment for doctors ) . Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 The Code of Criminal Procedure , 1973 (CrPC) has now been changed to Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita , 2023 (BNSS) which was being enforced with effect from 1st of July 2024 . Certain amendments have also been made regarding the old laws of CrPC. Basic Key Provisions Hierarchy of the courts : Eliminated distinction and role of metropolitan magistrate . BNSS DEFINITIONS ( New Insertions ) Section 2 a. Electronic Audio -Video b. Bail c. Bail bond d. Bond e. Electronic communications f.” Investigation”- explanation Major Changes Made ; Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 On 1st July 2024 the Indian Evidence Act(IEA) 1872 have been replaced by the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023. Key Provisions In the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam major changes have been made to get rid of the old evidence act which consisted rules and laws of the English evidence act too . It consists of too many new provisions to maximize the transparency , objectives and many more legal proceedings .
PRADHAN MANTRI JAN – DHAN YOJNA
Why in news ? Achievements of PMJDY in these TEN Years… About PMJDY This scheme is a financial program which aims in ensuring access to different financial services , savings, deposits, insurance , pensions in an affordable manner . Under this anyone can open Basic savings banak deposits in any bank branch those who are not having any account opened already. Features: In PMJDY accounts there is no any requirement to maintain any minimum balance. Free debit cards are provided to the account holders. The account holders can also avail accidental insurance. This account is eligible for many governmental schemes listed below: No mandatory free cheque book will be provided to the account holders. Challenges to PMJDY The temp of getting all the insurance cover , accidental death benefit cover results in people opening multiple accounts in different banks using different identification like PAN Card, Aadhar Card. Many accounts creates financial problem for the banks in maintaining and managing them. It is also creating money laundering issues as the some accounts of the poor peoples are being used by the black money operators . Many a times some of the business correspondents do misuse of the authority which the life of the people below poverty line miserable. There is also a lack of financial and technical illiteracy which is creating problem in savings ,deposits to may account holders.
BANKING SECTOR : ACTS and AMMENDMENTS
Banking Reforms in India is a regular and continuous process in order to ensure a strong and vigorous Financial System and also for supporting in the Sustainable Growth of the nation. These reforms are making the banking sector transparent ,more competitive which is contributing in the Economic Growth of the nation. NEW AMMENDMENTS IN BANKING SECTOR MINISTRY : FINANCE INTRODUCED IN LOK SABHA on 9th AUGUST 2024 Banking Laws ( amendment ) Bill,2024 was being introduced in the Lok Sabha on 9th of August 2024 . It has now amended the old banking laws . The amended new Banking Laws are listed below : OBJECTIVE OF THE BILL Basically it aims in building up the banking governance in India by enhancing the reporting consistency to the RBI . It is also improving the security of the depositors and the investors. The bill also seeks to upraise the audit quality in the public sector banks. It is also extending the tenure of the directors in the cooperative banks (except the chairman or whole-time director ) . These changes have been made in order to enshrine a better accountability within the banking sector in India. MAJOR CHANGES Fortnight for cash reserves The scheduled banks have to maintain certain levels of daily average balance with RBI ,as cash reserves , under the Reserve Bank of India Act. The daily average balance is based upon the average of the balances which is held by the banks at closing of each day of fortnight. Changes in tenure of the directors of the cooperative banks ? The director of the bank ( except chairman or whole-time director ) is prohibited to uphold the office more than eight consecutive years ,under the Banking Regulation Act . The new bill has increased it up-to 10 years ,for the cooperative banks. The Cooperative Banks may have the common directors or not ? Under the Banking Regulation Act , any director serving on the banks board cannot serve for the board of another bank, but this is not applicable to the directors who are appointed by the Reserve Bank of India. Now the new bill has extended this exemption to the central cooperative banks, and this exemption will be applied where they are elected for the board of a state cooperative bank in which they are the members . What is the amount of substantial interest in a company ? As per the Banking Regulation Act, it refers to the holding shares over Rs. 5 Lakh or 10% of the paid up capital of the company or whichever is the lesser one. It may be held either individually or collectively or by any individual , his spouse or minor child. Now the new bill has amended this to increase this to two crore rupees. The amount may be altered by the central government through a notification. NOMINATION To appoint a nominee for their deposit, under the Banking Regulation Act ,banks only allows single or joint deposit holders. In case of death of the person who appointed the nominee, he/she will have all the access to the deposits, articles or locker . Now according to the new bill, four nominees can be appointed for these purposes . For a consecutive nomination ,the nominee who has been named higher will be given the priority. SETTLEMENT OF UNCLAIMED AMOUNT Banking Companies ( Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings ) Act, 1970 and 1980 and State Bank of India Act is there for transferring the unpaid or unclaimed dividend to an unpaid dividend account. If the money will stays in the account unpaid and unclaimed for a time period of seven years it will be transferred to the IEPF. This money can be claimed for refund or transfer if the money is unclaimed or unpaid. REMUNERATION OF AUDITORS Presently remuneration being paid to the auditors of the respective banks is decided by the Reserve Bank of India , with a consultation with the Central Government. The new bill have empowered the banks to decide the remuneration amount of their auditors.
Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Yojna
It was launched on 23rd September,2018 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi emerged from National Health Policy 2017.It is basically focusing on covering up 12 crores families , or near 55 crore individuals. This scheme is a foundation of India’s commitment towards achieving the UHC (UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE ). Health Coverage PM-JAY has now become the largest health assurance scheme in world by offering comprehensive secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation benefits upto Rs.5 lakh per family annually. By prioritising poorest 40% of the population over the last six years it has sought help to deep-rooted inquities in India as per the socio -economic caste census 2011. KEY FEATURES Listed below are some of the key features of this scheme : 2 .Each entitled family is getting up-to Rs.5 lakh hospitalisation in both public and private empanelled hospitals in India. 3. There are around 55 crores beneficiaries in which over 12 crores poor and vulnerable families are eligible for the benefits of the schemes. 4. The benficiaries are getting cashless healthcare services , eliminating the need of out of pocket payments during the treatment. 5. By covering these medical costs , PM JAY is preventing over six crores families from falling into poverty due to healthcare issues. FREE HEALTHCARE COVERAGE FOR ALL THE 70+ SENIORS On September 11 , the Union Cabinet approved an expansion of AB PM JAY which is offering healthcare services to the senior citizens aged 70+ years and above . This will provide free health coverage of up to â‚ą5 lakh per family, regardless of income, benefiting around 6 crore senior citizens across 4.5 crore families. All the senior citizens will be receiving a new distinct card under the AB PM JAY for getting access to the scheme .An additional top-up cover of â‚ą5 lakh per year will be provided exclusively for their use, separate from the rest of the family . ACHIEVEMNETS OF AB PM JAY As per the data of September 2024 AB PM JAY has improved its healthcare accessibility in India. It has empowered over a millions of families by issuing the cards to over 35.4 crore families. It is operational in 33 States and Union Territories  except NCT Delhi, West Bengal, and Odisha .There is an accomplishment that the authorization of 7.70 crore hospital admissions, providing â‚ą1,07,125 crores in financial coverage. 3.61 crore hospital admissions have been utilised by women, reflecting the scheme’s role in supporting gender equity in healthcare. It has successfully empanelled 30,529 hospitals across the country. SOURCE : PIB
PM-WANI YOJNA
The PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) is a scheme which is launched by the Department of Telecommunications on December 2020 .It consists of four parts mentioned below :POD (Public Data Office) , PDOA(Public Data Office Aggregator) , Central Registry , and App Provider. The Public Data Office establishes the Wi-Fi Hotspots and are providing internet access to users. The Public Data Office Aggregator is providing authorization and accounting services to PDOA. The app providing displays the hotspots available in their phone’s proximity. The Central Registry which is overseen by Centre for Development of Telematics is maintaining the details of the PDO, PDOA and the App Provider. MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERNS National Digital The communication policy 2018, which comes under the connect India mission has set the goal for enabling deployment of 10 million public Wi-Fi hotspots by the year 2022 for creating a robust digital communication infrastructure. In future , the Bharat 6G Vision is also setting up the goal of reaching to 10 million public Wi-Fi hotspots by the year 2022 and 50 million by the year 2030 for the Digital India 2030 mobile and he broadband policy objectives. Presently this PM-Wani hotspot numbers is much below the targeted numbers, as mentioned in NDCP,2018 documents and also in the Bharat 6G Vision document.
