Source: BS Context: The IMF’s World Economic Outlook (April 14, 2026) presents a rare “divergence” in the global landscape: while the world economy faces a significant slowdown, India has received a marginal upgrade. This upgrade is primarily driven by a “Trade-Off” between Geopolitical Conflict and Trade Liberalization. India’s FY27 Upgrade: The “Sovereign Trade” Boost The IMF raised India’s FY27 growth forecast to 6.5% (a 10-basis point increase from its January estimate). Comparison of FY27 India Projections (%) India remains a “relative bright spot,” but there is a clear range of expert opinions: Institution Forecast (%) Sentiment S&P Global 7.1 Most Optimistic (Base Case) RBI 6.9 Bullish on Domestic Demand ADB 6.9 Bullish on US Tariff Impact World Bank 6.6 Moderate Resilience IMF 6.5 Cautiously Optimistic (Upgraded) OECD 6.1 Concern over Global Trade MCQs Q.1) What is the primary reason the IMF upgraded India’s FY27 growth forecast despite the West Asia conflict? [1] Discovery of new domestic oil reserves [2] Reduction in US tariffs on Indian goods from 50% to 10% [3] A sudden increase in the birth rate [4] Complete cessation of all imports Q.2) According to S&P Global, a sustained rise in crude oil to $130 per barrel could cut India’s growth by how much? [1] 10 basis points [2] 40 basis points [3] 80 basis points [4] 200 basis points Q.3) The IMF’s 2026 global growth forecast was pared down to what percentage in the April 2026 WEO? [1] 3.4% [2] 3.3% [3] 3.1% [4] 2.0% Q.4) Which category of nations did the IMF identify as likely to feel the “deleterious impact” of the West Asia conflict most severely? [1] G7 Advanced Economies [2] Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs) [3] Nordic Countries [4] Landlocked African Nations Answers: Q.1: [2] | Q.2: [3] | Q.3: [3] | Q.4: [2]
Fitch upgrades Shriram Finance long term foreign currency ratings to BBB-
Source: BS Context: The upgrade of Shriram Finance (SFL) by Fitch Ratings to BBB- (Investment Grade) from BB+ is a significant milestone for India’s non-banking financial sector. This shift, occurring on April 14, 2026, is directly tied to a massive capital infusion from Japan’s MUFG Bank. Why the “BBB-” Rating Matters In the world of credit ratings, moving from BB+ to BBB- represents the leap from “Speculative” (Junk) grade to “Investment Grade.” Metric Pre-Infusion (BB+) Post-Infusion (BBB-) Category Speculative / High-Yield Investment Grade Debt-to-Equity 4.2x 2.5x Funding Access Standard NBFC channels Lower cost of funds; Global markets Short-Term IDR B F3 Strategic Impact & Synergy Fitch views SFL as a key growth vehicle for MUFG in India’s fast-growing SME and retail lending segments. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which global bank’s 20% stake acquisition triggered the Fitch rating upgrade for Shriram Finance? 2. To what specific rating did Fitch upgrade Shriram Finance’s Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR)? 3. What was the impact of the â‚ą40,000 crore capital infusion on Shriram Finance’s debt-to-tangible equity ratio? 4. According to Fitch, what is Shriram Finance’s core established local franchise segment? 5. How will MUFG Bank exercise shareholder oversight in Shriram Finance? Answers
Utkarsh 2029
Source: BL Context: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched its medium-term strategy, Utkarsh 2029, in April 2026. This roadmap governs the central bank’s priorities for the three-year period ending in March 2029, focusing on digital transformation, global leadership, and financial inclusion. The 6 Pillars of Utkarsh 2029 The strategy is built upon 49 specific deliverables categorized under these foundational pillars: Strategic High-Impact Projects Under this framework, the RBI is focusing on several high-tech initiatives: 1. Unified Lending Interface (ULI) Similar to how UPI transformed payments, ULI is designed to transform credit. It provides a “plug-and-play” digital architecture that allows for the seamless flow of data (land records, satellite data, etc.) from multiple providers to lenders. This reduces the time for credit appraisal, particularly for small farmers and rural borrowers. 2. Project Sa-Mudra This framework aims to overhaul the currency management system. It focuses on modernizing the logistics of physical currency distribution and management using advanced tracking and automated systems to ensure efficiency and security. 3. CBDC (Digital Rupee) & Global Expansion A primary goal is to scale the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). By using the Digital Rupee for cross-border transactions, the RBI aims to reduce the cost and time associated with international remittances. Additionally, the strategy pushes for the global acceptance of UPI, linking it with the fast-payment systems of other nations. 