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February 2025 — exam-ready facts
46 items from 2 days · NABARD Grade A · RBI Grade B · SEBI Grade A
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The month in numbers
February 2025 at a glance
2 daily compilations, 46 items across 6 topics — Facts To Remember weighed the most. Read the charts first: they tell you where this month's questions will come from.
2 daily compilations | 46 items covered | 6 topics | 0 data tables |
Items by topic | Items per day Darker = a heavier day. Two-day posts are split across their days. |
Where the items sat
Other exams 46 (100%)
Most mentioned this month
How many items each name appeared in. Know these cold.
GDP 4New Delhi 4European Commission 3Free Trade Agreement 3President Donald Trump 3Tamil Nadu 3GST 3United States 3
By the numbers
₹6,000 The National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013 delivered maternity benefits of ₹6,000 per child to every pregnant woma… Maternity Benefits in India · 27 February 2025 | 255% Coal dependence in India is still significant, the coal budget is up by 255% in the Union Budget of 2025-26. Regional Influence · 27 February 2025 |
₹50,000 At least a compensation of ₹50,000 to the family of the employee in the case of death. EPFO Central Board of Trustees Meeting · 28 February 2025 | ₹100 crore The ₹100 crore project intends to synergize all regulatory stakeholders (state regulators, custom, GST, manufacturer). Drug Export Reform · 28 February 2025 |
1
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Read only the topic name and try to recall the facts before you look.
2
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Pick one topic and write 150 words on it. That is what converts marks.
Scheme to knowPM POSHAN Scheme: Mid-Day Meal Renamed, Coverage, Cost Norms and FactsPM POSHAN (Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman) is the Centrally Sponsored Scheme, run by the Ministry of Education,…
Free sheet · Static GKCountries & Their Leaders 2026Who leads which country in 2026, with all 17 changes marked. Get the article and the PDF free on WhatsApp.Get it free on WhatsApp →International Affairs · 9
U.S. Ukraine Economic Deal
- Rare Earth Access The provision of U.S. access to rare earth materials within Ukraine strengthens the supply chain for all critical technologies, including defense, EV batteries, and semiconductors.
- The provision of U.S. access to rare earth materials within Ukraine strengthens the supply chain for all critical technologies, including defense, EV batteries, and semiconductors.
- Security guarantees would also provide assurance to investors and allies, thereby affecting reconstruction efforts in Ukraine.
- Why It Matters? Without firm U.S. military commitment, Ukraine's position in the war is made uncertain. Security guarantees would also provide assurance to investors and allies, thereby affecting reconstruction efforts in Ukraine. The absence of any commitment might lure Russia into thinking that it could act more aggressively and thus change NATO's strategic posture in Eastern Europe.
EU-India Relations
- The most recent negotiations launched in 2022 are stalled over disagreements concerning tariff levels on cars, wine, and spirits.
- Strategic Roadmap on EU India Relations (2020-2025) Updating their cooperation agenda, including Indo Pacific partnerships. Meetings among Ms. von der Leyen, Prime Minister Modi, Indian ministers, and industry stakeholders.
- The Focus Is on Ukraine This visit comes an important occasion, marking the 3rd anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and, concurrently, the 16th round of sanctions by the EU on Moscow.
- This visit comes an important occasion, marking the 3rd anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and, concurrently, the 16th round of sanctions by the EU on Moscow.
Carbon-Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) & Deforestation Regulation
- Next Higher Level Delegation Talk Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to raise these concerns with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during her February 27 28 visit to India.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to raise these concerns with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during her February 27 28 visit to India.
- Carbon Tax on Imports CBAM is a carbon tax for imports to the EU and is currently operating under a transitional phase with full implementation from January 1, 2026.
- CBAM is a carbon tax for imports to the EU and is currently operating under a transitional phase with full implementation from January 1, 2026.
Trump Proposes $5 Million 'Gold Card' Visa for Wealthy Immigrants
- Target Audience: Wealthy individuals like business owners and investors who create jobs in U.S. territory.
- Estimated Revenue: Trump's projection indicates up to 1 million card sales, resulting in $5 trillion revenue.
- Trump boasted personal branding opportunities, hinting that the gold card could be under his name.