G20 Summit
Why in news ? Recently, the G20 meeting concluded in Rio De Janerio, Brazil highlighting core commitments such as taxation of billionaires, energy transition , and support for global climate initiatives, including UNFCC COP 30 in Brazil. India addressed the G20 Summit highlighting the need for efforts to reduce poverty and to strengthen global food security. History of G20 G20 was established in the wake of Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998. The crisis underscored the need for a better co-ordination among major economies to address the Global Economic Challenges . The G20 served as a meeting of finance ministers and central bank Governers but was upgraded to a leaders level summit in the year 2008 in the response to the Global Financial Crisis. Since that time ,the G20 has played a crucial role in shaping the international economic agenda and for coordinating global economic policies. Leaders African Union Moussa Faki, Mohammedould Ghazouani Argentina Javeir Milei Austrailia Anthony Albanese Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Canada Justin Trudeau China Xi Jinping, Li Qiang France Emmanuel Mcron Germany Olaf Scholz India Narendra Modi Indonesia Prabowo Subianto Italy Giorgia Meloni Japan Shigeru Ishiba Mexico Claudia Sheinbaum Russia Vladimir Putin Saudi Arabia Salman bin Adulaziz Al Saud SouthAfrica Cyril Ramaphosa South Korea Yoon Suk Yeol Turkey Recep Tyyip Erdogan United Kingdom Keir Starmer United States Joe Biden European Union Charles Michel, Ursula von der Leyen How does the leadership of India within G20 impacts the Global Issues ? India promoted millets as a climate-resilient crops highlighting their potential to address the global hunger and nutrition through the Millet Initiative during the 2023 G20. India is emerging as a strong advocate for the global south,amplifying its voice on critical issues such as sustainibility ,finance , cimate , etc. Through the initiatives like the voice of global submit ,India has ensured that the needs and priorities of developing nations remain central to the agenda of G20. The experties of India in the feild of Innovation and technology has been shared with developing nations remain central to the G20 agenda. On the sidelines of the 2024 G20 Summit in Brazil, India held significant bilateral discussions with countries like Austrailia, Norway, Indonesia, Portugal, UK, France, and Italy. Major outcomes of G20 2024? One of the major acievement was the endorsement of measures to tax ultra-high-net-worth individuals.Brazil led the charge , with the discussions about the national sovereignty and the tax principles were not fully resolved. G20 recognised the urgent need to scale up the climate finance but there was no concrete plan established for the sources of this funding.The leaders supported the COP29 in Azerbaijan and called for enhanced financing to help the developing nations adapt to the climate change. It highlighted the the need for continued investment in the renewable energy but did not re affirm the previous CO;P28 commitment to phaseout the fossil fuel subsidies. A greater emphasis was being placed as part of broader climate action. The G20 called for reforms in the global governance for adressing global inequalities.It culminated with the declaration, combating hunger, poverty , and inequality advocating for sustainibility ,just transition, and global governance reform while highlighting inclusive decesion making and tax justice. The G20 supported the initiatves made for a comprehensive and lasting peace in Ukraine emphasising the diplomatic efforts for peace. WAY FORWARD G20 nations must enhancethe collaborations with the international organisations for ensuring a united response to fuel food and fertilizer in the developing regions. For instance Global hunger and poverty alliance and the millet initiatives serve as a key examples of G20 efforts. It should also invest in long-term solutions such as alternative fertilizers and sustainable farming …etc to reduce the global dependancy. It should also encourage the diplomatic engagement and multilateral dialogue , which focuses on conflict resolution. By creating specialised group may help in building the consensus on issues like the Middile east tensions. The G20 must strengthen the accountability using the monitory bodies and independant assesments to ensure debt releif . By doing partnerships with the multilateral institutions may help in improving enforcement. The membership of G20 must be broaden for including more global south nations ensuring greater representation.