4. Indigenous AI & LLM The RBI plans to build its own Large Language Model (LLM). This AI tool will be used internally to enhance data analysis, regulatory supervision, and operational efficiency, ensuring that the central bank remains technologically sovereign. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. What is the primary focus of the ‘Unified Lending Interface (ULI)’ mentioned in Utkarsh 2029? 2. Which project under Utkarsh 2029 is specifically dedicated to the modernization of currency management? 3. How many ‘deliverables’ and ‘pillars’ form the core structure of Utkarsh 2029? 4. The RBI’s plan to develop an indigenous Large Language Model (LLM) is intended for: 5. What is a key objective of expanding the CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) under this strategy? Answers
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 14 April, 2026
Daily Current Affairs Quiz14 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. Habitat Shift of the Ganges River Dolphin (2026) Source: TNIE BACKGROUND CONCEPT The “Susu”: India’s National Aquatic Animal CONCEPT BUILDER Why the Habitat Shift is Alarming: MCQs Q.1) Why is the Ganges River Dolphin commonly referred to as the “Susu”? [1] It is a local term meaning “Guardian of the Water.” [2] It refers to the unique sound the dolphin makes when breathing. [3] It is the name of the first village where it was discovered in 1801. [4] It refers to the chocolate brown color of the dolphin calves. Q.2) Which of the following river systems is NOT a natural habitat for the Ganges River Dolphin? [1] Brahmaputra-Meghna [2] Karnaphuli-Sangu [3] Indus-Jhelum [4] Ganges-Son Q.3) Consider the following statements regarding the Ganges River Dolphin: Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [1] 1 and 2 only [2] 2 and 3 only [3] 1 and 3 only [4] 1, 2, and 3 Q.4) The recent migration of dolphins from the Chambal to the Yamuna confluence is primarily attributed to: [1] An increase in the population of prey fish in the Yamuna. [2] Drastic reduction in Chambal’s water flow below the 3-meter survival threshold. [3] A sudden rise in the water temperature of the Chambal River. [4] The implementation of a new dolphin safari project in the Yamuna. Q.5) How does low water level in rivers like the Chambal indirectly affect birds like the Indian Skimmer? [1] The birds lose their primary source of drinking water. [2] Land bridges allow land predators to reach and destroy island nesting sites. [3] The dolphins compete with the birds for the same nesting space. [4] The lack of water prevents the birds from cooling their feathers. [ANSWERS] Q.1: [2] | Q.2: [3] (The Indus has a separate species, the Indus River Dolphin) | Q.3: [2] (Status is Endangered, not Critically Endangered) | Q.4: [2] | Q.5: [2] 2. Arunachal Pradesh Context: In April 2026, China attempted to “standardize” names of locations in Arunachal Pradesh. India officially rejected this, calling it a mischievous attempt to manufacture baseless narratives. China claims Arunachal Pradesh as “Zangnan” (South Tibet), while India maintains it is an integral, inalienable part of the Indian Union. BACKGROUND CONCEPT The Border Dispute & The McMahon Line CONCEPT BUILDER Evolution of Arunachal Pradesh: Geographic and Strategic Importance: MCQs Q.1) What was Arunachal Pradesh administratively known as prior to becoming a Union Territory in 1972? [1] South Tibet Region [2] Eastern Himalaya Province [3] North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) [4] Brahmaputra Frontier Tract Q.2) China rejects the McMahon Line primarily because: [1] It was drawn using inaccurate satellite data. [2] It considers the 1914 Simla Convention an illegal colonial imposition. [3] The line passes through the middle of the Itanagar capital. [4] It excludes the Lohit River basin from Tibet. Q.3) Which of the following sites in Arunachal Pradesh is associated with 14th-century archaeological remains? [1] Tawang Monastery [2] Ita Fort [3] Namdapha National Park [4] Kalai-II Project site Q.4) Consider the following statements regarding the geography of Arunachal Pradesh: Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [1] 1 and 2 only [2] 2 and 3 only [3] 1 and 3 only [4] 1, 2, and 3 Q.5) In the context of the naming dispute, why does India reject China’s “standardization” of names in Arunachal Pradesh? [1] Because the names are written in a difficult script. [2] Because renaming is viewed as a mischievous attempt to manufacture baseless territorial claims. [3] Because India wants to rename Chinese cities in retaliation. [4] Because it violates the 1987 Statehood Act. [ANSWERS] Q.1: [3] | Q.2: [2] | Q.3: [2] | Q.4: [1] (Jhum is still a significant practice) | Q.5: [2] Banking/Finance 1. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) Source: News on Air Context: On April 11, 2026, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) celebrated its 10th anniversary. Since its pilot launch in 2016, it has matured from a bold experiment into the primary nervous system of India’s economy, setting an all-time high of 22.64 billion transactions in March 2026. What Makes UPI Unique? UPI is an instant, real-time payment system developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). It operates under the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Background Concept: Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) To truly understand UPI’s success, one must understand Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). DPI refers to blocks or platforms such as digital identification, payment infrastructure, and data exchange solutions that help countries deliver vital services to their people. Exam Angle: Common Trap Areas MCQ Q1) Which international body recognized UPI as the world’s largest real-time payment system by volume? [1] World Bank [2] WTO [3] IMF [4] ADB Q2) The “JAM Trinity” is the foundation of UPI. What does “M” stand for? [1] Money [2] Mobile [3] MUDRA [4] Management Q3) India’s UPI daily transaction volume recently surpassed which global giant? [1] Mastercard [2] Visa [3] PayPal [4] SWIFT Answers: Q1: [3], Q2: [2], Q3: [2] 2. RBI’s Stance on SFB to Universal Bank Conversion (Ujjivan & Jana) Source: Mint Context: On April 13, 2026, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) returned the universal banking license applications of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank and Jana Small Finance Bank. This move serves as a critical reminder that while the path to becoming a full-service bank is open, the regulatory bar for portfolio resilience remains exceptionally high. The “Return” Order The RBI’s decision centers on the qualitative evolution of the banks’ balance sheets rather than just quantitative milestones. BACKGROUND CONCEPT SFB vs. Universal Bank: The Transition Path MCQs Q.1) As per the recent RBI communication in April 2026, why was Ujjivan SFB’s application for a universal bank license returned? [1] Failure to maintain the minimum CRAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio). [2] High percentage of Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA). [3] Insufficient diversification of the loan portfolio. [4] Lack of a listed entity on the stock exchange. Q.2) What is the minimum net worth required for a
Reforming India’s Fertilizer Policy
Source: IE Context: The recent volatility in West Asia has served as a wake-up call for India’s agricultural sector. With a 70% import dependency for fertilizers and their feedstocks, India’s food security is currently tethered to global geopolitical stability. The Critical Numbers: A Fiscal and Environmental Snapshot The current subsidy regime has created a “perfect storm” of economic and ecological challenges. Parameter Data Detail Strategic Impact Import Dependency 70% (Includes finished products and raw materials) High vulnerability to maritime chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz. Urea Economics Domestic Price: <$70/t vs. Global Price: $795/t Massive arbitrage (over 10x) drives smuggling and industrial diversion. Efficiency Gap Granular Urea: 35-40% NUE 60% of applied urea is wasted, polluting air and groundwater. Climate Impact 273x potency Nitrous oxide from excess nitrogen is far more damaging than $CO_2$. The Current Framework: A Hybrid System India currently manages fertilizers through a dual-track approach that yields mixed results. Core Challenges: The Triple Burden The existing policy creates three primary categories of distress: The Path Forward: From Subsidy to Empowerment To secure “Fertilizer Sovereignty,” experts suggest a shift toward Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and technological innovation. MCQs Q.1) What is the primary reason for the low Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) of traditional granular urea in India? [1] High cost of application [2] Loss due to leaching and atmospheric volatilization [3] Lack of moisture in Indian soils [4] High moisture content in the urea bags Q.2) Which “Trinity” of data is essential for implementing the proposed ‘Direct Cash Transfer’ in fertilizer policy? [1] PAN, GST, and Land Records [2] Aadhaar, Bank Accounts (PM-KISAN), and Land Records [3] Soil Health Cards, Weather Data, and PDS IDs [4] KCC numbers, Satellite imagery, and Rainfall data Q.3) Why is Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) considered a better alternative to DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) in the current reform context? [1] It is cheaper to import from West Asia. [2] It saves on the 18% Nitrogen content found in DAP, reducing the urea subsidy burden. [3] It can be applied without using water. [4] It does not require a Point of Sale (PoS) verification. Answers: Q.1: [2] | Q.2: [2] | Q.3: [2]
