Clarity 4 Sure · Revision Sheet

September 2026 — exam-ready facts

562 items from 23 days · NABARD Grade A · RBI Grade B · SEBI Grade A

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The month in numbers

September 2026 at a glance

23 daily compilations, 563 items across 23 topics — Misc GA weighed the most. Read the charts first: they tell you where this month's questions will come from.

daily compilations

563

items covered

topics

data tables

Items by topic

Items per day

Darker = a heavier day. Two-day posts are split across their days.

Where the items sat

NABARD-specific 129 (23%)RBI-specific 64 (11%)Common to both 370 (66%)

Most mentioned this month

How many items each name appeared in. Know these cold.

New Delhi 29RBI 21GDP 11Tamil Nadu 11Uttar Pradesh 11RES 10UPI 10General Assembly 10Asian Games 10Indian Army 9Sri Lanka 9Indian Navy 8Indian Air Force 8UAE 8R&D 7Madhya Pradesh 7

By the numbers

₹20,050 crore Launched in 2020 with an outlay of ₹20,050 crore, it aims to promote sustainable and responsible fisheries development. PM Matsya Sampada Yojana Completes Six Years · 15 September 2026	₹25,000 The Expenditure Finance Committee cleared the hike to ₹25,000 in June 2026 The EPFO Wage Ceiling · 19 September 2026
3% The IMF's latest SSBIG report estimates medium-term G20 growth at only 3%, close to its weakest level since the frame… IMF G20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced and Inclusive Growth · 8 September 2026	64.5% Global Gender Gap Index 2026: India ranked 131st, with 64.5% parity. UN Gender Snapshot 2026 · 25 & 26 September 2026
7.1% The OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2026 raised India's FY27 GDP growth forecast to 7.1%, from 6.3% p… OECD Raises India's FY27 GDP Growth Forecast to 7.1% · 29 September 2026	8% India's Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grew 8% in August 2026, up from 7.35% in July 2026. Industrial Growth Rises to 8% in August 2026 · 29 September 2026
₹6,003.65 crore NQM has an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for 2023–24 to 2030–31. IISc Establishes FQCI under National Quantum Mission · 2 September 2026	₹5,070 crore Related: PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (rooftop solar), PM Surya Sarovar Yojana (floating solar, ₹5,070 crore, 5,00… PM-KUSUM 2.0 Likely to Be Announced Soon · 10 September 2026
₹500 crore The Chhattisgarh Cabinet approved the Chief Minister’s Startup and NIPUN Mission with a budget of ₹500 crore for five… Chhattisgarh Approves ₹500 Crore NIPUN Mission · 10 September 2026	₹20,804 crore The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved eight railway multitracking projects costing ₹20,804 crore. CCEA Approves Eight Railway Multitracking Projects Worth ₹20,804 Crore · 11 September 2026
₹565.50 crore Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Ministry of Rural Development, launched the Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3… DILRMP 3.0 Launched · 12 September 2026	₹2,400 crore RGM outlay: realigned for 2021-22 to 2025-26 with ₹2,400 crore, enhanced by ₹1,000 crore in March 2025, taking the to… Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Bovine Breeding · 13 & 14 September 2026

How to use this sheet

1 Cover the right column Read only the topic name and try to recall the facts before you look.

2 Mark what you missed Anything you could not recall is what the exam will find first.

3 Write one answer Pick one topic and write 150 words on it. That is what converts marks.

Scheme to knowIndia Conformity Assessment Scheme (i-CAS) Halal: Mandatory Certification for Meat ExportsThe India Conformity Assessment Scheme (i-CAS) Halal is a national certification scheme developed by the Quality…

Countries and Their Leaders 2026: Heads of State and Government (Updated 30 September 2026)

Free sheet · Static GKCountries & Their Leaders 2026Who leads which country in 2026, with all 17 changes marked. Get the article and the PDF free on WhatsApp.Get it free on WhatsApp →

Agriculture · 57

Hanging Glaciers

A study identified 219 hanging glaciers in Uttarakhand's Alaknanda basin, warning that warming and permafrost thaw are increasing break-off risks — potentially triggering ice-rock avalanches and outburst floods.
Glacial retreat: Warming causes trunk/valley glaciers to thin and retreat, disconnecting smaller tributary glaciers → leaving them perched high on mountain walls.
Thermal destabilisation: Rising temperatures thaw permafrost and basal ice, producing meltwater that lubricates the glacier–bedrock interface → making hanging glaciers unstable and prone to collapse.

NCDEX Launches RAINCHNNAI Weather Derivative

It covers the North-East/retreating monsoon during September–December.

ICAR-IIOR National Consultation on Oilseed Technology

ICAR–Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (ICAR-IIOR), Hyderabad will organise a national consultation on 10 September 2026.

Global Coral Reefs Under Stress: GCRMN Report

Global hard coral cover has declined by about 9.5% compared with the 1980–2009 reference period.
In 2024, around 87% of coral reefs experienced unprecedented heat stress.
In 2025, this figure was 27.4%.
Global hard coral cover declined by 8.9% between 2023 and 2024, the largest single-year relative decline recorded.

Pichavaram Mangroves: ₹2,485 Crore Economic Value

Study estimated the Total Economic Value (TEV) of Pichavaram mangroves at ₹2,485.38 crore.
Per-hectare value: ₹1.83 crore; soil organic carbon stock is 251.14 tonnes/ha.
Total blue carbon asset value: ₹1,612.40 crore, around 65% of total economic value.

UNCCD COP17 – Drought Resilience and Rangelands

17th Session of UNCCD COP17 was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, from 17–28 August 2026.
Coincided with the UN International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (IYRP 2026).
Next COP: Egypt will host UNCCD COP18 in 2028 at Sharm El-Sheikh.
Drought Resilience Investment Facility (DRIF) – aims to mobilise up to USD 400 million for drought resilience.

NABARD-IMD MoU on Climate-Resilient Agriculture via DiCRA

Web portals — for institutional users
Mobile interfaces — for farmers and field staff
APIs — allowing banks, insurers and agri-tech firms to pull data into their own systems
It served as the digital infrastructure for NABARD's National Climate Stack Innovation Challenge, where SatSure, EXPERIQS and VARSAPRADAYA built village-level climate risk tools on it

BIO-NIVESH

Fostering collaboration among innovators, investors, industry and government
Helping startups understand investors' expectations
And giving investors deeper insight into biotechnology's scientific, regulatory and development pathways

UNEP Limiting Overshoot Report

WMO estimates a 75% probability that the 2026–2030 average will exceed 1.5°C.
Food security: Food production could decline by up to 14% by 2050 without adequate adaptation.
Climate overshoot means global temperature temporarily exceeds 1.5°C, reaches a peak, and later declines.
Only around 130 GtCO₂ remains in the carbon budget for a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5°C.

Key Challenges	Way Forward
Debt stress: Climate disasters raise reconstruction costs and borrowing pressures in vulnerable countries.	Combine mitigation + adaptation: Treat both as complementary, not alternatives.
Carbon removal limits: DACCS and BECCS need significant energy, water and land; nature-based removal faces saturation and wildfire risks.	Accelerate renewables & fossil-fuel phase-down: Reduce dependence on fossil fuels rapidly.
Maladaptation: Poorly designed adaptation can increase environmental and social vulnerability.	Rapid methane reduction: Prioritise methane cuts because of its high short-term warming impact.
SIDS vulnerability: Tuvalu and Kiribati face sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion and loss of habitable land.	Strong MRV: Strengthen Measurement, Reporting and Verification for carbon-removal projects.
Heat stress: Rising humid heat threatens labour productivity and economic output.	Carbon removal as a supplement: It should complement, not replace, direct emission reductions.
	Climate-resilient infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure and plan retreat where unavoidable.
	Loss & Damage finance: Strengthen financial support for vulnerable developing countries.

Ophiopogon japonicus Recorded in India for the First Time

Recorded at an elevation of 2,185 metres in West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh
Documented by researchers from the Wildlife Institute of India (Dehradun) and the Uluberia Botanical Institute Herbarium, West Bengal
Described as a significant find highlighting the biodiversity of the Eastern Himalaya

Osbeckia ulotricha: New Plant Species Discovered in Western Ghats

It occurs in shola grasslands and montane ecosystems of Kerala and Tamil Nadu at around 1,200–1,500 metres elevation.
The discovery highlights the floral biodiversity and conservation importance of the Western Ghats.

IMF G20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, Balanced and Inclusive Growth

The IMF's latest SSBIG report estimates medium-term G20 growth at only 3%, close to its weakest level since the framework began in 2009.
Around half of G20 advanced economies face growth constraints because of restrictive labour, product or consumer-market regulations.
Nearly three-fourths of G20 emerging-market economies also face regulatory constraints.
The report stresses regulatory and institutional reforms to encourage private investment, public investment and long-term economic growth.

PACT Platform Launched for Zero-Emission Freight

NITI Aayog Member Rajiv Gauba launched the Platform for Aggregating Clean Transport (PACT) at the 5th e-FAST India Summit 2026.
The summit also introduced the ZET Marketplace, bringing together vehicle manufacturers, financiers, charging operators and freight stakeholders.
PACT aims to aggregate freight demand from shippers, Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) and other stakeholders.
It will help create deployment opportunities for zero-emission trucks across identified freight corridors.

High-Productivity Crop Diversification and Horticulture

Horticulture: 37 per cent of crop sub-sector gross value output; production 370.74 mt (2024-25) — vegetables 217.80, fruits 117.65, others 35.29
Walnut: 3.22 lakh tonnes (2024-25); exports $7.80 million; mainly from Jammu & Kashmir
Decadal agricultural growth: 4.45 per cent
India is second globally in fruits and vegetables; first in onions and shallots (22.42 per cent)

PM-KUSUM 2.0 Likely to Be Announced Soon

Related: PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (rooftop solar), PM Surya Sarovar Yojana (floating solar, ₹5,070 crore, 5,000 MW), National Solar Mission
PM-KUSUM launched 2019, under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; full form: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, launched 2019
India's solar capacity rose from about 3 GW (2016) to over 160 GW (mid-2026)

ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting Focuses on Food Security

The 9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry (AIMMAF) was held in New Delhi on 9 September 2026.

Dr. Karim Maredia Wins 2026 Borlaug CAST Communication Award

Dr. Karim Maredia, an Indian-American agricultural scientist, was named the winner of the Borlaug CAST Communication Award 2026.
Over more than 30 years, he has trained 15,000+ professionals from 80 countries and contributed extensively to agricultural knowledge and technology transfer.
The award honours communication and outreach in agricultural science and technology and is associated with the legacy of Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug.
He is Associate Dean and Director of the World Agriculture Center at Michigan State University.

UNCCD COP17

Established following the 1992 Rio Earth Summit
40 per cent of global land degraded; Mongolia 77 per cent
About 30 per cent of India's land is degraded (SAC-ISRO Atlas)
UNCCD — adopted Paris, 17 June 1994; one of the three Rio Conventions with the UNFCCC and CBD; the only legally binding agreement on land management; 197 Parties

9th Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2026

Observed from 9 September to 8 October 2026
Central theme: "Hamari Anganwadi Hamari Jimmedari" — calling on every citizen to take shared ownership of Anganwadi centres
Dietary diversity and adequate protein
Community ownership and accountability

Proposed Article 371(K) for Ladakh

Under the J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019, Ladakh was carved out as a Union Territory without a legislative assembly
ContextThe Ministry of Home Affairs proposed inserting a new constitutional provision — Article 371(K), as Chapter K under Part XXI — to establish a directly elected governing body with legislative powers for the Union Territory of Ladakh.
Providing a directly elected UT-level governing body with legislative authority over specified subjects

NIT Rourkela, ISRO-NRSC and Tea Board Sign MoU for CHAYANKAN

It will run from April 2026 to March 2029, with NIT Rourkela, ISRO-NRSC and Tea Board of India as key partners.
It will use satellite imagery, UAV hyperspectral data, ground observations and Artificial Intelligence.

Bihar Partners with UAE’s AIM Global Foundation to Set Up Food Processing Park

It can also connect farmers and local processors with international food supply chains.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Bovine Breeding

NLM — National Livestock Mission, since 2014-15, revised 2021-22; supports entrepreneurship, breed improvement and feed and fodder security
2009 — the world's first buffalo calf cloned using the Hand-guided Cloning Technique, at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
2025 — India's first cloned cattle, a Gir female calf named GANGA, produced at ICAR-NDRI using OPU for oocyte collection and SCNT for embryo reconstruction
RGM outlay: realigned for 2021-22 to 2025-26 with ₹2,400 crore, enhanced by ₹1,000 crore in March 2025, taking the total to ₹3,400 crore for the 15th Finance Commission cycle

ICAR-IVRI Produces Sahiwal Calves Through OPU-IVF-ET

Began in 2022–23, to strengthen the genetic potential of India's prized dairy breeds
Aim: standardise OPU–IVF–ET protocols under both farm and field conditions

Moth Bean

Cultivated on nearly 10 lakh hectares; yield about 350 kg per hectare
Survived a 35-day dry spell (3 August – 7 September 2026) in Kharif 2026
ContextFour newly developed moth bean varieties — CAZRI Moth-4, 5, 6 and 7 — by ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) demonstrated remarkable field resilience during an El Niño year in Kharif 2026, surviving a 35-day dry spell.
Thrives in low and erratic rainfall, poor sandy soils with low organic carbon and fertility, and temperatures exceeding 40°C

Schizopygopsis waddellii Recorded in India

In India, found in Pangkang Teng Tso Lake, at 12,800 feet, in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh

Grow Indigo Pays Farmers for Agricultural Carbon Credits

Reduced methane emissions by nearly 90%.
Agri-tech startup Grow Indigo has paid around 2,500 farmers ₹3,000–₹15,000 each for more than 57,000 agricultural carbon credits. The company made the payment from its own funds, even though the carbon credits have not yet been completely sold to buyers.
DSR: Rice seeds are directly sown in the field, avoiding the need to first grow seedlings in a nursery and then transplant them.
Carbon Credit: A tradable certificate representing the reduction or removal of a specified amount of greenhouse-gas emissions, generally 1 tonne of CO₂-equivalent.

Grass Mache Technique

Wular Lake in J&K is a Ramsar Site; Hokersar, Surinsar-Mansar and Tsomoriri are others in the region
Dal Lake is managed by the Lakes Conservation and Management Authority (LCMA), formerly LAWDA

Moth Bean

Varieties CAZRI Moth-4, 5, 6 and 7 survived a 35-day dry spell (3 August – 7 September 2026)
ContextFour newly developed moth bean varieties — CAZRI Moth-4, 5, 6 and 7 — by ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur demonstrated remarkable field-level resilience during an El Niño year in Kharif 2026.
Thrives in extremely low and erratic rainfall, poor sandy soils with low organic carbon and fertility, and ambient temperatures exceeding 40°C
Regional rainfall 150–250 mm; normal dry spells of 20–30 days

Ophiopogon japonicus Recorded for the First Time in India

Ophiopogon japonicus, an evergreen perennial herb, was recorded for the first time in India from West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh.
The species is mainly found in China, Japan and Korea, generally at elevations of 200–2,800 metres.

