Context: India has become the top global target for hacktivist attacks, accounting for 13% of worldwide incidents in 2024, as per the High Tech Crime Trends Report – 2025 by Group-IB. It also ranks among the top three countries for data leaks, advanced persistent threats (APTs), and attacks by Initial Access Brokers (IABs). Key Findings from the Report A. Hacktivist Attacks B. Data Leaks & Cybercrime C. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) D. Initial Access Brokers (IABs) Attacks E. Compromised Hosts The Growing Cybersecurity Threat Strengthening Cyber Defenses India’s rising cyber vulnerabilities demand urgent action from policymakers, businesses, and cybersecurity experts. With hacktivism, data breaches, and cyber warfare increasing, strengthening national cyber resilience is critical to securing India’s digital future. Source: BS

Introduction While India has made significant progress in women’s economic participation, gender disparities in entrepreneurship, employment, and access to finance remain stark. Despite increased participation in SHGs (Self-Help Groups) and government-backed loan schemes, women entrepreneurs still face funding and credit access challenges. Gender Disparities in Finance and Entrepreneurship A. Startup Funding Gap B. Employment and Workforce Participation Government Initiatives Supporting Women Entrepreneurs A. Lakhpati Didi Scheme B. Financial Inclusion and Credit Access Declining Trends in Women’s Access to Credit A. Decline in Women Borrowers under Mudra Scheme B. Fluctuating Loan Disbursements Past Efforts and Challenges in Women-Centric Banking Bridging the Gender Gap If India aims to achieve developed nation status by 2047, narrowing the gender gap in entrepreneurship, employment, and finance is critical. While progress is evident, sustained policy action, better access to credit, and cultural shifts are essential for women to thrive in India’s economy. Source: BS

Context: India has witnessed an unprecedented startup boom, fueled by government enthusiasm, incubators, and a growing tech ecosystem. However, concerns remain about whether this momentum can be sustained without unintended negative consequences, similar to India’s past import-substitution policies. The Scale of India’s Startup Ecosystem Despite these positive trends, structural challenges exist that could hinder long-term success. Challenges Facing Indian Startups A. Limited Early Adopters and Price Sensitivity B. High Startup Failure Rate and Funding Gaps C. Lessons from UPI: A Blueprint for Scaling Startups Despite these challenges, India has demonstrated tech-driven success stories—the most striking example being Unified Payments Interface (UPI). Why did UPI succeed? Policy Tweaks to Ensure Startup Success To replicate UPI’s success in startups, India may need policy interventions such as: The UPI model demonstrates that policy, infrastructure, and incentives can drive mass adoption of new technology. If India applies similar principles to its startup ecosystem, it could unlock world-scale success and avoid the pitfalls of past policy missteps. Source: BS

Domestic Semiconductor Production Initiative Semicon India Programme (2021) Rising Import Dependency on Semiconductor Chips Key Semiconductor Suppliers to India India’s Role in the Global Semiconductor Value Chain Way Forward

Context: Almost 97% of the entire financing of ₹1.25 trillion, provided by the Special Assistance scheme for states, has been approved by the Centre making interest free loans for a period of 50 years available to the states for enhancing capital investments and reforms. Key Features Fund Allocation & Utilization Desirable Conditions for Assistance Genesis of the Scheme Strategic Implications The Special Assistance scheme ensured capital investments biennially, and with reforms implemented, have been a sharper focus on the development of states. The fact that 97% of the funds have been approved is itself a testimony to the efficiency of the scheme in its disbursement, and to the strong fiscal coordination between the Centre and states.

Context: The IndiaAI Mission, worth ₹10,371.92 crore, aims at driving India’s artificial intelligence development and reducing the dependence on foreign AI models through indigenous capacity building. In this sense, the mission has aims in compute infrastructure, datasets, model development, safety, and skill building. It is a mission, too, that stands of great importance in light of rapid advances in AI technology across the globe and a rapidly emerging necessity for developing culturally and linguistically relevant AI tools for India’s diversity. Key Pillars and Their Strategic Impact AI Kosha Democratizing AI Infrastructure AI Safety & Governance Indigenous AI Model Development AI Innovation & Skill Development: Building a Talent Pipeline Assessment of the IndiaAI Mission Initiative Progress Challenges Strategic Impact AI Kosha (Data Infrastructure) Launched, initial datasets Scaling high-quality, diverse datasets Enables AI models adapted to India Common Compute (GPU Access) 14,000 GPUs deployed Allocation, expansion amid global shortages Lowers barriers for AI startups AI Safety Institute Planned No clear regulatory framework yet Essential for responsible AI use Indigenous AI Models 67 proposals received Costly, high expertise required Strengthens AI independence Innovation & Skills Development AI labs planned in smaller cities Talent retention, industry-academia gap Expands India’s AI talent pool Source: Mint

Context: The recent population study released by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change reports 6,327 river dolphins in India, highlighting the critical status of these freshwater mammals. The study also raises concerns regarding their threats, ecological role, and conservation strategies. A deeper analysis is essential to understand whether existing efforts are sufficient or if stronger intervention is needed. River Dolphins River dolphins are categorized into facultative and obligate species, each with unique habitat preferences and conservation concerns. Facultative River Dolphins (Both Freshwater and Marine) Obligate River Dolphins (Exclusively Freshwater) Key Analytical Insights Adaptations The Ganges and Indus river dolphins have evolved unique adaptations to survive in muddy, freshwater environments with low visibility. Sensory Adaptations Key Analytical Insights Conservation Challenges Despite their legal protection under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972), river dolphins in India face multiple anthropogenic (human-induced) threats. 1. Habitat Destruction & River Pollution 2. Overfishing & Bycatch Mortality 3. Poaching & Use in Traditional Medicine Key Analytical Insights 4. Conservation Efforts: Are They Sufficient? Current Strategies Limitations & Gaps Analytical Insights Way Forward 1. Expansion of Protected Areas & Dolphin Reserves 2. Stricter Regulation of Fishing Practices 3. Pollution Control & Sustainable Water Management 4. Community Involvement & Eco-Tourism

Context: The 100 day intensified TB elimination campaign, which began on December 7, 2024, covered 33 States and Union Territories, with 455 intervention districts. It tried to find symptomatic and asymptomatic TB cases among high risk groups by way of chest X ray screening and bacteriological confirmation through molecular tests. Key Highlights of the Campaign Objectives TB Notification Data The increase in TB notifications compared to last year is slight(+220 cases). Increased notifications between Dec 7, 2024, and Feb 22, 2025, against same intervals of last year: +44,585 cases. Challenges and Limitations Overclaim of Campaign Efficacy Low Utilization of X Ray Screening Poor Infrastructure Short Duration & Unrealistic Goal While the 100-day intensified TB elimination campaign likely improved case detection to some extent, its overall impact has been overstated. Key limitations, including low X-ray screening coverage, inadequate infrastructure, and a short intervention period, undermine the effectiveness of the initiative. Source: TH India’s Tuberculosis (TB) Elimination Program