Blue Revolution 2.0
Source: PIB Context: The Union Budget 2026-27 has signaled a major push for the integrated development of 500 reservoirs and Amrit Sarovars. Led by the Department of Fisheries, this initiative aims to transform India’s vast freshwater resources into high-productivity hubs, empowering fish farmers through technology and market access. INDIA’S POSITION IN GLOBAL FISHERIES India has undergone a massive transformation in its “Blue Economy” over the last decade. THE POWER OF RESERVOIRS Reservoirs are the “sleeping giants” of Indian fisheries, covering over 31.50 lakh hectares. CAGE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY The shift from traditional “capture” fishing to “culture” fishing in reservoirs is driven by cage technology. VALUE CHAINS & CLUSTERS To reach the ICAR-CIFRI vision of 300 kg per hectare, the government is moving away from isolated stocking to an “End-to-End” value chain approach. THE BLUE REVOLUTION (PMMSY) The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) is the flagship scheme driving these changes. It follows the “Cluster approach” to create economies of scale. CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. What is India’s global rank in both total fish production and aquaculture production? A) 1st B) 2nd C) 3rd D) 5th Q2. Which state in India has the maximum area covered by reservoirs? A) Jharkhand B) Tamil Nadu C) Madhya Pradesh D) Arunachal Pradesh Q3. What is the primary technology being used to increase fish productivity in large reservoirs like Chandil? A) Deep-sea Trawling B) Cage Culture Technology C) Bottom-set Gillnets D) Traditional Angling Q4. According to ICAR-CIFRI, what is the potential productivity goal for Indian reservoirs per hectare? A) 50 kg B) 100 kg C) 300 kg D) 1000 kg Answers: 1-B, 2-C, 3-B, 4-C
New BIS Security Standards for QR-Code & Digital Payments
Source: Mint Context: India is moving to position its QR (Quick Response) code-based payment system on the global stage. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has introduced fresh norms covering biometric authentication, QR code-based payments and digital currency security to reduce fraud risks and enhance interoperability according to two people aware of the development. BACKGROUND CONCEPT Understanding the Digital Payment Infrastructure CONCEPT BUILDER The Three Pillars of the 2026 Framework: MCQs (EXAM LEVEL) Q.1) Which of the following statements regarding the new BIS standards for digital payments is/are correct? [1] 1 only [2] 1 and 2 only [3] 2 and 3 only [4] 1, 2, and 3 Q.2) In the context of digital payments, what does “payment redirection” through QR codes refer to? [1] Sending a payment from a bank account to a digital wallet. [2] Routing a transaction through an international server. [3] Fraudulently diverting funds to an unauthorized account via a fake QR scan. [4] Automatically investing spare change from a transaction into stocks. Q.3) As of early 2026, which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as an active or upcoming market for India’s QR-based payment system? [1] Singapore [2] France [3] Japan [4] USA Q.4) The “cryptographic safeguards” mentioned in the new BIS norms are primarily intended to protect: [1] Physical currency notes from counterfeiting. [2] Digital currency infrastructure from cyber threats. [3] The physical locations of ATM machines. [4] The interest rates of short-term crop loans. Q.5) What is the primary reason for India tightening its digital payment security standards according to the Ministry of Consumer Affairs? [1] To increase the tax on digital transactions. [2] To make the Indian UPI system globally acceptable and build trust. [3] To discourage the use of physical cash entirely. [4] To reduce the number of banks operating in the country. [ANSWERS] Q.1: [2] (Statement 3 is incorrect; BIS issues them, not NPCI) Q.2: [3] Q.3: [4] Q.4: [2] Q.5: [2]
RBI’s Stance on SFB to Universal Bank Conversion (Ujjivan & Jana)