Badri Cattle

The first Badri calf through OPU-IVF was born 11 September 2026, from a Sahiwal surrogate, in a collaboration between ICAR-NDRI Karnal and GBPUAT Pantnagar, funded by the Uttarakhand Biotechnology Council, Haldi
The first cattle breed from Uttarakhand to be officially certified and registered by ICAR's NBAGR
The first Uttarakhand cattle breed registered by NBAGR

PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana Completes Seven Years

Launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
ContextOn 12 September 2026, the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY) completed seven years — a voluntary contributory pension scheme for the old-age social security of Small and Marginal Farmers (SMFs).
PM-KMY launched 2019; completed seven years on 12 September 2026
Offers eligible landholding SMFs a steady monthly pension from the age of 60

GOBARdhan Scheme Guidelines Rolled Out

Launched: 2018
ContextThe government notified detailed operational guidelines for the ₹23,731 crore GOBARdhan scheme, to develop India's compressed biogas (CBG) sector — assuring full offtake and introducing a pricing mechanism. The Cabinet approved the scheme last month.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti
Initially launched under: Swachh Bharat Mission–Grameen (SBM-G)

9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry

The 9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry (AIMMAF) was held in New Delhi on 9 September 2026.
India–ASEAN trade in goods reached USD 128 billion in FY2025–26.

Dryland Congress 2026 and Delhi Declaration on Drylands

The event also marked 50 years of the ICAR–ICRISAT partnership.
Dryland Congress 2026 concluded in New Delhi with the Delhi Declaration on Drylands (3D).

Mangrove GIS Portal Launched in Gujarat

Gujarat has restored 27,652 hectares of mangroves under MISHTI, against the 2023–27 target of 29,250 hectares.

New Amphibian Species ‘Gegeneophis chandgadi’ Discovered

The discovery takes the number of Gegeneophis species recorded in India to 12, with 11 endemic to the Western Ghats.

The Cheetah and Project Cheetah

Declared extinct in India in 1952; the last were reportedly shot in Koriya, present-day Chhattisgarh
Project Cheetah launched 17 September 2022 at Kuno, with 8 cheetahs from Namibia; 12 more from South Africa in February 2023
The fastest living terrestrial animal, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in about three seconds
Cheetah population: 52 — 49 at Kuno, 3 at Gandhi Sagar; 32 cubs born in India

Gegeneophis chandgadi

ZSI — Zoological Survey of India, established 1916, headquartered at Kolkata, under the MoEFCC
Described by the Zoological Survey of India and Savitribai Phule Pune University
Caecilians form the order Gymnophiona — the third order of amphibians, alongside Anura (frogs and toads) and Caudata/Urodela (salamanders and newts)
Notable: the species was found in a human-modified backyard, not pristine forest — showing agroecosystems free of pesticides can hold undescribed biodiversity

PM Vishwakarma Completes Three Years

ContextOn 17 September 2026, the PM Vishwakarma Scheme completed three years, reaching 30 lakh registrations. The Ministry of MSME marked the anniversary at the Dhono Dhanyo Auditorium, Kolkata, West Bengal.
PM Vishwakarma launched 17 September 2023, on Vishwakarma Jayanti; completed three years with 30 lakh registrations
Covers 18 traditional trades
Outlay: ₹13,000 crore for FY2023-24 to FY2027-28

Kishau Multipurpose Project Agreement Signed by Six States

The project is a National Project, with 90% funding by the Centre and 10% by the participating state
The 422 MW project will support water storage, irrigation and the rejuvenation of the Yamuna River.
A 232.6-metre-high concrete gravity dam will be built on the Tons River with 1,562 MCM storage capacity.

FAO Report: "Forests for Food"

1.8 billion people (23 per cent of the global population) relied primarily on woodfuel for cooking in 2022; 410 million depended on wood energy to boil and sterilise drinking water
Over 5 billion people depend to some extent on forests for livelihoods; forests generate up to 20 per cent of rural household income in several developing regions
In remote forest-dependent communities, wild forest foods supply up to 80 per cent of daily dietary protein and nearly half of total food mass by weight
Forests host pollinators supporting 35 per cent of global crop production; forested watersheds supply freshwater to over 85 per cent of the world's major cities

India's First Soil Carbon Payments

Initiated in 2019 to curb air pollution from paddy stubble burning in northwestern India and reverse groundwater depletion in the Indo-Gangetic plains
The first payment cycle covers carbon sequestered and emissions avoided between 2019 and 2022
ContextIndia's agricultural carbon market reached a milestone as 2,550+ small farmers in Punjab and Haryana received over ₹2.9 crore through DBT — India's first farm-level soil carbon payments for verified regenerative farming practices.
Rewarding smallholder farmers for regenerative, climate-smart agronomic practices

Stage	How It Works
1. Field Practice Adoption	Farmers adopt Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), minimum tillage, cover crops, and in-situ residue retention, replacing conventional transplanting and stubble burning.
2. Measurement, Reporting & Verification (MRV)	Soil carbon and GHG changes are tracked using satellite data, digital crop models, and periodic soil sampling.
3. Credit Issuance & Monetisation	Verified carbon credits are sold in the voluntary carbon market.
4. Farmer Payment	Farmers receive upfront payments or 75% of the net proceeds from carbon-credit sales.

The Bharat Vann Green Initiative

To rapidly establish self-sustaining, biodiverse green lungs in degraded or high-density urban spaces
Implemented by: the Enviro Creators Foundation

SPROUT Facility Inaugurated at BRIC-NIPGR

India's first genome-edited rice varieties — DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala) and Pusa DST Rice 1 — were released in 2025
BRIC — Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council, an autonomous body under the Department of Biotechnology, formed 2023 by merging 14 DBT institutes
NIPGR — established 1998; focuses on plant genomics
BioE3 Policy — approved 2024, promoting biomanufacturing and a high-performance bioeconomy

GOBARdhan Scheme Guidelines Issued for CBG Sector

The initial Administered CBG Price (ACP) is ₹2,110/MMBTU, approximately ₹98/kg, for at least 10 years up to 31 March 2036.
CBG purchase obligation for CGD companies has been fixed at 3% in FY27, 4% in FY28 and 5% from FY29 onwards.
MoPNG issued component-wise operational guidelines for the GOBARdhan Scheme to strengthen India’s Compressed Biogas (CBG) sector.

APEDA Signs MoU with InD Events Dubai to Strengthen Global Food Trade

APEDA was established in 1986 under the APEDA Act, 1985, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
India will be the Official Partner Country at Gulfood 2027 for the second consecutive year.
APEDA signed an MoU with InD Events Dubai, organiser of Gulfood, to expand global market opportunities for Indian agricultural and processed food exporters.
The partnership will support MSMEs, FPOs, startups, and women- and SC/ST-led exporters through better buyer linkages and market access.

MP Launches Swamitva Adhikar Abhilekh Nispadan Evam Panjiyan Yojana 2026

Madhya Pradesh launched the scheme to provide free registration of around 50 lakh rural properties across all 55 districts.
It aims to provide rural households with legal ownership documents and strengthen land-record formalisation.
The scheme provides registration without stamp duty or registration charges

Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve

Kani tribe — known for the Arogyapacha plant, the basis of India's first access and benefit-sharing model under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Nilgiri (1986) was India's first biosphere reserve
Notified by the Government of India in 2001
Inscribed in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves under the Man and the Biosphere Programme in 2016

Plant Family	Number of Taxa
Fabaceae	349
Rubiaceae	194
Poaceae	193
Orchidaceae	168

Climate-Resilient Water Management

Water is a State subject — Entry 17, List II; inter-state rivers are Entry 56, Union List; Article 262 governs disputes
India uses more groundwater than any other country; it supports about 60 per cent of irrigation and 85 per cent of rural drinking water
Key missions: Namami Gange, Jal Jeevan Mission, PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop), Swachh Bharat Mission, Atal Bhujal Yojana, Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain, Mission Amrit Sarovar

Hazaribagh as a Vulture Safe Habitat

India's vulture population fell over 95 per cent in three decades
Diclofenac banned for veterinary use in 2006; aceclofenac and ketoprofen banned in 2023; meloxicam is the safe alternative
Action Plan for Vulture Conservation 2020-25
Hazaribagh — on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, north-central Jharkhand; 400–450 vultures in a 100-km radius

Global Business Climate Survey 2026

First instituted in 2020; the 2026 edition is the largest to date
ContextIndia was ranked first in business climate among 41 global markets in the Global Business Climate Survey 2026, reflecting strong confidence among Swedish companies operating in India.
73 per cent of surveyed Swedish companies rated India's operating climate good or very good
Despite geopolitical shocks, 64 per cent of Swedish companies globally reported profitability

Neelakurinji

Statutory protection — S. kunthiana is listed under Schedule III of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; unlawful collection or destruction may attract imprisonment and fines
Added to Schedule III, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in 2024
Renowned for synchronised mass gregarious flowering every 12 years
Plietesial lifecycle and mast seeding — flowers synchronously after long vegetative cycles of 3 to 16 years (12 years for S. kunthiana), sets seed and dies

NABARD Launches RSVC-AMRIT

RSVC = RuTAGe Smart Village Centre
Connects rural needs → relevant innovations and technologies → implementation partners
Aims to identify suitable technological solutions for challenges faced in rural areas
Helps connect innovators and technology providers with rural development requirements

NABARD and IMD Sign MoU for Climate-Resilient Agriculture

The platform will provide useful weather and climate information to farmers, financial institutions, policymakers and researchers.

Afro-Asian Sand Snake Sighted in Kutch

First described by Forskål in 1775
IUCN: Least Concern; described by Forskål, 1775
Psammophis schokari — also called the Schokari Sand Racer, Forskål's Sand Snake or Sind Sand Snake
Kutch, Gujarat — India's largest district, containing the Great and Little Rann of Kutch, a salt marsh ecosystem

FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO 28)

India in FRA 2025: 9th in total forest area; 3rd in net annual gain; 82.74 mn ha, 25.17 per cent of geographical area
Brings together 128 member countries, ministers, heads of national forest services and partner agencies
COFO 28 — Rome; COFO is the highest FAO forestry body, meeting biennially, with 128 members
Bonn Challenge — launched 2011 by Germany and IUCN; target 350 million hectares globally by 2030

Test yourself · Agriculture

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. ________ by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

Launched in 2019 PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana Completes Seve… · 16 & 17 September 2026

2. Established following the ________

1992 Rio Earth Summit UNCCD COP17 · 11 September 2026

3. Global hard coral cover has declined by about 9.5% compared with the ________.

1980–2009 reference period Global Coral Reefs Under Stress: GCRMN … · 2 September 2026

4. WMO estimates a ________ that the 2026–2030 average will exceed 1.5°C.

75% probability UNEP Limiting Overshoot Report · 5 September 2026

5. The IMF's latest ________ estimates medium-term G20 growth at only 3%, close to its weakest level since the framework began in 2009.

SSBIG report IMF G20 Report on Strong, Sustainable, … · 8 September 2026

Results that speak

8 of the top 10 ranks in NABARD Grade A 2025 came from one classroom

Ranks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 on the final list, and 32 selections in all, prepared with C4S Courses (Clarity 4 Sure). The same descriptive training and the same current affairs notes you are reading now.

1Suraj Ravindra JatkarRank 1
2Lokesh Ram ChandranRank 2
3Vivek GhadgeRank 3
5Kapil PatlyaRank 5
6Mohit SoniRank 6
7Siddhant KesharwaniRank 7
8Nithin ChackoRank 8
9Lalit KumarRank 9

Join the same course → What is inside

C4S Courses in NABARD Grade A 2025: 8 of the top 10 ranks (Ranks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and 32 selections

Schemes · 36

Fisheries Infrastructure Projects under PMMSY

Fisheries infrastructure projects worth ₹36.49 crore will be launched in Puducherry.
Projects are under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).

Mission Rangeen Machhli 2031

The Vice-President of India released the Mission Rangeen Machhli 2031 Strategic Action Plan for Ornamental Fisheries Development, during a fisheries outreach programme at Agatti, Lakshadweep.
Livelihoods & Women Training fishers, youth and women SHGs in low-cost backyard ornamental fish rearing.
Training fishers, youth and women SHGs in low-cost backyard ornamental fish rearing.
Implementing body: Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying

Creating Intergenerational Bonding Initiative

It will initially cover 200 pilot schools through co-learning games, bilingual resources and teacher certification.
DoSJE signed an MoU with Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission.

Chhattisgarh Ranked First in Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari 3.0

Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain — launched 2019, under the Ministry of Jal Shakti
JSJB 3.0 — moved up to first nationally
Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari is the community-participation component, launched from Gujarat in 2024
Context Chhattisgarh secured the first position nationally in the third phase of Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB 3.0) — a community-driven water conservation programme under the Ministry of Jal Shakti's Catch the Rain campaign. Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai presented the state's model at a national summit in New Delhi, in the presence of the Prime Minister.

Melghat and Pench Tiger Reserves: Successful Vulture Reintroduction

Vultures are important scavengers that help maintain ecosystem cleanliness and control disease spread.

9th Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2026

The 9th Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2026 is being launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in Varanasi.
It is linked with Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0.

Skill Manthan on Women’s Livelihoods

The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) organised the virtual inaugural session of Skill Manthan on 9 September 2026.

Chhattisgarh Approves ₹500 Crore NIPUN Mission

The Chhattisgarh Cabinet approved the Chief Minister’s Startup and NIPUN Mission with a budget of ₹500 crore for five years.
The mission aims to promote startups, entrepreneurship and skill development in the State.
It seeks to create greater opportunities for young people and entrepreneurs.

PM-SETU Approves ₹735.70 Crore for Three ITI Clusters

The 5th National Steering Committee meeting under PM-SETU approved investments worth ₹735.70 crore for three ITI clusters.
The latest approvals take the total sanctioned investment under PM-SETU to ₹2,171 crore across 9 ITI clusters.
The approved investments are ₹241 crore for Rajasthan, ₹254.30 crore for Telangana and ₹240.40 crore for Uttar Pradesh.
The clusters are located in Bhiwadi (Rajasthan), Medchal (Telangana) and Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).

Mukhyamantri Yuva Bhavishya Nirman Yojana

The first phase will provide free coaching to 11,000 students.
It covers examinations such as UPSC, State PSC, SSC, Railways, Banking, Defence, NET, GATE, CAT and MAT.
Eligible students include those from government and government-aided institutions, state universities and recent graduates/postgraduates.
Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami launched the scheme to provide free online coaching and study resources for competitive examinations.

CCEA Approves Eight Railway Multitracking Projects Worth ₹20,804 Crore

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved eight railway multitracking projects costing ₹20,804 crore.
Five projects worth ₹10,021 crore will cover Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana.
Three projects worth ₹10,783 crore will cover West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, adding about 656 km to the railway network.
The projects cover 31 districts across nine states.