- They are probable to be controversial among all immigration affecting hardliners and progressive critics.
Kremlin Considers No Negotiation on Annexed Ukrainian Regions
- Crimea was annexed in 2014 by Russia following a disputed referendum which nearly all other parts of Ukraine and the Western world rejected.
- In September 2022 Russia annexed four more regions, which had failed to control entirely when Russia's large invasion had already been initiated.
- Five contested Ukrainian regions, according to it, are currently ruled out by Russia from any negotiation: Crimea (2014), Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson (2022). A spokesman for the Kremlin, Dmitry Peskov, emphasized that all these territories have now become "an inseparable part" of Russia and have been declared "non negotiable".Part of Zaporizhzhia and Kherson remains under Ukrainian control though it has been claimed so by Russia.
- Advances of Ukraine Ukrainian forces have seized territory in Russia's Kursk region, thus heightening the tension further.
EU-India Relationships
- The European Parliament condemned the ethnic violence in Manipur (a Meitei versus Kuki Zo conflict).
- EU Concern about Democ Bangladesh might see a conversation about EU concerns over democracy and minority rights.
EU vs. Trump
- Political stakes EU elections may hold the key for more robust leaders in June 2025. Trump's Return: reshaping global alliances and the pivoting of Europe towards greater economy independence.
- EU elections may hold the key for more robust leaders in June 2025.
- He pledged to place a 25% tariff on all imports from the EU if elected again.
- The rift presages an imminent fracture in U.S. EU relations, echoes of the trade disputes of 2018 19.
Tariffs on Canada, China & Mexico by US
- President Donald Trump plans to impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico starting March 4, 2025, in addition to doubling the 10% universal tariff charged on imports from China.
- Canada & Mexico Tariffs levied on imports at 25% with 10% tax on Canadian energy products (oil & electricity).
- Tariffs levied on imports at 25% with 10% tax on Canadian energy products (oil & electricity).
- China Doubling the existing specialized 10% tariff on imports.
Trump's ‘Gold Card’ Immigration Plan
- American companies will buy these gold cards to recruit top Indian graduates from Harvard, Stanford, and other elite universities.
- Such a gold card will bulldoze the EB-5 immigrant investor visa program requiring job creating investment in American territory.
- Seen as an alternative to immemorial work permits, especially H-1B.
Test yourself · International Affairs
Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.
1. He pledged to place a ________ on all imports from the EU if elected again.
25% tariff EU vs. Trump · 28 February 2025
2. Inflation expectations were pushed up from ________ in February.
5.2% to 6% Tariffs on Canada, China & Mexico by US · 28 February 2025
3. ________: To comply by December 30, 2025.
Large & medium companies Carbon-Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBA… · 27 February 2025
4. In September 2022 ________, which had failed to control entirely when Russia's large invasion had already been initiated.
Russia annexed four more regions Kremlin Considers No Negotiation on Ann… · 28 February 2025
5. ________: Wealthy individuals like business owners and investors who create jobs in U.S. territory.
Target Audience Trump Proposes $5 Million 'Gold Card' V… · 27 February 2025
Results that speak
8 of the top 10 ranks in NABARD Grade A 2025 came from one classroom
Ranks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 on the final list, and 32 selections in all, prepared with C4S Courses (Clarity 4 Sure). The same descriptive training and the same current affairs notes you are reading now.
- 1Suraj Ravindra JatkarRank 1
- 2Lokesh Ram ChandranRank 2
- 3Vivek GhadgeRank 3
- 5Kapil PatlyaRank 5
- 6Mohit SoniRank 6
- 7Siddhant KesharwaniRank 7
- 8Nithin ChackoRank 8
- 9Lalit KumarRank 9
National Affairs · 9
Maternity Benefits in India
- The National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013 delivered maternity benefits of ₹6,000 per child to every pregnant woman in the unorganized sector.
- Severely underfunded, spending on PMMVY in 2023-24 came down to ₹870 crore, which is literally one third of PMMVY's expenditure five years ago.
- Shrinking Coverage, only 9% of pregnant women benefitted, at least in part, in 2023-24.
- Disbursement has been further stalled prompted through glitches in Aadhaar based payments, whereas 2023 24 further complicated things through software overhauls.