Source: Mint Context: On April 13, 2026, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) returned the universal banking license applications of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank and Jana Small Finance Bank. This move serves as a critical reminder that while the path to becoming a full-service bank is open, the regulatory bar for portfolio resilience remains exceptionally high. The “Return” Order The RBI’s decision centers on the qualitative evolution of the banks’ balance sheets rather than just quantitative milestones. BACKGROUND CONCEPT SFB vs. Universal Bank: The Transition Path MCQs Q.1) As per the recent RBI communication in April 2026, why was Ujjivan SFB’s application for a universal bank license returned? [1] Failure to maintain the minimum CRAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio). [2] High percentage of Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA). [3] Insufficient diversification of the loan portfolio. [4] Lack of a listed entity on the stock exchange. Q.2) What is the minimum net worth required for a Small Finance Bank to apply for conversion into a Universal Bank? [1] â‚ą200 crore [2] â‚ą500 crore [3] â‚ą1,000 crore [4] â‚ą2,000 crore Q.3) Which of the following Small Finance Banks has successfully received RBI approval to transition into a Universal Bank as of 2025-26? [1] Jana Small Finance Bank [2] AU Small Finance Bank [3] Equitas Small Finance Bank [4] Capital Small Finance Bank Q.4) Upon converting to a Universal Bank, the Priority Sector Lending (PSL) target for the entity would typically change from 75% to: [1] 50% [2] 40% [3] 60% [4] 25% Q.5) The “Diversification” mentioned by the RBI for Ujjivan and Jana SFBs primarily refers to reducing the dominance of which sector in their loan books? [1] Infrastructure lending [2] Unsecured Microfinance loans [3] Foreign exchange trading [4] Government securities [ANSWERS] Q.1: [3] | Q.2: [3] | Q.3: [2] | Q.4: [2] | Q.5: [2]
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
Source: News on Air Context: On April 11, 2026, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) celebrated its 10th anniversary. Since its pilot launch in 2016, it has matured from a bold experiment into the primary nervous system of India’s economy, setting an all-time high of 22.64 billion transactions in March 2026. What Makes UPI Unique? UPI is an instant, real-time payment system developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). It operates under the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Background Concept: Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) To truly understand UPI’s success, one must understand Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). DPI refers to blocks or platforms such as digital identification, payment infrastructure, and data exchange solutions that help countries deliver vital services to their people. Exam Angle: Common Trap Areas MCQ Q1) Which international body recognized UPI as the world’s largest real-time payment system by volume? [1] World Bank [2] WTO [3] IMF [4] ADB Q2) The “JAM Trinity” is the foundation of UPI. What does “M” stand for? [1] Money [2] Mobile [3] MUDRA [4] Management Q3) India’s UPI daily transaction volume recently surpassed which global giant? [1] Mastercard [2] Visa [3] PayPal [4] SWIFT Answers: Q1: [3], Q2: [2], Q3: [2]
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 12 & 13 April, 2026
Daily Current Affairs Quiz12 & 13 April, 2026 National Affairs 1. Womaniya Initiative Source: PIB Context: The Womaniya initiative, launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, is a transformative feature of the Government e-Marketplace (GeM). It aims to bridge the gap between women-led micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and the massive procurement needs of the Indian government. THE GEPC (GeM) ADVANTAGE Womaniya acts as a digital storefront specifically for women entrepreneurs, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and artisans. It allows them to sell directly to Central and State Ministries, Departments, and PSUs. KEY ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES To support micro-entrepreneurs who may not have advanced IT departments, Womaniya simplifies the complex world of government bidding. CHALLENGES: THE “LAST MILE” BARRIERS While the platform is ready, the users often face non-technical hurdles: CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. Under which Ministry was the “Womaniya” initiative launched on the GeM platform? A) Ministry of Women and Child Development B) Ministry of Finance C) Ministry of Commerce & Industry D) Ministry of MSME Q2. What is the current mandated procurement target for women-led MSEs, and what has Womaniya achieved? A) Target 3%; Achievement 5.6% B) Target 5%; Achievement 10% C) Target 1%; Achievement 3% D) Target 10%; Achievement 15% Q3. Which feature of Womaniya is most critical for micro-entrepreneurs with limited cash flow? A) International Shipping B) Time-Bound Payments C) Premium Membership D) Television Advertising Q4. As per the latest data, how many women have been mobilized into SHGs in India? A) 1 Crore B) 5.5 Crore C) 10.05 Crore D) 25 Crore Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C 2. The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025 Context: The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025, marks a historic overhaul of India’s higher education governance. By consolidating the powers of the three major regulators into a single apex body, the Bill seeks to fulfill the “Light but Tight” regulatory vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. THE NEW REGULATORY ARCHITECTURE The Bill replaces the fragmented system managed by the UGC (General Education), AICTE (Technical Education), and NCTE (Teacher Education) with a single Commission. The Three Specialized Verticals The Commission operates through three distinct councils to ensure a separation of powers: CORE SHIFTS IN GOVERNANCE WHY THE OVERHAUL? CONCEPTUAL MCQs FOR REVISION Q1. Which of the following existing bodies will be replaced by the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA)? A) SEBI, RBI, and IRDAI B) UGC, AICTE, and NCTE C) CSIR, ICAR, and ICMR D) UPSC, SSC, and NTA Q2. Which two sectors of education are EXEMPTED from the purview of the VBSA Bill, 2025? A) Engineering and Management B) Teacher Education and Vocational Training C) Legal and Medical Education D) Research and Agriculture Q3. Under the new Bill, which body holds the authority to allocate grants and funding to HEIs? A) The Regulatory Council B) The Standards Council C) The Ministry (Government) D) The Accreditation Council Q4. The “Separation of Funding” from the regulator is a recommendation of which policy? A) National Education Policy 1986 B) Right to Education Act 2009 C) National Education Policy 2020 D) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Answers: 1-B, 2-C, 3-C, 4-C 3. India Becomes World’s 3rd Largest Renewable Energy Power Source: HT Context: India has achieved a historic milestone in its energy transition, officially climbing to the 3rd position globally in installed renewable energy (RE) capacity. By surpassing Brazil, India now trails only behind China and the United States, cementing its status as a global green energy powerhouse. India Becomes World’s 3rd Largest Renewable Energy Power BACKGROUND CONCEPT Understanding India’s Energy Transition Goals CONCEPT BUILDER Composition of India’s Renewable Mix (as of March 31, 2026): New Climate Pledges (2031–2035 NDC Upgrade): MCQs (EXAM LEVEL – IMPROVISED) Q.1) Which of the following best describes the “Non-Fossil Fuel” installed capacity milestone achieved by India in June 2025? [1] India became the first country to reach 100% renewable energy generation. [2] Non-fossil sources contributed to over 50% of the actual electricity generated during the year. [3] Over 50% of India’s total power-producing infrastructure is now based on non-fossil sources. [4] India surpassed China to become the world’s largest renewable energy producer. Q.2) Consider the following components of India’s energy mix. Which of these is included in “Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity” but excluded from the “Renewable Energy Capacity” statistics provided by IRENA? [1] Large Hydropower [2] Biomass Energy [3] Nuclear Power [4] Off-shore Wind Energy Q.3) Regarding India’s updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for the 2031–2035 period, which statement is scientifically accurate? [1] India will completely stop the construction of coal-fired power plants by 2031. [2] The target for carbon sink creation has been set at 3.5 to 4 billion tonnes of $CO_2$ equivalent. [3] Emissions intensity will be reduced by 47% compared to 2025 levels. [4] Renewables must meet 100% of the peak electricity demand by 2035. Q.4) Despite having nearly 50% installed capacity from non-fossil sources, their share in actual electricity generation (FY 2025-26) was approximately 29.2%. What is the primary reason for this gap? [1] Most renewable energy plants were under maintenance during the year. [2] Export of renewable energy to neighboring countries like Nepal and Bhutan. [3] Intermittency of solar and wind energy and the higher capacity utilization factor of thermal power. [4] Lack of transmission lines to connect renewable clusters to the national grid. Q.5) India’s leap to the 3rd global rank in renewable capacity was facilitated by surpassing which country in 2026? [1] Germany [2] Brazil [3] Vietnam [4] Canada [ANSWERS] Q.1: [3] | Q.2: [3] | Q.3: [2] | Q.4: [3] | Q.5: [2] 4. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Source: TOI Context: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has recently made headlines by issuing a notice to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The notice concerns potential safety risks to users on the dating platform Gleeden, highlighting the Commission’s evolving role in protecting the “dignity and safety” of citizens in the digital age. FOUNDATION AND LEGAL STATUS The NHRC is not a constitutional