DILRMP 3.0 Launched

ContextUnion Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Ministry of Rural Development, launched the Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0 — a Central Sector Scheme with an outlay of ₹565.50 crore for 2026–2031 — at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
A 14-digit unique identifier for every land parcel in the country
Upgradation of 75 high-footfall Sub-Registrar Offices

NSO Releases First-Ever District-Level Estimates of the Unincorporated Non-Agricultural Sector

Telangana — Rangareddy, 23.53 per cent
Gujarat — Surat, 19.43 per cent
West Bengal — North 24 Parganas, 15.99 per cent
Punjab — Ludhiana, 14.74 per cent

SKUAST-K Develops Aromatic Rice Variety for Kashmir

Development began in 2021; certified seed distributed to farmers in 2024
A GI tag identifies goods originating from a defined territory with qualities attributable to that origin, under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
Basmati GI covers Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, 30 districts of western UP, and Jammu, Kathua and Samba in J&K
Basmati GI was registered in 2016, held by APEDA; it is a registered GI, and Pakistan has contested India's claim in the EU

Ladakh Glacial Water Initiative

Officials identified a Stok village nallah, fed by the Stok Kangri Glacier, carrying nearly 90 million litres of water daily.
The initiative now provides irrigation to more than 1,000 acres across 12 villages, demonstrating community-led water management.

NIT Rourkela, ISRO-NRSC and Tea Board's CHAYANKAN Project

The three-year project will run from April 2026 to March 2029
It combines satellite imagery, UAV-based hyperspectral data and ground observations.

Uttarakhand Service Sankalp Campaign

Uttarakhand will conduct the Service Sankalp campaign from 17 September to 17 October 2026.
It is relevant from the perspective of state-level governance and citizen-centric administration.

Amended BharatNet Programme in Jharkhand

The Government of India has approved ₹1,684 crore for the programme.
It will cover 4,395 Gram Panchayats and provide demand-based connectivity to around 26,777 villages.

PM Matsya Sampada Yojana Completes Six Years

Launched in 2020 with an outlay of ₹20,050 crore, it aims to promote sustainable and responsible fisheries development.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) completed six years on 10 September 2026.
The scheme was initially planned for FY2020–21 to FY2024–25 and was later extended through FY2025–26.
It is implemented by the Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying and has Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Scheme components.

Chhattisgarh CM Startup and NIPUN Mission

The Chhattisgarh Cabinet approved the CM Startup and New-Age Industry Preparedness through Up-skilling of New Generation Youth (NIPUN) Mission with an outlay of ₹500 crore for five years.
It will establish Entrepreneurship Development Centres in all 33 districts.
The mission will create 5 Centres of Excellence and 100 Emerging Technology Labs covering AI, Internet of Things, Big Data and Blockchain.

Pension Sakhi Initiative for Rural Pension Coverage

The initiative will use the women-led DAY-NRLM network, including BC Sakhis and community resource persons.
Pension Sakhis will assist rural women, SHG members, Lakhpati Didis and other underserved groups with pension enrolment and financial literacy.

Uttar Pradesh Mukhyamantri Krishak Samriddhi Yojana

Loans of up to ₹6 lakh will be available at an interest rate of 6%.
The UP Cabinet approved concessional long-term loans for small and marginal farmers through the Uttar Pradesh Sahkari Gram Vikas Bank.

Swachhata Hi Seva 2026 Campaign Launched

The Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) 2026 campaign was launched on 17 September 2026 by MoHUA and DDWS.
The campaign will continue from 17 September to 2 October 2026, culminating on Gandhi Jayanti.
Five pillars include Clean Public Places, Swachh Paathshala, SafaiMitra Suraksha Evam Samman, Jan Bhagidari and Swachhata Se Samriddhi.

Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan Partnership Extended

NMBA was launched in 2020 by DoSJE.
The partnership focuses on substance-abuse prevention, awareness, community mobilisation and reducing stigma.

EMRS Smart Classrooms and Computer Labs in Rajasthan

NSTFDC and HPCL signed an MoU to establish integrated computer labs and smart classrooms in 29 EMRSs across Rajasthan.
The ₹16.01 crore project will benefit more than 10,000 Scheduled Tribe students annually.
The project covers 11 districts and is expected to be completed within six months.
Each school will receive four smart classrooms, computer labs and 10 tablets with competitive-exam content.

U.P. Launches Mukhyamantri Krishak Samriddhi Yojana

The interest rate on loans through the Uttar Pradesh Cooperative Gramya Vikas Bank has been reduced from 11% to 6%.
Uttar Pradesh launched the Mukhyamantri Krishak Samriddhi Yojana to provide cheaper agricultural credit to farmers.
The scheme aims to reduce the interest burden on farmers and improve access to institutional credit.

Swachh Seva Aankalan Launched for Rural Sanitation

The Ministry of Jal Shakti launched Swachh Seva Aankalan (SSA) under Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen 2.0.

PM Gram Sadak Yojana-4 Launched in Madhya Pradesh

The programme included the foundation stone for 36 roads approved under the scheme.
Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched PMGSY-4 in Ichhawar, Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to eligible rural habitations.

Livestock Insurance Portal

It is relevant to livestock farmers, who face financial losses from the death or loss of insured animals.

Dhanuka Agritech Launches ‘Polin’ Fungicide for Paddy

The recommended application mentioned is 100 ml per acre in 200 litres of water, with application at the first signs of infection during critical crop-growth stages.
Its longer protection period can reduce the frequency of spraying, potentially lowering labour and chemical costs for rice farmers.

NABARD Opens ‘Experience Centre’ in Mumbai

Interactive exhibits allow visitors to explore NABARD-supported projects, schemes and interventions.

Pashudhan Bima Portal Launched

Premium subsidy: the beneficiary share was reduced to 15 per cent, with the remainder shared by the Centre and States — on a 60:40 basis for most states, 90:10 for NE and Himalayan states, and 100 per cent for UTs
India is the world's largest milk producer, contributing about 24 per cent of global output
Bharat Pashudhan — the digital database assigning a unique 12-digit ID to each animal, used for traceability and scheme delivery
Farmers can submit insurance applications online, with the entire process monitored digitally

The UN Declaration on Sea Level Rise

ContextAt the 81st UN General Assembly, world leaders adopted the UN Declaration on Sea Level Rise by consensus — addressing threats to the sovereignty, legal rights and survival of low-lying coastal nations and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
Adopted under UNGA Decision 78/558, co-facilitated by Australia and Cabo Verde
Presumption of continued statehood — sovereign statehood, legal personality and UN membership remain intact even if territory is submerged
Protection of affected persons — populations displaced across borders retain protections under international human rights law, preserving nationality, dignity and the right to self-determination

JICA-Supported Effective Forest Management Project

The project will run from 2025–26 to 2031–32 and focuses on improving the capacity of frontline forest personnel.
The project has a total outlay of ₹537.10 crore, including ₹440.42 crore from JICA and ₹96.68 crore from the Government of India.
It covers sustainable forest management, wildlife management, climate challenges, training and research.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched the Capacity Enhancement for Effective Forest Management Project with support from JICA.

DDU-GKY Completes 12 Years of Rural Skill Development

DDU-GKY 2.0, notified in May 2025, increased the minimum placement duration from 3 months to 6 months and also covers wage, self-employment and gig employment.
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) was launched on 25 September 2014 under DAY-NRLM.
It provides placement-linked skill training to rural youth from poor households, mainly in the 15–35 years age group.
Since launch, over 18.47 lakh candidates have been trained and more than 12.43 lakh placed.

Arogya Manthan 2026

Arogya Manthan 2026 was organised by the National Health Authority (NHA) to mark 8 years of AB PM-JAY and 5 years of ABDM.
New initiatives included the National Healthcare Providers Registry Mobile App, NHCX Implementation Guide and a Secure Data Environment framework.

Test yourself · Schemes

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Launched in ________ with an outlay of ₹20,050 crore, it aims to promote sustainable and responsible fisheries development.

2020 PM Matsya Sampada Yojana Completes Six … · 15 September 2026

2. ________ was organised by the National Health Authority (NHA) to mark 8 years of AB PM-JAY and 5 years of ABDM.

Arogya Manthan 2026 Arogya Manthan 2026 · 30 September 2026

3. The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) organised the virtual inaugural session of ________ on 9 September 2026.

Skill Manthan Skill Manthan on Women’s Livelihoods · 10 September 2026

4. The ________ under PM-SETU approved investments worth ₹735.70 crore for three ITI clusters.

5th National Steering Committee meeting PM-SETU Approves ₹735.70 Crore for Thre… · 10 September 2026

5. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved eight railway multitracking projects costing ________.

₹20,804 crore CCEA Approves Eight Railway Multitracki… · 11 September 2026

Reports/Articles · 10

Ease of Doing R&D in India — NITI Aayog

Nearly 80% of ANRF funding is concentrated in IITs.
Proposed UPMS requires robust Persistent Digital Identifiers (PIDs) and metadata infrastructure.

4th Indo-German Environment Forum

The 4th Indo-German Environment Forum is being held in New Delhi on 1 September 2026.

India’s Nuclear Warheads Estimated at 190

International assessments estimate that India possessed around 190 nuclear warheads in 2026.
India maintains a policy of credible minimum deterrence and No First Use.

DFPD–FCI MoU for Modernisation of Foodgrain Management

The Department of Food & Public Distribution (DFPD) and Food Corporation of India (FCI) signed an MoU for FY 2026–27.

MoSPI Launches QPR Portal for Data Harmonisation

The Quarterly Progress Report (QPR) Portal on Data Harmonisation was launched by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

79th WHO Regional Committee Session for South-East Asia

The 79th WHO Regional Committee Session was held from 7–10 September 2026 in Dili, Timor-Leste.

PLFS Monthly Bulletin – August 2026

The overall unemployment rate (UR) for persons aged 15 years and above declined from 5.1% in July to 5.0% in August 2026.
The Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased from 55.4% to 55.6%.
The Worker Population Ratio (WPR) increased from 52.5% to 52.8%.
The National Statistics Office (NSO) released the 17th PLFS Monthly Bulletin covering August 2026.

NITI Aayog Releases 9th Trade Watch Quarterly

Global goods trade reached USD 13.7 trillion in H1 2026, growing 12.5% year-on-year.
India’s merchandise and services trade reached USD 506.9 billion in Q1 FY27, registering 15.5% growth.
India’s merchandise exports rose 16% to USD 129.5 billion, while imports increased 19.8% to USD 216.1 billion, resulting in an USD 86.6 billion merchandise trade deficit.
NITI Aayog released the 9th edition of Trade Watch Quarterly (TWQ) focusing on Metals and Ores Trade for Q1 FY27.

WEF Travel and Tourism Development Index 2026

Originally the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), published biennially from 2007 to 2019
ContextThe World Economic Forum released the 10th edition of the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) 2026. India jumped 9 places to 31st, with an overall score of 4.42.
Relaunched in 2022 in its current form
The 2026 edition was prepared with the Zurich Insurance Group

Rank	Country	Score
1	Japan	5.27
2	United States	—
3	Spain	—
4	Australia	—
5	France	—

OECD Raises India's FY27 GDP Growth Forecast to 7.1%

The OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2026 raised India's FY27 GDP growth forecast to 7.1%, from 6.3% projected earlier.
India's growth is projected to moderate to 6.5% in FY28.
India's inflation is projected at 4.7% in FY27 and 4.2% in FY28.

Banking and Finance · 60

India’s Forex Reserves Hit Record High

About $47 billion was added after RBI’s swap scheme announced on 5 June.
India’s foreign exchange reserves reached an all-time high of $729.3 billion.
Reserves provide approximately 11 months of import cover.

The Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

Aim: build a seamless, interoperable, cashless ecosystem; bring unbanked and underbanked populations into formal digital finance; and enable friction-free person-to-person (P2P) and person-to-merchant (P2M) settlement.
Launched: piloted in April 2016 with 21 banks, under then-RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan — now expanding to over 730 participating banks
UPI cemented its role as the backbone of India's digital economy, processing 2,366 crore transactions worth nearly ₹30 lakh crore in July 2026 alone.
A real-time interoperable payment system enabling instantaneous inter-bank fund transfers through mobile applications

SBI Research Raises FY27 GDP Forecast

SBI Research raised India’s FY27 GDP growth forecast from 6.6% to 7.3%.
India recorded 7.8% real GDP growth in Q1 FY27.
Q2, Q3 and Q4 growth estimates: 7.3%, 7.2% and 6.9%, respectively.

PhonePe Launches UPI 123Pay for Feature Phones

PhonePe launched UPI 123Pay to enable UPI payments on feature phones without internet access.
It uses an SMS-based architecture suitable for low/2G connectivity.
Supports P2P and P2M payments, balance checks and transaction history.
Includes an AI-powered voice helpline in English and 12 Indian languages.

India Post Payments Bank – 9th Foundation Day

As of 31 March 2026: Customer base: 13.25 crore Rural customers: 77% Women customers: 49% Customer deposits: ₹29,104 crore
Customer base: 13.25 crore
Rural customers: 77%
Women customers: 49%

LIC Launches Bima Platinum and Jeevan Raksha

LIC Bima Platinum – Plan 770 Savings + protection plan. Minimum Basic Sum Assured: ₹3 lakh.
Minimum Basic Sum Assured: ₹3 lakh.
LIC Jeevan Raksha – Plan 894 Pure-risk insurance plan. Basic Sum Assured: ₹5–24 lakh.
Basic Sum Assured: ₹5–24 lakh.

InsuranceDekho–RenewBuy Merger

Platform offers: 750+ insurance products 52 insurers Motor, health, life, travel and commercial insurance.
Premium book: ₹6,600+ crore.
750+ insurance products

The Public Insurance Registry (PIR)

Under the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Act, 2025
IRDAI — established under the IRDA Act, 1999, headquartered at Hyderabad
IRDAI issued a consultation paper proposing a Public Insurance Registry (PIR) — conceived as Digital Public Infrastructure under the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Act, 2025.
Participants: insurers, reinsurers, intermediaries, policyholders, financial institutions, government departments and research institutions

SEBI Grants Category I Merchant Banking Licence to Zerodha

Minimum net worth: ₹50 crore — raised from the earlier ₹5 crore
Minimum net worth: ₹10 crore
Objective: diversify beyond broking into advisory and capital-raising services
Business capped at 20 times liquid net worth

Carol Kripanayana Furtado: Interim CEO of Ujjivan SFB

She succeeded Sanjeev Nautiyal, who resigned on 31 August 2026.
RBI approved Carol Kripanayana Furtado as interim MD & CEO of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank.

Axis Bank–Scapia Co-branded Credit Card

Offers travel rewards and benefits through the Scapia app.
Targets digitally native and travel-focused consumers.
Axis Bank and Scapia launched the Scapia Axis Bank Credit Card.

ICICI Bank Increases Stake in ICICI Prudential Life

ICICI Bank acquired an additional 2% stake in ICICI Prudential Life Insurance.
ICICI Bank’s holding increased to around 52.8%.
Transaction value: approximately ₹1,470 crore.

The Offline Verification Seeking Entity (OVSE) Framework

Prevent identity fraud across sectors
Nodal body: UIDAI, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

LIC Gets RBI Approval to Acquire Stake in ICICI Bank

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) to acquire a stake in ICICI Bank.

SEBI–ESMA MoU on Central Counterparties

The agreement replaces the earlier 2017 MoU.
It provides for information sharing and supervisory cooperation between Indian and European regulators.
A CCP acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers and helps manage counterparty risk.
SEBI and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) signed an MoU to strengthen cooperation regarding Central Counterparties (CCPs).

Razorpay–IndusInd Bank Launch ‘RAY’

The platform has already recorded more than 20,000 conversations.
Razorpay and IndusInd Bank launched RAY, an AI-based conversational account manager on WhatsApp.