Disability Rights vs. DPDP Act, 2023
- National Trust Act (NT Act), 1999 Gives full guardianship for autistics, those with cerebral palsy, and others with intellectual disabilities.
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Act, 2016 This law pronounces limited guardianship and considers that persons with disabilities retain full decision making power with support.
- Survey by PACTA and Saksham Disability determined 27.4% of PwDs had legal guardians, but a majority also ran their own affairs, thereby limiting autonomy.
- Under Section 9(1) of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, adult PwDs have been equated with children and require guardian consent for personal data processing.Two Laws in Conflict: Activists argue that this violates the decision making rights of PwDs based on misconceived notions regarding guardianship.
Regional Influence
- Coal dependence in India is still significant, the coal budget is up by 255% in the Union Budget of 2025-26.
- Food security remains a topic of concern, as India ranks 105th out of 127 in the 2024 Global Hunger Index.
- Chhattisgarh: It's 19% during monsoon and 12.5% during winter of NO₂ pollution is coal related.
- For West Bengal & Madhya Pradesh: Crop yields in affected areas could increase by 5 10% through pollution abatement. Some areas would see >10% increase in yield.
Time Use Survey for 2024
- Time Spent on Learning (Per Person Daily) Urban Areas: 87 minutes (down from 95 minutes in 2019). Rural Areas: 90 minutes (down from 92 minutes in 2019).
- Data collected for individuals aged 6 years and above, covering 24 hour activity records.
- In 2024, rural areas used more time in learning when compared to urban areas.
- However, the total learning time decreased in both rural and urban areas vis vis 2019.
Delimitation
- The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) provided a moratorium of 25 years, up to 2000, on delimitation.
- 1951 Census: 494 Lok Sabha seats | Population: 36.1 crore (7.3 lakh people per seat)
- 1961 Census: 522 seats | Population: 43.9 crore (8.4 lakh per seat)
- 1971 Census: 543 seats | Population: 54.8 crore (10.1 lakh per seat)
EPFO Central Board of Trustees Meeting
- The basis for pro rata calculation is via Para 12 of the Employees' Pension Scheme (EPS) which gives its stamp of approval to balance between pensioners under wage ceilings and those enjoying higher wages.
- Current Standing Of higher pension applications filed, about 70% have been processed. Target: by March 31, 2025, completion of all applications.
- Of higher pension applications filed, about 70% have been processed.
- Proposed Changes At least a compensation of ₹50,000 to the family of the employee in the case of death. Greater compensation in the event of the death occurring within six months from joining.
Drug Export Reform
- Biosimilars New guidelines will replace the ones made in 2018, putting India in line with global marking.
- The number of NOCs granted will reduce from ~15,000 to 5,000 in a year to lessen the regulatory burden on exporters.
- Increased Inspections 905 inspections over two years have ensured compliances post approvals. Enhanced inspectorial glare after the Aveo case, a recent regulatory infringement incident.
- 905 inspections over two years have ensured compliances post approvals.
Bharat Ports Global
- Purpose Into bid for international port projects underlining India's role in global maritime trade. Members of the Consortium:
- Into bid for international port projects underlining India's role in global maritime trade. Members of the Consortium:
- International North South Transport Corridor (INSTC) – 7200 km long trade route linking India, Iran, Russia and Central Asia.
World's First Quantum Computing Chip- Ocelot
- Qubits: Five qubits act as data storage devices. Four additional qubits are for stabilizing and correcting errors.
- Inconceivably faster than normal computers, such phenomena are expected to change industries such as chemistry and health-care.
- Four additional qubits are for stabilizing and correcting errors.
- Error Correction: With the help of "cat qubits", computation errors can be minimized similar to that of the famous thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat. These errors should be due to heat, vibration, and electromagnetic interference.
Test yourself · National Affairs
Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.
1. ________ provided a moratorium of 25 years, up to 2000, on delimitation.
The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) Delimitation · 28 February 2025
2. ________ National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013 delivered maternity benefits of ₹6,000 per child to every pregnant woman in the unorganized sector.