FATF Report on Tech-Driven Hawala Networks

Nearly 70% of surveyed jurisdictions reported the use of new technologies in underground banking and hawala-type networks.

LIC Gets RBI Approval to Acquire Up to 9.99% in ICICI Bank

The Reserve Bank of India approved Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) acquiring up to 9.99% of the paid-up share capital or voting rights of ICICI Bank.
LIC already held around 4.35% of ICICI Bank as of Q1 FY27.
LIC must acquire the approved stake within one year from September 4, 2026, otherwise the approval will lapse.

Coastal Local Area Bank Gets Scheduled Bank Status

The RBI included Coastal Local Area Bank Limited, based in Vijayawada, in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934.
Coastal Local Area Bank was India’s first Local Area Bank (LAB).
This gives the bank the status of a Scheduled Bank.
Despite the new status, it will continue to operate as a Local Area Bank.

ADB Signs First Transaction Advisory Services Mandate in India with Madhya Pradesh

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed its first Transaction Advisory Services (TAS) mandate in India with the Madhya Pradesh Government on 7 September 2026.
The objective is to develop renewable-energy projects through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).
The projects could attract up to US$1 billion in private investment.

Bandhan Bank and Mastercard Launch Four-Tier Credit Card Portfolio

Customers can apply through digital channels as well as bank branches.
Bandhan Bank and Mastercard launched a four-tier credit card portfolio.
The initiative aims to expand Bandhan Bank’s presence in the retail credit-card segment.

Ministry of Finance Secures US$1 Billion IFC Funding for MSME Credit

The Ministry of Finance secured US$1 billion in funding support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) to strengthen long-term credit availability for MSMEs.
US$500 million has already been provided to SIDBI, while another US$500 million will come through a lender syndicate.
SIDBI can provide on-lending for up to seven years.
Key beneficiary sectors include automobiles, engineering, electronics, textiles and food processing.

RBI Approves Payment Aggregator and Bank Stake Proposals

RBI also approved ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company acquiring up to 9.95% of the paid-up share capital or voting rights of CSB Bank.

Niyo Gets GIFT City Licence for Cross-Border Financial Services

Its planned services will cover areas such as overseas education, employment, global spending and cross-border money movement.

SEBI Launches Demat 2.0

India introduced Demat 1.0 in 1996, which converted physical securities into electronic form.
Demat 1.0 = Paper shares → Digital shares
Demat 2.0 = Digital bonds → Tokenised bonds + Digital money settlement

NIPL and FOMO Pay Partner to Enable UPI QR Payments in Singapore

Singapore merchants will receive settlement in Singapore Dollars, supporting seamless cross-border payments.
Resorts World Sentosa is among the first merchant partners under the initiative.

NIPL and FOMO Pay Partner to Enable UPI QR Payments in Singapore

Singapore merchants will receive settlement in Singapore Dollars, supporting seamless cross-border payments.
Resorts World Sentosa is among the first merchant partners under the initiative.

RBI Grants Payment Aggregator Licence to Pluxee India

Pluxee already holds a Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) licence, issued in 2009.

Axis Bank's Sparsh Week 2026

Axis Bank conducted the 4th edition of Sparsh Week from 7–11 September 2026.
The 2026 theme was “Act with Speed.”
The initiative aims to conduct more than 2.5 lakh customer interactions across India.

The Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 2026

ContextThe Central Government notified that the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 2026 — which received Presidential assent on 13 August 2026 — will come into force from 1 October 2026.
It replaces a 135-year-old law — the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
Without requiring production of original physical registers
Technology-neutral recognition — covers physical ledgers, electronic media, digital entries, virtual environments and cloud storage systems

SEBI Proposes Changes to Closing Auction Session Framework

Order Cancellation Restriction Orders within ±1% of the reference price can be cancelled. Orders beyond 1% and up to 3% cannot be cancelled, but can be modified to improve their price.
Orders within ±1% of the reference price can be cancelled.
Orders beyond 1% and up to 3% cannot be cancelled, but can be modified to improve their price.
Option 1: Use a blended VWAP from the last 30 minutes of continuous trading + 10-minute CAS.

India’s Forex Reserves Reach Record $785.7 Billion

India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by a record $44.9 billion in the week ended 4 September 2026.
Reserves have increased by more than $100 billion since 5 June, when the concessional swap scheme was announced.
Total reserves reached $785.7 billion, making India the fourth-largest holder of forex reserves globally, according to the source.
FCNR(B) flows reached about $127 billion, higher than expected.

Global Fintech Fest 2026

The 7th Global Fintech Fest (GFF 2026) was held in Mumbai from 8–11 September 2026.
RBI also expanded Bharat Connect forex services to include EUR, GBP, CAD, CHF and AED, while SEBI launched the Demat 2.0 pilot for corporate bond tokenisation using Distributed Ledger Technology.

MDR Framework for UPI Transactions

Introduced under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
Applies to certain Person-to-Merchant (P2M) transactions
No charges on payments up to ₹2,000 through RuPay debit cards either
P2M up to ₹2,000 — zero MDR

Category	Rate
All P2P transactions	Zero, irrespective of value
P2M above ₹2,000	0.4 per cent
Transactions above ₹75,000	Capped at ₹300
Essential sectors — railways, telecom, fuel, insurance, utility bills, agricultural inputs	Flat ₹5 for payments over ₹2,000
Capital market — mutual funds, securities, stockbrokers	0.02 per cent, capped at ₹300

EPFO Wage Ceiling Raised to ₹25,000

The Union Cabinet approved an increase in the EPFO wage ceiling from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per month, effective 17 September 2026.
More than 51 lakh additional employees are expected to come under mandatory EPFO coverage.
The government is expected to spend around ₹11,339 crore annually, with approximately ₹56,696 crore over five years.
The expanded coverage relates to EPF, Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) and Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI), subject to applicable provisions.

RBI Absorbs ₹3.93 Trillion Through VRRR

RBI absorbed ₹3,93,352 crore through a Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction against the notified ₹5 trillion.
The cut-off rate was 5.24%, while surplus liquidity in the banking system was around ₹10.73 trillion on 11 September.
RBI also announced ₹1 trillion of Open Market Operation (OMO) sales in three tranches.

RBI Conducts ₹50,000 Crore OMO Sale

It is the first tranche of a ₹1 trillion OMO sale programme; ₹25,000 crore each is scheduled for 21 and 28 September 2026.
RBI sold ₹50,000 crore of Government Securities through an Open Market Operation (OMO) to absorb durable liquidity.
Net liquidity surplus stood at ₹7.37 trillion, while durable liquidity was estimated at around ₹14 trillion by mid-September.
WACR stood at 5.05%, compared with the 5.25% repo rate.

NPCI Revises UPI MDR Framework

UPI P2M transactions below ₹2,000 will continue to remain free for merchants and users.
For specified categories such as railways, telecom, insurance and fuel, a flat ₹5 MDR will apply to transactions above ₹2,000; capital-market transactions will attract 0.02%, capped at ₹300.
NPCI released a revised Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) framework, effective from 15 October 2026.
P2P UPI transactions will remain free, irrespective of the transaction amount.

NSE Enables India’s First Tokenised Corporate Bond Issuances

NSE enabled India’s first tokenised corporate bond issuances, worth ₹1,000 crore, under the SEBI Regulatory Sandbox Framework, 2020.
REC and L&T each raised ₹500 crore through tokenised corporate bonds.

RBI Conducts ₹50,000 Crore OMO Sale

It is the first tranche of a ₹1 trillion programme, with ₹25,000 crore auctions scheduled for 21 and 28 September 2026.
RBI sold ₹50,000 crore of Government Securities through an Open Market Operation (OMO) to absorb durable liquidity.
WACR stood at 5.05%, while the repo rate was 5.25%.
Net liquidity surplus stood at ₹7.37 trillion, while durable liquidity was estimated at around ₹14 trillion by mid-September.

Kamlesh Chandra Varshney Reappointed as SEBI Whole-Time Member

Kamlesh Chandra Varshney was reappointed as a Whole-Time Member (WTM) of SEBI beyond 19 September 2026.
He will continue until 4 August 2029, when he reaches the age of 65, or until further orders.
He is a 1990-batch Indian Revenue Service officer and joined SEBI as WTM in September 2023.
He has handled areas including market intermediaries, legal affairs, surveillance and information technology.

FCRA and the 2026 Amendment Bill

Objective: ensure foreign funds do not adversely affect India's sovereignty, security, public interest or democratic processes
Judicial recourse — provision for revision, and appeal before a District Judge within 90 days
Administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs
ContextThe proposed Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026 has raised concerns over tighter regulation of NGOs and provisions on assets created from foreign contributions when FCRA registration ceases.

Year	Development
1976	First FCRA enacted
2010	FCRA 2010 replaced the 1976 Act
2011	FCRA Rules notified
2020	Major amendments; 20% administrative-expense ceiling and designated SBI account
2022	Foreign contribution from relatives abroad limit increased from ₹1 lakh to ₹10 lakh per year
2026	FCRA Amendment Bill introduced; new FCRA Rules notified

novio and Indian Overseas Bank Launch Co-Branded RuPay Credit Card

novio, operated by Credilio Financial Technologies, partnered with Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) to launch a co-branded RuPay credit card.

India's First Blue Bond

The world's first sovereign blue bond was issued by the Republic of Seychelles in 2018, with World Bank support
India issued its first Sovereign Green Bonds in January 2023, with the proceeds earmarked under the Sovereign Green Bond Framework
ContextSagarmala Finance Corporation, India's first maritime lender, plans to raise funds through the country's maiden blue bond on 28 September.
Greenshoe option — allows the issuer to retain oversubscription beyond the base size, up to a specified limit

Global Agencies Raise India's FY27 GDP Outlook

All five global agencies are now above the RBI's 6.7 per cent projection
The economy grew 7.8 per cent in April–June, faster than expected, despite West Asia headwinds
ContextFour institutions — the ADB, OECD, Fitch and S&P Global — raised their FY27 growth projections for India to 6.9–7.1 per cent, citing resilience amid the West Asia conflict. All also forecast an RBI rate hike later this year.
Other projections: Goldman Sachs 6.5 (June), World Bank 6.6 (June), IMF 6.4 (July), RBI 6.7 (August)

Agency	June–August	September
OECD	6.3	7.1
ADB	6.6	7.0
S&P Global	6.6	7.0
Moody's	6.0	7.0 (raised last week)
Fitch	6.4	6.9

OMO Auction

Current programme: ₹1 trillion in three tranches — ₹50,000 cr (17 Sept), ₹25,000 cr (21 Sept), ₹25,000 cr (28 Sept)
Durable liquidity: ₹10.66 trillion (31 August), estimated near ₹14 trillion by mid-September
WACR is the operating target; repo 5.25 per cent, SDF 5.00 per cent
ContextThe RBI conducted an OMO sale auction, offloading ₹25,000 crore of Government of India securities to drain durable surplus rupee liquidity.

Jayanti Prasad Takes Additional Charge as IBBI Chairperson

Jayanti Prasad, Whole-Time Member of IBBI, took additional charge as Chairperson of IBBI from 13 September 2026.
He succeeded Ravi Mital and will hold the additional charge until 20 November 2026.
He is a 1986-batch Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IA&AS) officer.
IBBI is the statutory regulator under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.

CCI Approves Acquisition of Three Cricket Franchises

The transaction covers franchises participating in different T20 cricket leagues.
The reported transaction value is around USD 1.65 billion (₹15,600 crore).

RBI Bulletin: State of the Economy" Report

Bank Deposits: Bank deposits recorded their fastest growth in 15 years in August.
FDI: Net FDI rose 64% to $7.3 billion in July 2026.
Top source countries: Mauritius, UAE, US — about 70 per cent of equity inflows
GDP Growth: India's economy recorded strong growth in Q1 2026–27.

India's Software Services Exports Rise 8.2%

Software services exports: $221.4 billion in 2025-26, up 8.2 per cent
This surplus, with remittances, keeps India's current account deficit low — about 0.6 per cent of GDP in 2024-25
ContextThe RBI's Survey on Computer Software and Information Technology Enabled Services Exports: 2025-26 showed India's software services exports rose 8.2 per cent year-on-year to $221.4 billion.
US 54.1 per cent; Europe 31.8 per cent; UK 15.4 per cent of the total

Destination	Share
United States	54.1 per cent — the largest destination
Europe	31.8 per cent
— of which United Kingdom	15.4 per cent

ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Renamed ICICI Life Insurance

ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited changed its name to ICICI Life Insurance Limited from 22 September 2026.

TBX Launches B2B Bill Payments through Bharat Connect

IDFC FIRST Bank will act as the Sponsor Operating Unit.
TBX, formerly TransBnk, launched B2B bill payments on its TrustHub platform through Bharat Connect for Business.
The service is useful for sectors such as manufacturing, retail, FMCG, pharmaceuticals, automotive and education.

Banks to Rejig Insurance Products as IRDAI Proposes Commission Cuts

Proposed commission caps include 30% for term insurance and 20% for health insurance for individual distributors.
IRDAI proposed lower Expense of Management (EoM) limits and product- and channel-specific commission caps for insurance distributors.
Separate limits are proposed for individual and corporate distributors, with higher limits for individuals.

RBI Final Directions on Market Risk Capital and Eased FPI KYC

RBI also eased KYC requirements for Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) from 18 September 2026, allowing specified documents to be certified by authorised authorities outside India.
RBI issued the RBI (Commercial Banks – Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk) Directions, 2026 under Basel III.
The new market-risk capital framework will apply from 1 April 2027 and incorporates the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) framework.
Market risk refers to possible losses due to changes in interest rates, equity prices, exchange rates and commodity prices.

RBI Cancels Licences of Five NBFCs

RBI cancelled the Certificates of Registration (CoRs) of five NBFCs and accepted the surrender of licences by eight others during 4–31 August 2026.
The action was taken under Section 45-IA(6) of the RBI Act, 1934.
The five cancellations were Dar's Financial Services, Rolta Holding and Finance Corporation, Vasudeo Securities, Parsoli Corporation and A C Choksi Financial Services.
Among the surrendered licences, some entities exited the NBFC business, while others were merged/dissolved or reclassified as entities not requiring NBFC registration.

The SWIFT Payment System

Founded 1973, headquartered at La Hulpe, Belgium
CIPS (China) — launched 2015 to internationalise the yuan; enables cross-border RMB messaging, clearing and settlement across 120+ countries
SPFS (Russia) — developed 2014 after Western sanctions; connects Russian banks with foreign institutions, including Iran's SEPAM
A standardised, secure messaging network used by financial institutions to transmit instructions and information, such as money transfers, via standardised SWIFT/BIC codes

RBI Net Purchases Record $18.65 Billion in July

The RBI net purchased $18.65 billion in foreign exchange in July 2026, the highest monthly purchase on record.
This was sharply higher than the $561 million net purchase in June 2026 and slightly above the previous record of $18.63 billion in June 2021.
The increase was linked to the RBI's concessional swap facility for FCNR(B) deposits, external commercial borrowings and overseas foreign-currency borrowings.
The facility attracted $40.82 billion of inflows by July-end, with banks routing the foreign currency back to the RBI through the swap window.

What's Driving the Rupee's Depreciation

It touched an all-time low near ₹97 per dollar in May 2026
CAD was around 0.6% of GDP in 2024-25 but may widen towards 2% of GDP.
The rupee has depreciated about 8 per cent in real terms over the past year, per the REER
India imports over 85% of its crude oil.

IIT Madras Unicorn Frontier Fund-I

The fund raised ₹450 crore in its first close, against a target of ₹1,000 crore.
It will provide ₹5–20 crore to early-stage startups, especially in the deep-tech sector.

IRDAI Appoints Two Whole-Time Members

Their tenure is 5 years or until 65 years of age, whichever is earlier.
Dinesh Pant and Girija Subramanian assumed charge as Whole-Time Members of IRDAI.

Test yourself · Banking and Finance

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Axis Bank conducted the ________ from 7–11 September 2026.

4th edition of Sparsh Week Axis Bank's Sparsh Week 2026 · 12 September 2026

2. The ________ was held in New Delhi, India, on 12–13 September 2026, under India’s chairship.

18th BRICS Summit 18th BRICS Summit 2026 · 13 & 14 September 2026

3. The world's first sovereign blue bond was issued by the ________, with World Bank support

Republic of Seychelles in 2018 India's First Blue Bond · 23 & 24 September 2026

4. Aim: build a seamless, interoperable, cashless ecosystem; bring unbanked and underbanked populations into formal digital finance; and enable friction-free ________ and person-to-merchant (P2M) settlement.

person-to-person (P2P) The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) · 2 September 2026

5. ICICI Bank’s holding increased to around ________.

52.8% ICICI Bank Increases Stake in ICICI Pru… · 5 September 2026

Economy · 48

India's GDP Grows 7.8% in Q1 FY27

India's GDP growth stood at 7.8 per cent in the April–June 2026 quarter (Q1 FY27) — quicker than the 6.9 per cent in Q1 of last year, but slower than the 8.6 per cent of the January–March 2026 quarter.
Wheat and other agricultural products → ₹10 lakh crore
Cars, steel, textiles etc. → ₹20 lakh crore
Banking, IT, transport, hotels etc. → ₹70 lakh crore

Indicator	Q1 FY27
Real GDP growth	7.8%
Nominal GDP growth	10.3%
Real GVA growth	8.2%

Fiscal Deficit at 26.8% of FY27 Target

India’s fiscal deficit stood at 26.8% of the full-year Budget Estimate by July-end.
Absolute fiscal deficit was ₹4.55 lakh crore.
Net tax revenue was ₹8.45 lakh crore, while expenditure stood at ₹17.62 lakh crore.

India’s FY27 GDP Growth Momentum

India’s economy grew 7.8% in Q1 FY27, according to the SBI Research report.
Real GVA growth was 8.2% during the quarter.
Manufacturing grew 9.2%, while services grew around 10%.

JCR Upgrades India’s Sovereign Rating

Reasons cited: Sustained economic growth of around 7% GST reforms Digital Public Infrastructure Stronger bank balance sheets Improved financial-system soundness
Sustained economic growth of around 7%
Stronger bank balance sheets

MoSPI Releases National Accounts Statistics 2026

MoSPI released National Accounts Statistics (NAS) 2026.
New national accounts series adopts 2022–23 as the base year.
Base year: 2022–23.
Contains 60 statistical statements.

MoSPI Clarifies GDP Manufacturing Deflator Issue

Q1 FY27 real GDP growth was 7.8% under the 2022–23 base-year series.
Important for understanding the distinction between real GDP, nominal GDP and deflators.

Semicon 2.0

Structured across 6 pillars and 10 categories
MeitY notified the operational framework for the ₹1.27 lakh crore (₹1,27,500 crore) Semicon 2.0 programme.
What the value chain covers: fabless chip design, silicon and compound wafer fabrication, advanced packaging (ATMP/OSAT), equipment, materials, specialty chemicals, R&D and specialised talent development.
Aim: build technological self-reliance through Indian-owned IP, fabless chip design, domestic chip adoption, local supply chains and global electronics manufacturing.

Earth Observation Satellite EOS-05

ISRO has slated the launch of EOS-05, formerly GISAT-1A, aboard the GSLV-F17 rocket from Sriharikota. It is the operational replacement for the lost GISAT-1 mission.
An ISRO geo-imaging satellite built on the I-2K platform
Operating in Geosynchronous Orbit, about 35,786 km
Launcher: GSLV-F17 (GSLV Mk II), from the Second Launch Pad at SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota

India–Germany Wetland Conservation Partnership

IGEF was established in 2008 as the highest-level bilateral environmental policy forum between India and Germany.
The agreement was signed during the 4th Indo-German Environment Forum (IGEF).
Cooperation will cover wetlands, biodiversity, forests, mountains and climate resilience.

BPCL–CSE MoU: Biofuels and Circular Economy

The partnership aims to develop scalable bioenergy solutions.

Bank of Canada Unveils New CAD 20 Note

The Bank of Canada unveiled a new CAD 20 banknote featuring King Charles III.
The note is expected to enter general circulation in early 2027.
He becomes the first British monarch to appear on Canadian currency in more than seven decades.
The note has a vertical orientation, similar to Canada’s CAD 10 note.

IMF Warns of Weak Medium-Term G20 Growth

The IMF estimates medium-term G20 economic growth at around 3%, highlighting a weak global growth outlook.
Restrictive regulations in labour, product and consumer markets are limiting growth in several G20 economies.

Zero-Emission Freight Push Through PACT

It aggregates freight demand and converts it into opportunities for deployment across specific freight corridors.
The initiative connects shippers, LSPs, manufacturers, financiers and charging-point operators.

Bisleri–SBI Partnership for Plastic Waste Management

The partnership promotes segregation, collection and recycling of used plastic.
Bisleri International partnered with State Bank of India (SBI) under the Bottles for Change initiative.

Cabinet Approves ₹20,804 Crore Railway Multitracking Projects

The Union Cabinet approved eight railway multitracking projects across nine States with an estimated cost of ₹20,804 crore.

Karnataka Aerospace Policy 2026–2031

The Karnataka Cabinet approved the Karnataka Aerospace Policy 2026–2031 on 9 September 2026.
The policy covers aerospace, defence, aviation and space research and development.
The policy is expected to promote industrial development, innovation and employment in high-technology sectors.

GalaxEye Becomes First Indian Startup to Secure US Patent for Satellite Imaging

GalaxEye, founded in 2021, is an Indian space-tech startup.
OptoSAR combines optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors for coordinated satellite imaging.

Karnataka Leads Semiconductor Support under ChipIN Centre

It also recorded about 88 lakh hours of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool usage.
The ChipIN Centre, launched by MeitY in 2023 at C-DAC, supports semiconductor design through infrastructure, tools and technical expertise.
Karnataka emerged as the leading state under the ChipIN Centre initiative with 81 organisations and 73 chip tape-outs.
Tamil Nadu followed with 79 organisations and 33 tape-outs, while Telangana recorded 42 organisations and 28 tape-outs.

MC²⁺ Foundation, IIT Bombay and SINE Sign MoU for Energy Startups

ONGC announced a ₹2,000 crore Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) for deep-tech energy startups.
Selected startups can receive up to ₹2 crore each through convertible and milestone-based funding.

JSW Group and Volkswagen Group Sign MoU for Passenger Vehicles

The proposed venture may use Volkswagen's manufacturing facilities in Maharashtra, with combined capacity of around 4 lakh vehicles annually.
JSW Group and Volkswagen Group proposed a 51:49 joint venture for Volkswagen's passenger vehicle operations in India.
The partnership aims to increase localisation, manufacturing, product expansion and R&D.

Qualcomm and Amazon Partner for Custom AI Chips

The partnership focuses on AI inference and high-speed optical connectivity.
Qualcomm's technology can support data transfer speeds of up to 1.6 terabits per second (Tbps).

Samtel Avionics and Japan's BULL Sign MoU on Space Debris

The partnership covers technology integration, development, manufacturing and possible commercialisation.
BULL's Passive Post-Mission Disposal (PMD) technology will be explored with Samtel's Active Space Debris Removal Vehicle (DRV) technology.

India–Russia Trade Target of $100 Billion by 2030

India and Russia have set a target of $100 billion in bilateral trade by 2030.
Current bilateral trade is around $60 billion.

Southern Railway Achieves 100% Broad-Gauge Electrification

Southern Railway has achieved 100% electrification of its Broad Gauge network.
The electrified network covers 5,068 route kilometres.
The final 71-km Pattukkottai–Karaikkudi section completed the milestone.

Odisha Signs MoUs for ₹2.1 Lakh Crore Investment

The indicative investment is around ₹2.1 lakh crore.
Odisha signed agreements with International Holding Company (IHC) and the Adani Group for 14 proposed projects.

CSL–Drydocks World 50:50 Joint Venture

Both partners will invest ₹900 crore each, giving a total investment of ₹1,800 crore.
Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) and UAE-based Drydocks World (DDW) signed a 50:50 joint venture agreement to expand the International Ship Repair Facility in Kochi, Kerala.
The partnership combines CSL’s shipbuilding and repair expertise with Drydocks World’s global capabilities in vessel repair, maintenance, conversion and offshore EPC services.
CSL is a Miniratna enterprise under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.

Tata Steel Commissions COG Injection Project in Odisha

Tata Steel commissioned India’s first Coke Oven Gas (COG) Injection Project at Blast Furnace 1 of its Meramandali plant in Odisha.
COG is a hydrogen-rich by-product of coke production and contains more than 55% hydrogen.
The project aims to reduce fossil-fuel consumption and carbon emissions and support Tata Steel’s Net Zero target for 2045.

India–MERCOSUR Agreement for Paperless Trade

India and MERCOSUR signed the First Additional Protocol to their Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA).
The agreement also covers areas such as digital cooperation, AI, High-Performance Computing and taxation.

India–Vietnam to Observe 2027 as Year of Friendship

India and Vietnam agreed to observe 2027 as the “Year of India–Vietnam Friendship” to mark 55 years of diplomatic relations.
The two countries aim to achieve USD 25 billion in bilateral trade by 2030.

Kishau Multipurpose Dam Project

Six governments signed an agreement for the long-pending Kishau Multipurpose Project, estimated at ₹15,000 crore.
The project involves a 232.6-metre concrete gravity dam and a 422 MW hydropower plant on the Tons River.

India’s Exports Rise 15.5% to USD 399.27 Billion

India’s combined merchandise and services exports reached USD 399.27 billion during April–August 2026, growing 15.5%.
Total imports reached USD 459.65 billion, registering 18.01% growth.
In August 2026, combined exports were USD 82.68 billion, while imports stood at USD 92.09 billion.
Merchandise exports during the period stood at USD 215.91 billion.

SEMICON India 2026

ContextPrime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 5th edition of SEMICON India 2026 at Yashobhoomi (IICC), New Delhi — coinciding with Vishwakarma Diwas.
The premier nexus connecting the global microelectronics supply chain, fab operators, design startups, academic institutions and policymakers
Bridge global technology partnerships
Jointly organised by the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), MeitY, and SEMI — the global industry association for electronics manufacturing and design

India’s Exports Rise 15.5% to USD 399.27 Billion

India’s combined merchandise and services exports reached USD 399.27 billion during April–August 2026, registering 15.5% growth.
Total imports reached USD 459.65 billion, growing 18.01%.
In August 2026, combined exports stood at USD 82.68 billion, while imports were USD 92.09 billion.
Merchandise exports stood at USD 215.91 billion during the period.

Dighi Greenfield Shipbuilding Cluster in Maharashtra

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) signed an MoU with the Maharashtra Government to develop a ₹27,000 crore Greenfield Shipbuilding Industrial Cluster at Dighi, Raigad.
MDL plans to invest around ₹15,000 crore as the anchor shipyard and develop 1.2 million GT annual capacity.
The project aligns with the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.
The cluster will have an annual shipbuilding capacity of at least 2 million Gross Tonnage (GT).

Indo-Russia Innopraktika Technology Hub Signs Four Strategic Agreements

The Indo-Russia Innopraktika Technology Hub (IRITH) signed four agreements at INNOPROM India 2026 in New Delhi.
The agreements cover AI, cybersecurity, healthcare technology, electronics and investment.
An India–Russia Centre of Excellence in AI and Cybersecurity will be established with the Government of Nizhny Novgorod Region and RUSSOFT.

IIIT-Bangalore and Taipei Computer Association Sign LOI

IIIT-Bangalore and Taipei Computer Association (TCA) signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) at Electronica India 2026.
Cooperation will cover AI, electronics, smart manufacturing, smart cities and cybersecurity.
The partnership combines Taiwan's semiconductor and hardware expertise with Karnataka's strengths in software, research and innovation.

India–Bhutan Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation During Jaishankar's Visit

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited Bhutan from 16–18 September 2026 to review bilateral cooperation.
India extended a ₹4,000 crore concessional Line of Credit to Bhutan for energy-sector projects.
Progress was reviewed on the Punatsangchhu-II (1,020 MW) and Punatsangchhu-I (1,200 MW) hydropower projects.

Ministry of Defence Signs ₹586 Crore Contract for Tank APUs

The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹586 crore contract with Accurate Industrial Controls Private Limited (AICPL) for 3,257 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs).
The APUs include 1,657 for T-90 tanks and 1,600 for T-72 tanks.

Nibe and Naval Group Sign MoU for Naval Technologies

The partnership will also cover maintenance and autonomous underwater systems.

World Circular Economy Forum 2026 Held in Gandhinagar

The World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026 was held from 15–18 September 2026 at Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
India became the first South Asian country to host the WCEF.

Ministry of Defence Signs ₹586 Crore Contract for T-72 and T-90 APUs

The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹586 crore Make-II contract with Accurate Industrial Controls Private Limited for 3,257 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs).
The order covers 1,657 APUs for T-90 tanks and 1,600 for T-72 tanks.

Nibe and France's Naval Group Sign Defence MoU

The partnership also covers modular naval launching systems and maintenance.

NABARD and NaBFID Sign MoU for Rural Infrastructure Financing

The partnership will support joint financing and knowledge sharing for projects having significant rural impact.

National Digital Tourism Stack

The target is to bring 23,000 tourism experiences and homestays onto the platform by 2028.
The Ministry of Tourism and ONDC are developing the National Digital Tourism Stack, a digital public infrastructure for India's tourism sector.

Industrial Growth Rises to 8% in August 2026

India's Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grew 8% in August 2026, up from 7.35% in July 2026.
The previous higher growth was recorded in June 2026 at 8.8%.
August growth was the second-highest since April 2024 under the new IIP series.

Russia Remains India's Largest Crude Oil Supplier

Russia continued to be India's largest source of crude oil imports in September 2026.

Delhi Road Infrastructure Projects Worth ₹1,941 Crore

Four major road infrastructure projects worth ₹1,941 crore were inaugurated in Delhi.
The major project is Barapullah Phase-3, costing around ₹1,635 crore.
The 3.5-km elevated stretch connects Mayur Vihar Phase-I with Sarai Kale Khan and extends signal-free connectivity towards South Delhi.

India’s First Port-Based E-Methanol Plant

The project has a planned capacity of 150 TPD and an estimated cost of ₹2,300 crore.
It is being implemented by Deendayal Port Authority and Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd.

Test yourself · Economy

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. India’s economy grew ________, according to the SBI Research report.