The Maternity Benefits in India · 27 February 2025
3. Coal dependence in India is still significant, the coal budget is up by ________.
255% in the Union Budget of 2025-26 Regional Influence · 27 February 2025
4. Data collected for individuals ________, covering 24 hour activity records.
aged 6 years and above Time Use Survey for 2024 · 27 February 2025
5. Of higher pension applications filed, about ________.
70% have been processed EPFO Central Board of Trustees Meeting · 28 February 2025
Banking/Finance · 3
RBI Eased Risk Weights Norms on Commercial Bank Loans Extended to NBFCs
- The risk weight hike caused lending by banks to NBFCs to slow, and credit growth fell to 6.7% in 2024 (from 15% in 2023).
- YTD growth until December 2024 has been 4.8% (against 13.2% in the previous year).
- On Banks 9% of total banking credit is given to the NBFCs. Lowering risk weights frees capital for higher lending capacity.
- 9% of total banking credit is given to the NBFCs.
RBI Study on Government Expenditure
- Here are the changes in Capex over the years: the ratio of capital expenditure to GDP from 1.7% to 1.2% between 1991 96 has been downsized due to fiscal constraints.
- 2003-08: Increased to 2.2% of GDP following fiscal reforms.
- Between 2013-20, it range between 1.3% 1.6% of GDP as focus shifted in post global financial crisis scenario.
- Post 2020 Pandemic recovery measures led to an increase in Capex to reach by 4.6% during 2024 25 (Budget Estimate).
Banks to Stay Conservative on NBFC Lending
- Asset quality pressure shall become visible by FY26.
Economy · 4
UK-India Trade Deals
- Benefit for UK Insurance Companies FDI limits in insurance have been raised from 74 percent to 100 percent in India under the Union Budget 2024-25. The policy shift will open up the Indian market for British insurers to own and grow operations.
- There have been investments of more than £100 million from India for different countries, covering sectors including AI, professional services, and textiles in the UK.
- FDI limits in insurance have been raised from 74 percent to 100 percent in India under the Union Budget 2024-25.
- The policy shift will open up the Indian market for British insurers to own and grow operations.
India-Australia Economic Ties
- 90% of Australian exports to India would become free of tariffs by 2026 (up from 85% presently).
- Under the pact by 2026, ECTA also assured that 100% import into Australia from India would be tariff free (currently at 96%).
- Initially, AU exports to India increased by 35% in the first year of ECTA (excluding coal).
- A total of $2 billion of tariff savings for Australian business entities by December 2024.
Centre Seeks to Cut States' Tax Share
- The Commission's report will be binding and shall be submitted by October 31, 2025.
- A 1% reduction in States' share could give the Centre approximately ₹350 billion.
- Proposal to reduce the States' share from 41% to 40%. Central government stands to gain from ₹350 billion from this change. There could be political tussles over sharing of revenue.
- The Union Government plans to reduce the share of tax revenue allocated to States from 41% to 40%.The proposal will be sent to the Finance Commission (headed by Arvind Panagariya) for the recommendations.If approved, the change will be applicable from FY 2026-27.
Fiscal Deficit: IMF vs. Government Perspective
- Therefore, the IMF recommends India to bring down its central fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP, which includes a combined deficit (Centre + States) below 6%.
- Government says In capital expenditures done by state owned enterprises (SOEs), the earlier capital expenditure is found in the central budget, making it a difficult 3% target. Complete elimination of revenue deficit can compromise with economic growth.
- In capital expenditures done by state owned enterprises (SOEs), the earlier capital expenditure is found in the central budget, making it a difficult 3% target.
- Target to lower the debt to GDP ratio to 50% by FY31 (from 57.1% in FY25).
Test yourself · Economy
Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.
1. The Commission's report will be binding and shall be ________.
submitted by October 31, 2025 Centre Seeks to Cut States' Tax Share · 28 February 2025
2. There have been investments of more than ________ for different countries, covering sectors including AI, professional services, and textiles in the UK.
£100 million from India UK-India Trade Deals · 27 February 2025
3. In capital expenditures done by state owned enterprises (SOEs), the earlier capital expenditure is found in the central budget, making it a difficult ________.
3% target Fiscal Deficit: IMF vs. Government Pers… · 28 February 2025
4. ________ of tariff savings for Australian business entities by December 2024.