7.8% in Q1 FY27 India’s FY27 GDP Growth Momentum · 2 September 2026

2. Q1 FY27 real GDP growth was ________ under the 2022–23 base-year series.

7.8% MoSPI Clarifies GDP Manufacturing Defla… · 3 September 2026

3. India and Vietnam agreed to observe 2027 as the “Year of India–Vietnam Friendship” to mark ________.

55 years of diplomatic relations India–Vietnam to Observe 2027 as Year o… · 16 & 17 September 2026

4. India’s combined merchandise and services exports reached ________ during April–August 2026, growing 15.5%.

USD 399.27 billion India’s Exports Rise 15.5% to USD 399.2… · 18 September 2026

5. The Ministry of Defence signed a ________ with Accurate Industrial Controls Private Limited (AICPL) for 3,257 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs).

₹586 crore contract Ministry of Defence Signs ₹586 Crore Co… · 23 & 24 September 2026

Social Issue · 41

National Small Industry Day

The observance is linked to the 2000 policy package for Small Scale Industries.
30 August is observed as National Small Industry Day in India.

Enforced Disappearances Day

30 August is observed as the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances.
Based on UNGA Resolution A/RES/65/209

Sone River Water-Sharing Pact

The agreement was signed in Delhi in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah and the two State Chief Ministers.

OIL Green Energy Waste-to-Clean Energy Projects

Projects will process 5,000 tonnes/day of municipal solid waste.
Expected output: 70–75 TPD CBG and around 50 MW green power

V-Dem Democracy Index

Lowest since 1975: Electoral Democracy Index score at its lowest level since 1975, according to V-Dem.
India's Electoral Democracy Index at its lowest since 1975, the year the Emergency was declared
Indicators at 50-year lows: judicial accountability, corruption, Election Management Body autonomy, impartial public administration
The latest V-Dem Democracy Report placed India's Electoral Democracy Index score at its lowest level since 1975, continuing a decline observed since 2009.

Mission Zero: Depalpur's Legacy Waste Transformation

Under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0, launched 2021
Under the Swachh Shehar Jodi initiative of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 mandate source segregation
Depalpur, Madhya Pradesh, became the first city under the Swachh Shehar Jodi initiative to achieve Zero Legacy Waste — remediating 1,250 metric tonnes of waste accumulated over five years, under SBM-U 2.0.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration and the Indus Waters Treaty

Founded in 1899 at the first Hague Peace Conference
PCA — founded 1899, first Hague Peace Conference, under the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes; revised 1907
Signed 1960, brokered by the World Bank.
IWT signed 1960, brokered by the World Bank

UNEP Charts "Overshoot, Peak and Decline" Pathway

Paris Agreement, 2015 — well below 2°C, pursuing 1.5°C; operates through NDCs
India's targets: net zero by 2070, 45 per cent emissions intensity reduction by 2030, 50 per cent non-fossil capacity by 2030
It projects a trajectory where the world overshoots the Paris Agreement's central goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels
Goal: hold warming well below 2°C, and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C

Scenario	Projected warming
1.5°C breach	"In the next few years"
If every country delivers its national climate plan and net-zero target	Peak warming of 1.8°C
Current policies	About 2.6°C by 2100

AISHE 2022–23 and 2023–24

Gender Parity Index (GPI): 1.08 in 2023–24.
Higher education institutions expanded significantly over a decade: Universities: 760 → 1,289 Colleges: 38,498 → 48,246 Standalone institutions: 12,276 → 15,221
Universities: 760 → 1,289
Higher education enrolment: 3.42 crore → 4.50 crore Increase: 31.5%

Creating Intergenerational Bonding Initiative

Objective: Strengthen bonds among children, parents and grandparents.
Pilot implementation in 200 schools.
Department of Social Justice and Empowerment signed an MoU with Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission.

National Nutrition Week 2026

First observed in India in 1982.
Observed from 1–7 September.
Led by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.

CARA: Adoption Awareness 2026

CARA is a statutory body under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015.
CARA will conduct State/UT-level awareness workshops from September 2026.

UN Declares November 27 as International Day for the Elimination of Child Marriage

The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on 4 September 2026 to observe 27 November every year as the International Day for the Elimination of Child Marriage.

UN Declares November 27 as International Day for Elimination of Child Marriage

The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution to observe 27 November annually as the International Day for the Elimination of Child Marriage.

UNGA Declares November 27 as International Day Against Child Marriage

The first observance will take place on 27 November 2026.
India was among the 70 co-sponsors of the resolution, which was adopted without a vote.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring November 27 as the International Day for the Elimination of Child, Early and Forced Marriage.

WhatsApp Introduces Bill Payments Through Bharat Connect

The service provides access to 22,722 billers across 30 categories.
Users can pay electricity, gas, water, FASTag, insurance, credit-card and loan bills.

NCSK Gets New Chairperson and Members

Their tenure will continue up to 31 March 2028.
The Government appointed Bhagwat Prasad Makwana as the new Chairperson of the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK).
Kaishab Bihari was appointed Vice-Chairperson.
Other members include Manoj Kumar Balmiki, Sushma Gaudiyal and Ravi Ramu Kalose.

Article 371(K) Proposed for Ladakh

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs proposed a new constitutional provision described as Chapter K under Article 371 for Ladakh.
The proposal was discussed in a sub-committee meeting on 9 September 2026.
Article 371 provisions provide special arrangements for specific States; the proposed framework would address the unique administrative and socio-cultural concerns of Ladakh.

Stanzin Tsangyang Becomes Kargil’s First Woman Army Officer

Stanzin Tsangyang was commissioned into the Indian Army on 5 September 2026 at the Officers Training Academy in Chennai.
She became the first woman officer from the Zanskar region of Ladakh.

US-India TRUST Fellowship 2026-27

The 12-month programme focuses on AI, quantum computing, semiconductors, biotechnology, energy, defence and space technologies.
Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) was selected as one of three Indian host institutions for the US-India TRUST Fellowship 2026-27.
Fellows receive financial and logistical support, including a USD 1,650 monthly stipend, housing, insurance and travel support.

International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2026

The UN observes this day on 9 September to protect students, teachers and educational institutions in conflict zones.
The 2026 theme is “Can Education Survive Attack? The Resilience of Human Communities.”
The day was established through UNGA Resolution A/RES/74/275 in 2020.

International Literacy Day 2026

The year 2026 marks 60 years since UNESCO proclaimed the day in 1966.
The 2026 theme is “Literacy for people, the planet and prosperity.”
International Literacy Day is observed every year on 8 September.

India–US TRUST Initiative for Undersea Cable Networks

India and the United States are expanding cooperation on undersea cable networks under the US–India TRUST Initiative.
Undersea cables are critical for international internet connectivity and secure digital communications.

International Literacy Day 2026

2026 marks the 60th anniversary of UNESCO's proclamation of the day in 1966.
The 2026 theme is “Literacy for people, the planet and prosperity.”
International Literacy Day is observed every year on 8 September.

International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2026

The day is observed on 9 September to highlight the need to protect students, teachers and educational institutions during conflicts.
The 2026 theme is “Can Education Survive Attack? The Resilience of Human Communities.”
It was established by the UN through Resolution A/RES/74/275 in 2020.

Rajnath Singh’s Visit to Sri Lanka

It was the first visit by an Indian Defence Minister to Sri Lanka in nearly 40 years.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visited Sri Lanka from 8–10 September 2026 to strengthen defence and maritime security cooperation.

International Day of Democracy 2026

The first observance was held in 2008.
The 2026 theme is “Bring human rights into focus.”
The UN General Assembly officially declared 15 September as the International Day of Democracy in 2007.
The International Day of Democracy is observed on 15 September to promote democratic values and institutions.

International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer 2026

The 2026 theme is “Global action for a cooler planet.”
The date marks the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987.
The UN declared 16 September as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer in 1994.
World Ozone Day is observed on 16 September to raise awareness about protecting the ozone layer.

Stem Cell Therapy for Autism Restricted to Approved Clinical Trials

The advisory follows the Supreme Court judgment of 30 January 2026 in Yash Charitable Trust & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.
The advisory was issued on 16 September 2026 and reiterates the existing regulatory framework for stem cell therapy.
The Union Health Ministry directed States and UTs to ensure that stem cell therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is provided only through duly approved clinical trials.

Registration of Births and Deaths Amendment Act, 2026

The Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act, 2026 will come into force from 1 October 2026.
Births and deaths must generally be reported within 21 days of occurrence.
Delayed registration after one year and up to two years will require approval from the District Magistrate, SDM or authorised Executive Magistrate.
Registration delayed by more than two years will require an order from the Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC).

Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan Partnership with The Art of Living

DoSJE extended its partnership with The Art of Living to strengthen substance-abuse prevention and awareness.
MoSJE has partnered with 12 spiritual organisations under NMBA.

Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros in News

Assam contains nearly 80% of the global population of the species.

Biometric Aadhaar Authentication Made Mandatory for Subsidised LPG

From 1 October 2026, biometric Aadhaar authentication is required for domestic LPG consumers to book refills at the regulated price with applicable subsidy.
Authentication can be completed through delivery personnel, LPG distributor showrooms or OMC mobile applications.
Consumers who do not complete authentication can still obtain LPG through specified channels, but subsidised refills at the regulated price will not be available.

The Removal of the Chief Election Commissioner

Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968: Provides the framework for the inquiry process.
Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 governs the inquiry
Special majority under Article 124(4) — majority of total membership plus two-thirds of those present and voting
Tenure: six years or age 65, whichever is earlier; no reappointment

UN Gender Snapshot 2026

Global Gender Gap Index 2026: India ranked 131st, with 64.5% parity.
Women's Reservation: The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023 provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, subject to delimitation following the relevant census.
Funding: Between 2023–24, bilateral aid for gender equality fell 13%, while funding for women's rights organisations fell 28%.
National Parliaments: Women's representation increased from 22.3% (2015) to 27.4% (2026).

Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros

Assam contains nearly 80% of the global population of this species.

Planetary Health Check 2026

The Planetary Health Check 2026 reported that 7 of the 9 planetary boundaries have crossed their safe operating limits.

The CEC and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023

It replaced the Election Commission (Conditions of Service of Election Commissioners and Transaction of Business) Act, 1991.
The Anoop Baranwal judgment (2023) had provided an interim selection committee comprising the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Leader of Opposition and Chief Justice of India until Parliament made a law.
The Act provides the statutory framework for the appointment, qualifications, service conditions and tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Election Commissioners (ECs).
The Supreme Court delivered a split verdict on whether challenges to the Act should be heard by a five-judge Constitution Bench; the matter has been referred accordingly.

The West Bengal Anti-Goonda Bill, 2026

Reports said the President returned the Bill for reconsideration after the Centre raised concerns about possible overlap with the NDPS Act, 1985 and the PITNDPS Act, 1988.
The West Bengal Public Safety and Control of Anti-Social Activities Bill, 2026 was passed by the West Bengal Assembly in June 2026.
The Bill deals with habitual offenders, organised crime and threats to public order, and includes provisions for preventive detention.
There was subsequently a conflicting public statement from West Bengal Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari, who said the Bill was still under consideration of the Union Home Ministry. Therefore, the procedural status should be treated with care.

Ministry of Minority Affairs Signs MoUs with Academic Institutions

The Ministry of Minority Affairs signed MoUs with institutions including IISc, IIM Bangalore and IIT Madras.
The partnerships also support startups, incubation, skilling, research and entrepreneurship under the Prime Minister Minority Venture Fund.

Victim Rights Centre in Patna

The first Victim Rights Centre provides integrated assistance through a single-window mechanism.
It covers legal, medical, psychological and social support.

Test yourself · Social Issue

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. ________: India ranked 131st, with 64.5% parity.

Global Gender Gap Index 2026 UN Gender Snapshot 2026 · 25 & 26 September 2026

2. Founded in ________ at the first Hague Peace Conference

1899 The Permanent Court of Arbitration and … · 2 September 2026

3. ________ — well below 2°C, pursuing 1.5°C; operates through NDCs

Paris Agreement, 2015 UNEP Charts "Overshoot, Peak and Declin… · 3 September 2026

4. The first observance will take place on ________.

27 November 2026 UNGA Declares November 27 as Internatio… · 8 September 2026

5. The year ________ since UNESCO proclaimed the day in 1966.

2026 marks 60 years International Literacy Day 2026 · 11 September 2026

Misc GA · 157

Kyrgyzstan is hosting the 26th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Founded in 2001 in Shanghai, from the earlier "Shanghai Five"
India hosted the 2023 summit (virtual) and the SCO Heads of Government meeting
Kyrgyzstan's capital Bishkek is hosting the 26th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit, as the Eurasian bloc marks 25 years since its inception.
Declared independence on 31 August 1991

National Test House — 115th Foundation Day

National Test House (NTH) celebrated its 115th Foundation Day in Bengaluru.

Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2026

Department of Consumer Affairs notified rules making Indian Standard Time (IST) the single time reference for official purposes.
Rules aim to improve accurate time-stamping, cybersecurity and synchronisation.
They will come into force 180 days after Gazette publication.

INS Nipun Commissioned by Indian Navy

INS Nipun, the second Nistar-class Diving Support Vessel, was commissioned in Mumbai on 31 August 2026.

India–Vietnam and India–Laos Engagement

Laos engagement coincided with the 70th anniversary of India–Laos diplomatic relations.
Union MoS Pabitra Margherita visited Vietnam and Laos from 26–29 August 2026.
The visit aimed to strengthen partnerships under India’s Act East Policy.

Gollala Gudi Temple Declared Monument of National Importance

The declaration was made under the AMASR Act, 1958.
With this addition, Telangana has 10 ASI-protected sites.

IBCA–ADB MoU for Big Cat Landscape Conservation

IBCA is an India-led alliance focused on conserving 7 big cats across its member countries.

Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards 2024

Each winner receives a ₹15 lakh cash prize, bronze statuette and certificate.
MYAS announced 4 awardees for the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards 2024.
Winners: Baljeet Kaur, Skalzang Rigzin, Rimo Saha and Shiv Prasad Chamoli.
It is India’s highest national award for adventure sports.

Ramon Magsaysay Awards 2026

Tommy Koh, Runa Khan and Bo Kyi were named winners of the 68th Ramon Magsaysay Awards.
Khan works for vulnerable communities in Bangladesh, while Bo Kyi advocates for political prisoners and human rights.
Each recipient receives a medallion, certificate and USD 50,000.

Air Vice Marshal Shakti Sharma Makes History

She was commissioned into the IAF Education Branch in 1994.
AVM Shakti Sharma became the first woman from the non-medical stream to attain the two-star rank in India's Defence Forces.
She has served across training establishments, field stations and Air Headquarters.
Her promotion marks a major milestone for women in defence leadership.

Tata Elxsi–Sarla Aviation: Shunya Electric Air Taxi

The first flight is targeted within 18–24 months.
The aircraft is designed for 300+ km operations and runway-independent connectivity.

IAF Tests Indigenous Khagantak-243 Glide Bomb

IAF successfully tested the Khagantak-243, an indigenous Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB).
It is a 300-kg class stand-off precision-guided weapon.

World Coconut Day 2026

The first World Coconut Day was observed in 2009.
2026 theme: “Coconuts in Times of Uncertainty: Securing Food, Energy, and Livelihoods.”
ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod celebrated the 2026 event in Kerala.
World Coconut Day is observed annually on 2 September.