A total of $2 billion India-Australia Economic Ties · 27 February 2025
Agriculture · 3
Ethanol Blending with Petrol
- NITI Aayog Report (20% EBP Impact) Reduction of Carbon monoxide: 30% (Cars), 50% (Two Wheelers).
- Reduction of Carbon monoxide: 30% (Cars), 50% (Two Wheelers).
- The Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme was formulated to reduce oil imports, curb carbon emissions, and support farmers via grain based ethanol.Target Acceleration: Ethanol blending target was advanced by India from 2030 to 2025.Current Progress: As of 2024, the blend was at 15%, where 1,016 crore litres were required in ethanol to achieve the target for 2025 26.
- Depletion of Water Resources The water required for a single grain based ethanol factory would vary between 8 and 12 litres per one litre of ethanol produced. Groundwater is largely being extracted, particularly in regions of lean flow rivers such as the Krishna.
Roots Foundation's Project Parali
- Natural Resource Conservation Programme (NRCP) Water efficient techniques Direct Seeded Rice, Alternate Wetting and Drying. Safe pesticides and crop residue management. Improved farmer livelihoods since 2018, reaching into 10 lakh farmers.
- Improved farmer livelihoods since 2018, reaching into 10 lakh farmers.
- Women Empowerment Women led initiative with 80% of earned income reinvested into local communities.
- Women led initiative with 80% of earned income reinvested into local communities.
Microsoft AI-infused 'Project Farm Vibes'
- Crop Yields Enhanced Experimental plots with sugarcane increased weight by 30% to 40%, with a 20% increase in sucrose content.
- Experimental plots with sugarcane increased weight by 30% to 40%, with a 20% increase in sucrose content.
- Best Resource Utilization A 50% cut in water consumption through AI-directed irrigation. Less fertilizer application for appropriate spot fertilization. Less postharvest loss (by 12%).
- A 50% cut in water consumption through AI-directed irrigation.
Test yourself · Agriculture
Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.
1. Improved farmer livelihoods since 2018, reaching into ________.
10 lakh farmers Roots Foundation's Project Parali · 27 February 2025
2. ________: 30% (Cars), 50% (Two Wheelers).
Reduction of Carbon monoxide Ethanol Blending with Petrol · 27 February 2025
3. ________: Another AI app that measures soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and pH levels.
Farmvibes.AI Microsoft AI-infused 'Project Farm Vibe… · 27 February 2025
Facts To Remember · 7
In a first in India, bird flu detected in domestic cats
- The first cases of avian influenza virus (H5N1) in domestic cats in India has been reported from MP’s Chhindwara, raising concerns about the bird flu pathogen mutating and infecting humans.
WAVES summit in Mumbai to Be one of its kind: I&B Secretary Sanjay Jaju
- The Secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Sanjay Jaju has said that the WAVES summit to be held in Mumbai from the 1st to the 4th of May will be one of its kind summit where all the verticals of media and entertainment will get together.
Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurates Bharat Calling Conference 2025
- Union Minister of Commerce and Industries Piyush Goyal, today, inaugurated the Bharat Calling Conference 2025 in Mumbai.
Amazon unveils Ocelot, its first quantum computing chip
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) on Thursday has unveiled Ocelot, its first quantum computing chip, designed to reduce quantum error correction costs by up to 90%.
EPFO Retains 8.25% Interest Rate on EPF Deposits for 2024-25
- The Central Board of Trustees (CBT) of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has kept unchanged and recommended the same interest rate of 8.25 percent on employees’ provident fund (EPF) deposits for 2024-25. EPFO, which manages the EPF accounts of over seven crore subscribers, had increased the EPF interest rate from 8.15 percent in 2022-23 to 8.25 percent in 2023-24. The recommendation of the EPFO will be sent to the Union Ministry of Finance for approval.
WAVES Explorer Challenge invites creators to showcase India’s diversity through YouTube Shorts
- The World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit (WAVES) is offering an exciting opportunity to creators and storytellers through ‘WAVES Explorer Challenge’ to showcase their vision of India by making YouTube Shorts.
Union Ministers discuss trade, tech ties at 2nd India-EU TTC meeting
- External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar participated in the 2nd India – EU Trade and Technology Council meeting along with Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and Information Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in New Delhi today.
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