Air Marshal Jitendra Mishra as First Full-Time CEO of Ram Temple Trust

Retired from the IAF in April 2026.
Retired Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra appointed as the first full-time CEO of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust.

RAKSHA Defence Diplomacy Framework

Provides a 10-year vision for strengthening global defence partnerships.
Four key pillars: Strategic Partnerships, Capacity Building, Indigenous Exports and Maritime Security.
Focuses on India’s role as a Net Security Provider and First Responder in the Indian Ocean Region.
Aims to promote defence cooperation, technology sharing and indigenous defence exports.

26th SCO Summit 2026

Held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, from 31 August–1 September 2026.
Pakistan received the SCO presidency for 2026–27.
Lahore was designated SCO Tourism and Cultural Capital for 2026–27.
Summit adopted the Bishkek Declaration and approved 28 documents.

OSDMA–UNDP–CivicDataLab MoUs

UNDP will conduct Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (HRVA) across all 30 districts.
Odisha State Disaster Management Authority signed MoUs with UNDP and CivicDataLab.

BTTF–Premiere Vision SA MoU

A Joint Steering Committee will oversee implementation.
Aim: shift Indian textile exports from volume-based to high-value and design-led products.
Provides access to international buyers, fashion houses and premium sourcing networks.
Cooperation covers export promotion, sustainability, circularity, traceability and heritage crafts.

GeM–Textiles Committee MoU

Textiles Committee will identify/certify producers and provide standardisation support.
Aim to promote recycled and upcycled textile products through government procurement.
Government e-Marketplace (GeM) and Textiles Committee signed an MoU.

India Backs UN “Correct the Map” Resolution

The UN General Assembly adopted the “Correct the Map” resolution on 4 September 2026.

Rangpur-Sivasagar Historical Ensemble

India submitted the nomination dossier to UNESCO on 19 June 2026.

Adani Defence Signs AK-203 Ammunition Deal

The agreement covers indigenous 7.62×39 mm ammunition for the AK-203 assault rifle programme.

India–Afghanistan Connectivity

As India has no direct land route to Afghanistan, connectivity depends on transit corridors and strategic ports.

IIT Madras–UNESCO MGIEP Partnership on AI-Based Learning

The partnership aligns with SDG 4.7 on inclusive and sustainable education.
IIT Madras and UNESCO MGIEP partnered to develop AI-based immersive learning technologies.
Two major objectives are personalised learning and gamified education.

DRDO–University of Hyderabad Patent for BAM-H24

DRDO and the University of Hyderabad’s ACRHEM secured an Indian patent for BAM-H24.

Birkbeck University of London to Establish Bengaluru Campus

The campus will operate under India’s 2023 Foreign Higher Educational Institutions regulations.
The initiative supports NEP 2020 and strengthens India–UK higher-education cooperation.
Birkbeck, University of London received UGC approval to establish its Bengaluru campus.
Degrees will be awarded by the University of London under Birkbeck’s academic oversight.

Rangpur-Sivasagar Historical Ensemble Added to UNESCO Tentative List

India submitted the nomination dossier to UNESCO on 19 June 2026.

NHAI Green Highways Excellence Awards 2026

NHAI announced the winners of the Green Highways Excellence Awards 2026.
They were instituted in 2025 under the Green Highways Policy, 2015.

National Teachers’ Day 2026

Teachers’ Day was first celebrated in 1962.
In 2026, National Teachers Awards were presented to recognise excellence in teaching.
National Teachers’ Day is observed on 5 September every year.
It marks the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

International Day of Charity 2026

It was designated by the UN General Assembly in 2012.
International Day of Charity is observed annually on 5 September.
The day commemorates the death anniversary of Mother Teresa.

Punjab Launches ‘Pehchaan’ Portal

Punjab launched ‘Pehchaan’, a digital portal for identifying unidentified and unclaimed deceased persons.
Punjab became the first state to implement such a system.
It stores photographs, physical characteristics and identification marks of unidentified persons.
It integrates with CCTNS to help match missing-person records with unidentified deceased persons.

Tamil Nadu Plans Olympic City in Chennai

The state will also establish Olympic Centres of Excellence at 10 locations.

International Vulture Day 2026

Vultures act as natural scavengers by consuming dead animals.

New Legless Amphibian Discovered in Maharashtra

Highlights the Western Ghats' status as a global biodiversity hotspot

India and France Inaugurate BAPS Temple in Paris

BAPS Swaminarayan Hindu Mandir in Bussy-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Marne) inaugurated on 6 September 2026
France's first traditionally designed stone Hindu temple
Reflects cultural diplomacy and India–France strategic partnership

Kimi Antonelli Wins Italian Grand Prix at Monza

Antonelli is among the youngest race winners in F1 history
Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes) won the F1 Italian GP on 6 September 2026
First Italian driver to win his home Grand Prix in decades
Monza is one of the oldest and fastest circuits on the F1 calendar

Adani Defence Signs Five-Year Ammunition Supply Pact for AK-203

The Ministry of Defence had contracted for 6,01,427 AK-203 rifles.
Adani Defence signed a five-year ammunition supply agreement related to the AK-203 rifle programme.
The ammunition is of the 7.62×39 mm category used with the AK-203.
The production ecosystem includes Adani Defence facilities in Kanpur, while AK-203 rifles are manufactured at Korwa in Amethi, Uttar Pradesh.

Dr Vinaya Prakash Singh Re-elected Secretary-General of APPU

He first assumed the position in January 2023.
Dr Vinaya Prakash Singh, a 1988-batch Indian Postal Service officer, was re-elected Secretary-General of the Asian-Pacific Postal Union (APPU).
His second term will run from January 2027 to December 2030.
He was re-elected unopposed during the 14th APPU Congress in Bangkok.

Satwik–Chirag Win China Masters 2026

Indian men’s doubles pair Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty won the 2026 China Masters.
They became the first Indian men’s doubles pair to win the China Masters since 2005.
It was their second title of 2026, after the Singapore Open Super 750.
The victory also took their total to 10 BWF World Tour titles.

Marcos Llorente Retires from International Football

His decision came after Spain’s victory at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.
Spanish footballer Marcos Llorente announced his retirement from international football at the age of 31.
He represented Spain in 27 international matches.

Sudivya Kumar Sonu Passes Away

He represented the Giridih Assembly constituency and had won the seat in 2019 and 2024.
Sudivya Kumar Sonu, a Jharkhand minister and JMM leader, passed away at the age of 56.
He handled portfolios including Urban Development, Higher and Technical Education, Tourism, Art & Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs.

Vice-President Releases Books on Bhupen Hazarika and Assamese Lexicography

He had earlier received the Padma Vibhushan in 2012 and Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1992.
Bhupen Hazarika was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 2019.
One book is “Bhupen Hazarika: Hundred Years of a Wandering Songs”, edited by Ankuran Dutta and Nani Gopal Mahanta.
The second is the 5th revised and enlarged edition of “Chandrakanta Abhidhan”, an Assamese dictionary.

World Duchenne Awareness Day 2026

The first UN-recognised World Duchenne Awareness Day was observed in 2024.
World Duchenne Awareness Day was observed on 7 September 2026.
The 2026 theme is “Family: the heart of care.”
The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution A/RES/78/12 on 29 November 2023 recognising the observance.

The Kalinga Ratna Award 2026

Former Chief Justice of India Justice Dipak Misra received the Kalinga Ratna Award 2026.
The award was presented by Sarala Sahitya Sansad in Cuttack, Odisha.
The award is associated with the promotion of Odia heritage, literature and social service.

NCSC Chairman Kishor Makwana Receives Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Jan Seva Puraskar 2026

The award was presented during the 16th Sansad Ratna Awards 2026 in New Delhi.
Kishor Makwana, Chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes, received the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Jan Seva Puraskar 2026.
The NCSC is a constitutional body established under Article 338 of the Constitution.
The award recognised contributions towards social justice and public service.

Akasa Air Operates First Commercial Flight with 1% SAF Blend

The initiative supports India's target of achieving 5% SAF blending by 2030.
Akasa Air operated its first commercial flight using ATF blended with 1% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).

IIT Madras–C-DOT Samgnya and QClairvoyance Quantum MoU

The partnership focuses on quantum computing and quantum algorithms.

India Photonics Association Launched

India's photonics market was estimated at $78.4 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $155 billion by 2034, according to the supplied material.
It aims to connect industry, researchers and policymakers.
Photonics involves the generation, manipulation and detection of light and has applications in telecommunications, defence, healthcare, satellites and semiconductors.

NIELIT–Saylor University Collaboration

NIELIT partnered with US-based Saylor University to integrate Saylor's digital learning resources into the NIELIT Digital University (NDU) platform.
Learners will gain access to self-paced global courses through the digital platform.
The partnerships aim to strengthen skilling, certification, internships, faculty development and digital learning.

India–US Joint Military Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2026

The 22nd edition of Yudh Abhyas began on 9 September 2026 in Bikaner, Rajasthan and Auli, Uttarakhand.

ISRO Conducts 220 kN CE20 Cryogenic Engine Hot Test

It powers the upper stage of India's LVM3 heavy-lift launch vehicle.
ISRO successfully conducted a flight acceptance hot test of the indigenous CE20 cryogenic engine at 220 kN thrust.
The CE20 uses Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) as propellants.

World EV Day 2026

The 2026 theme is “Switching Electric: driving down the cost of motoring.”
The initiative was founded in 2020 by Ade Thomas of Green.TV.
World EV Day is observed annually on 9 September to promote electric mobility and cleaner transport.

Himalaya Diwas 2026

It was first observed in Uttarakhand in 2010.
The 2026 observance marked the 17th edition.
Himalaya Diwas is observed every year on 9 September to promote awareness about the Himalayan ecosystem.

Solomon Pappaiah Passes Away

He also received the Kalaimamani Award from the Tamil Nadu Government in 2000.
He received the Padma Shri in 2021 in the field of Literature and Education.
Veteran Tamil scholar and orator Solomon Pappaiah died at the age of 90.

Colombo Security Conclave Table Top Exercise

The three-day Table Top Exercise of the Colombo Security Conclave concluded on 12 September 2026 at the Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam.
The exercise was conducted from 9–12 September 2026.

INS Sudarshini Port Call in Italy

INS Sudarshini, an Indian Navy sailing training ship, completed a successful port call at Livorno, Italy.

BRICS BioDesign Programme

It aims to connect researchers, healthcare professionals and academic institutions across BRICS countries.

NIXI–APNIC MoU on Internet Infrastructure

APNIC 62 marked the conference’s return to India after 14 years.
National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) and Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) signed an MoU on 8 September 2026 in Mumbai.
The partnership focuses on internet security, technical training, capacity building and network resilience.
It supports Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) for more secure internet routing and encourages wider adoption of IPv6.

International Space Summit 2026

The inaugural International Space Summit 2026 was held in Paris on 9–10 September 2026.
It brought together representatives from nearly 90 countries to discuss space cooperation, exploration and security.
Around 51 announcements worth about €20 billion were made through investments, contracts and collaborations.

India–Malaysia Maritime Exercise ‘Samudra Laksamana 2026’

The 4th edition of the India–Malaysia bilateral maritime exercise Samudra Laksamana was conducted at Lumut, Malaysia.

Eknath Shinde Receives Three International Awards

Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde received three international awards during his London visit from 9–11 September 2026.
The awards included the Commonwealth Public Leadership Recognition and Statesmanship Award for Transformative Leadership.
He also received the Global Pride of Maharashtra Award for promoting Marathi culture globally.

N. Purushothama Mallya Passes Away

He also received the Sahitya Akademi Translation Award in 2008.
He received the Padma Shri in 2015 for Literature and Education.
N. Purushothama Mallya, a noted educationist, writer and Konkani language activist, passed away at the age of 97.

World Suicide Prevention Day 2026

The 2024–26 theme is “Changing the Narrative on Suicide”, with the call to action “Start the Conversation.”
The first observance was held on 10 September 2003 in Stockholm, Sweden.
The day was established in 2003 by the International Association for Suicide Prevention in collaboration with WHO.
World Suicide Prevention Day is observed annually on 10 September to raise awareness and reduce stigma around suicide.

National Forest Martyrs Day 2026

The observance was designated by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in 2013.
National Forest Martyrs Day is observed in India on 11 September to honour people who lost their lives protecting forests and wildlife.
The day commemorates the Khejarli Massacre of 1730 in Rajasthan.
The day is commemorated at the National Forest Martyrs Memorial in Dehradun.

International Day for South-South Cooperation 2026

The 2026 theme is “Solidarity Rising: Global Alliance for Inclusive and Innovative Development.”
The date commemorates the 1978 Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) on technical cooperation among developing countries.
The International Day for South-South Cooperation is observed annually on 12 September.

India–Sri Lanka Defence Cooperation

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visited Sri Lanka from 8–10 September 2026 to strengthen bilateral defence and maritime cooperation.
India will help upgrade six 40-mm L70 anti-aircraft guns for the Sri Lankan Air Force through a government grant.

International Space Summit 2026

The inaugural International Space Summit 2026 was held in Paris on 9–10 September 2026.
Representatives from nearly 90 countries participated.
The summit focused on space economy, science and exploration, space security and sustainable space activities.

India–Malaysia Exercise Samudra Laksamana 2026

The 4th edition of the India–Malaysia maritime exercise Samudra Laksamana was held at Lumut, Malaysia.

‘Ophiopogon japonicus’ Recorded in India for the First Time

Researchers from the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the Uluberia Botanical Institute Herbarium recorded Ophiopogon japonicus for the first time in India.

Women’s T20 Asia Cup 2026

Shafali and Smriti Mandhana shared a record 129-run opening partnership in the final.
India won the 2026 Women’s T20 Asia Cup, defeating Sri Lanka by 72 runs in the final in Dubai.
Shafali Verma scored 68 off 39 balls and was named Player of the Match.

US Open 2026

Alexander Zverev won the men's singles title, while Elena Rybakina won the women's singles title at the 2026 US Open.

Dhiraj Bommadevara Wins Archery World Cup Final

India won 7 medals across the 2026 Archery World Cup stages.
Dhiraj Bommadevara became the first Indian male recurve archer to win the individual title at the Archery World Cup Final.

James Rodríguez Retires from International Football

He also won the FIFA Puskás Award for his goal against Uruguay in 2014.
He became globally prominent during the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where he won the Golden Boot.
Colombian footballer James Rodríguez announced his retirement from international football at the age of 35.
He ended his international career with 131 caps and 31 goals for Colombia.

Nairobi to Host 2029 World Athletics Championships

Nairobi, Kenya was selected to host the 2029 World Athletics Championships.
The event will follow the 2027 championships in Beijing, China.
It will be the first edition of the World Athletics Championships to be held in Africa.

UEFA Champions League Finals 2028–29

Barcelona will host the Champions League final for the first time since 1999.
Munich Football Arena will host the 2028 UEFA Champions League final.
Camp Nou in Barcelona will host the 2029 final.

Princess Astrid of Norway Passes Away

She served as First Lady of Norway from 1954 to 1968.
Princess Astrid Maud Ingeborg of Norway passed away at the age of 94 on 11 September 2026.

National Engineer’s Day 2026

The first observance was held on 15 September 1968.
The Government of India designated 15 September as National Engineer’s Day in 1968.
National Engineer’s Day is observed in India on 15 September.
It commemorates the birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.

Hindi Diwas 2026

14 September 2026 marks the 77th anniversary of this decision.
Hindi Diwas is observed on 14 September to mark the Constituent Assembly's 1949 decision regarding Hindi in the Devanagari script.
The 6th All India Official Language Conference was held in Mumbai as part of the 2026 observance.
The day is also associated with the birth anniversary of Beohar Rajendra Simha.

6th All India Official Language Conference

The conference was organised by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.
The conference was initiated in 2021 and is held in different Indian cities.
Rajbhasha Gaurav and Rajbhasha Kirti Awards for 2025–26 were presented during the event.

N. Purushothama Mallya Passes Away

He received the Sahitya Akademi Translation Award in 2008 for translating Thirukkural into Konkani.
He received the Padma Shri in 2015 for Literature and Education.
N. Purushothama Mallya, educationist, writer and Konkani language activist, passed away at the age of 97.

Former Andhra Pradesh Deputy CM Alla Nani Passes Away

He served as Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for Health, Family Welfare and Medical Education from 2019 to 2022.
Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas (Alla Nani), former Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, passed away at the age of 56.

Book: ‘A Century of Service – The RSS in 100 Acts of Seva’

The book presents 100 acts of seva (service) associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

Anant Nag to Receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2024

Veteran actor Anant Nag will receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2024 for his contribution to Indian cinema.
He will be honoured during the 72nd National Film Awards ceremony on 22 September 2026.
He will become the 56th recipient and the second Kannada cinema artist to receive the award after Rajkumar.

CBFC Reconstituted with 18 Members

The Government reconstituted the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) with 18 members for a three-year term.
Shashi Shekhar Vempati will serve as the Chairperson.
The board includes personalities such as Preity Zinta, Suniel Shetty, Pankaj Tripathi and Pallavi Joshi.

Sanjukta Parashar Becomes First Woman IG of CRPF CoBRA

She became the first woman officer to lead the elite CoBRA jungle-warfare force.
CoBRA is a specialised 10-battalion CRPF unit trained mainly for guerrilla warfare, long-range operations and counter-insurgency.

International Day of Science, Technology and Innovation for the South

The UN General Assembly officially recognised the day through Resolution A/RES/78/259 in 2024.
The International Day of STI for the South is observed annually on 16 September.

Arthur M. Bueche Award 2026 for Sethuraman Panchanathan

Indian-American computer scientist Sethuraman Panchanathan was named the recipient of the Arthur M. Bueche Award 2026 by the National Academy of Engineering.
The award, established in 1982, recognises major contributions to science and technology policy.
He became the first Indian-American to receive the award.
Panchanathan was also conferred the Padma Shri in 2025 in Science and Engineering.

E.M. Sudarsana Natchiappan Passes Away

Former Union Minister and senior Congress leader E.M. Sudarsana Natchiappan passed away at the age of 78.
He served as Minister of State for Commerce and Industry from 2013 to 2014.
He represented Sivaganga in the 13th Lok Sabha and later served two terms in the Rajya Sabha.
He was also a Supreme Court advocate and chaired a Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee.

World Patient Safety Day 2026

The 2026 theme is “Safe care for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs)”.
The slogan for 2026 is “Safe care for life!”
The day was established in 2019 through the 72nd World Health Assembly.
World Patient Safety Day is observed annually on 17 September by the WHO.

International Equal Pay Day 2026

The first observance took place on 18 September 2020.
2026 marks the 7th observance of the day.
The UN General Assembly proclaimed 18 September as International Equal Pay Day through Resolution A/RES/74/142 in 2019.
International Equal Pay Day is observed annually on 18 September to promote equal pay for work of equal value.

CORE Programme 2026

The 5-day Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme 2026 concluded at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi.
The programme was instituted in September 2025 by HQ Integrated Defence Staff.
It brings together senior Armed Forces leadership and civil bureaucrats for strategic training and evaluation.

India–Japan Air Exercise Veer Guardian 2026

The Indian Air Force and Japan Air Self-Defense Force are conducting Veer Guardian 2026 at Air Force Station Jodhpur.
The 14-day bilateral exercise focuses on advanced operational missions and professional interaction.
IAF Chief Air Chief Marshal A.P. Singh and Japan Air Self-Defense Force Chief General Takehiro Morita flew together in a Tejas formation sortie.

Angh Wins Platform Prize 2026 at TIFF

Angh, directed by Naga filmmaker Theja Rio, won the Platform Prize 2026 at the Toronto International Film Festival.
It was among 12 films selected for TIFF's competitive Platform programme.

Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team Performs in Meerut

The team performed using nine Hawk Mk 132 aircraft in close formation.

Marathi Film ‘Gondhal’ Selected as India's Official Entry for Oscars 2027

Davakhar won the Silver Peacock for Best Director at IFFI 2025.
Marathi film ‘Gondhal’, directed by Santosh Davakhar, was selected from 33 entries as India's official submission for the Best International Feature Film category.

HAL Hands Over Tejas Trainers, HTT-40 Aircraft and Dhruv NG Helicopters

HAL handed over 2 LCA Tejas FOC twin-seater trainers and 3 HTT-40 basic trainer aircraft to the IAF.
It also handed over 4 Dhruv NG helicopters to Pawan Hans Limited.
The HTT-40 delivery marks the beginning of deliveries under the contract for 70 aircraft.
Dhruv NG is an indigenously produced civil helicopter designed to meet AS-4 airworthiness requirements.

India Tests Indigenous Long-Range OWA Drone ‘KAL’

It has a reported range of up to 1,000 km, endurance of 7–8 hours and payload capacity of 50 kg.

New Tiger Cat Species ‘Leopardus tilcayo’ Identified in Bolivia

Genetic evidence suggests that its lineage separated from related tiger cats around 1.4 million years ago.
The species is about 46 cm in body length and weighs around 1.4 kg.

India to Host Asian Senior Wushu Championships for First Time in 2028

India will host the 11th Asian Senior Wushu Championships in 2028.
Around 500 athletes from 42 Asian countries are expected to participate.
Bhupender Singh Bajwa was nominated to the Executive Committee of the Wushu Federation of Asia.

World Bamboo Day 2026 – 18 September

It was established in 2009 during the 8th World Bamboo Congress in Bangkok.
2026 marks the 18th observance.
World Bamboo Day is observed every year on 18 September to highlight bamboo's environmental, cultural and economic importance.

World Water Monitoring Day 2026 – 18 September

It was established in 2003 by the American Clean Water Foundation.
It was initially observed on 18 October and shifted to 18 September in 2007.

Indo-Russia Innopraktika Technology Hub Signs Four Agreements

The Indo-Russia Innopraktika Technology Hub (IRITH) signed four agreements at INNOPROM India 2026 in New Delhi.
The agreements cover AI, cybersecurity, healthcare technology, electronics and investment.
An India–Russia Centre of Excellence in AI and Cybersecurity will be established with the Government of Nizhny Novgorod Region and RUSSOFT.

IIIT-Bangalore and Taipei Computer Association Sign LOI

IIIT-Bangalore and Taipei Computer Association (TCA) signed a Letter of Intent at Electronica India 2026.
Cooperation will cover AI, electronics, smart manufacturing, smart cities and cybersecurity.
The partnership combines Taiwan's strengths in semiconductors and hardware with Karnataka's strengths in software and technology research.

India–Bhutan Bilateral Cooperation Strengthened

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited Bhutan from 16–18 September 2026 to review bilateral cooperation.
India extended a ₹4,000 crore concessional Line of Credit to Bhutan for energy-sector projects.
India and Bhutan reviewed the Punatsangchhu-I (1,200 MW) and Punatsangchhu-II (1,020 MW) hydropower projects.

‘Gondhal’ Selected as India's Official Entry for Oscars 2027

Davakhar won the Silver Peacock for Best Director at IFFI 2025.
Marathi film ‘Gondhal’, directed by Santosh Davakhar, was selected from 33 entries as India's official submission for the Best International Feature Film category.

India Tests Indigenous Long-Range OWA Drone ‘KAL’

It has a reported range of up to 1,000 km, endurance of 7–8 hours and payload capacity of 50 kg.

Yugan Sakthivel Muthukumar Wins Gold at ISSF Junior World Cup

Yugan Sakthivel Muthukumar, a 15-year-old shooter from Tamil Nadu, won gold in the junior men's trap event.
He recorded 27 hits out of 30 to finish at the top.

Shafali Verma Rises to No. 4 in ICC Women's T20I Rankings

Indian opener Shafali Verma climbed two places to fourth in the ICC Women's T20I batting rankings.
The rise followed her maiden T20I century at the women's cricket competition of the Asian Games.
The ranking reflects her recent performances in the T20 international format.

Mirabai Chanu Wins First Asian Games Medal

She lifted a combined 198 kg.
North Korea's Gum Un-hee won gold with a world-record 215 kg total.
The medal was Mirabai Chanu's first Asian Games medal.

Luke J. Lindberg Appointed WFP Executive Director

Luke J. Lindberg, a US national and former Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs at the USDA, was appointed the next Executive Director of the World Food Programme (WFP).

G. Vijayaraghavan Passes Away at 84

He established India's first 2D echocardiography laboratory at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Renowned cardiologist Dr. G. Vijayaraghavan passed away on 20 September 2026 at the age of 84.
He received the Padma Shri in 2009 in Medicine.

Planetary Health Check 2026

The Planetary Health Check 2026 found that 7 of the 9 planetary boundaries have crossed their safe limits.

Yugan Sakthivel Muthukumar Wins Gold at ISSF Junior World Cup

Yugan Sakthivel Muthukumar, a 15-year-old shooter from Tamil Nadu, won gold in the junior men's trap event.
He scored 27 hits out of 30 in the final.

Shafali Verma Rises to No. 4 in ICC Women's T20I Rankings

She is among India's leading batters in the T20I format.
Indian opener Shafali Verma moved up two places to fourth in the ICC Women's T20I batting rankings.
The rise followed her maiden T20I century at the women's cricket competition of the Asian Games.

Salman Khan Wins Rowing Bronze at Asian Games

Indian Army personnel Salman Khan won a bronze medal in rowing at the Asian Games.

India Wins First Asian Games Mixed Team Skeet Medal

It was India's first-ever mixed team medal in skeet shooting at the Asian Games.

India to Host UCI Road World Championships 2032

Pune, Maharashtra, will host the UCI Road World Championships 2032 for the first time in India.

Mark Wood Retires from International Cricket

He made his Test, ODI and T20I debuts in 2015.
He was part of England's 2019 ODI World Cup and 2022 T20 World Cup winning teams.
England fast bowler Mark Wood announced his retirement from international cricket at the age of 36.
His career included 119 Test wickets, 80 ODI wickets and 54 T20I wickets.

Savithri Sreedharan Passes Away

She began amateur theatre in 1961 and entered professional theatre in 1984.
She received the Kerala State Theatre Actress Award and the Kerala Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Drama.

Sandro Mazzola Passes Away

He was part of Italy's 1968 European Championship-winning team and the 1970 FIFA World Cup finalist team.
Italian football legend Sandro Mazzola, former Inter Milan captain and Italy international, died at the age of 83.
He spent his entire 17-year club career with Inter Milan.
He won 4 Serie A titles and 2 European Cups with Inter Milan.

Flight Lieutenant Alfred Tyrone Cooke Passes Away

During the 1965 India–Pakistan War, he shot down a Pakistani F-86 Sabre while flying a Hawker Hunter.
Alfred Tyrone Cooke, a former IAF fighter pilot and Vir Chakra awardee, passed away at the age of 87.
He served with No. 14 Squadron, “The Fighting Bulls.”
He received the Vir Chakra, India's third-highest wartime gallantry award.

M3M Hurun India Rich List 2026

Gautam Adani and family topped the overall list with wealth of ₹9.23 lakh crore, followed by Mukesh Ambani and family with ₹8.63 lakh crore.
AI emerged as a new sector in the list, with 19 individuals having combined wealth of about ₹3.07 lakh crore.
Hurun India, in association with M3M India, released the M3M Hurun India Rich List 2026.

Exercise VARUNA

The exercise began as India-France naval interactions in 1983 and was formally named VARUNA in 2001.
The 24th edition is being hosted at Toulon Naval Base, France, with INS Trishul representing India.

Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Biodegradable Bioplastics

PLA is a bio-based and compostable thermoplastic produced by converting plant-based sugars into lactic acid, which is then polymerised.
A 100 TPA pilot facility is being developed at Kumbhi, Uttar Pradesh, to test the technology and develop specialised PLA grades.

TRAI Launches Digital Connectivity Rating Platform

It covers residential, commercial and government properties, helping buyers and tenants check a property's digital connectivity before purchase or lease.
The rating considers factors such as mobile coverage, fixed-line connectivity and Wi-Fi availability.

Russia Supports India's Permanent UNSC Seat

Exam point: The present UNSC has 5 permanent members — China, France, Russia, the UK and the US — and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov backed India's candidature for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council during the 81st UN General Assembly in September 2026.

Analogue Paneer

Common ingredients may include vegetable fats, skimmed milk powder, soy proteins, caseinates, starches, emulsifiers and stabilisers.

Digital Connectivity Rating (DCR) Platform

It covers residential, commercial and government properties and allows connectivity to become a measurable feature of a building.
The system covers the process from property registration and signal testing to certification and public rating.
Important: This news was already covered in the previous set, so do not repeat it in the consolidated current-affairs notes.

Operation Drishti

During the 10th Mega Eye Surgical Camp, AFMS surgeons performed 220 sight-restoring surgeries at an underground surgical centre in Tangdhar, Kupwara, near the LoC.
The initiative focuses on people who face geographical, financial and logistical barriers to specialised eye care.

Typhoon Dujuan

Izu Oshima Island recorded 832 mm of rainfall in 48 hours, while parts of Tokyo also experienced record rainfall.
It was a tropical cyclone in the Northwestern Pacific, with reported maximum sustained winds of around 130 km/h.
The name Dujuan, contributed by China, refers to the azalea flower.

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya

He served as its General Secretary from 1951 to 1967 and became its President in December 1967.
Antyodaya refers to the idea of ensuring that development reaches the poorest and most marginalised sections.

India Retains Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy at Chess Olympiad

India retained the Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy at the 46th Chess Olympiad held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

INS Sahyadri and INS Kulish Participate in Maritime Security Exercise

INS Sahyadri and INS Kulish participated in the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus Experts' Working Group on Maritime Security Joint Cooperation Activity.

World Tourism Day 2026

The 2026 theme is “Digital Agenda and Artificial Intelligence to Redesign Tourism.”
World Tourism Day is observed every year on 27 September.

India Ranks 10th at WorldSkills Shanghai 2026

India participated with its largest-ever contingent of 70 competitors across 63 skills.
India secured 10th position at the 48th WorldSkills Competition, held in Shanghai, China, from 22–27 September 2026.
The Indian contingent was coordinated by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
India won 6 Silver Medals and 20 Medals for Excellence.

India Wins 30 Medals at Asian Games 2026

As of 27 September 2026, India had won 30 medals at the Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games.
The tally consisted of 4 Gold, 12 Silver and 14 Bronze medals, placing India 10th at that point.
Other medals included silver for Tajinderpal Singh Toor and the women's 50m rifle 3 positions team, along with bronze medals in squash and other events.

Operation Drishti

Under Operation Drishti, Armed Forces Medical Services surgeons performed 220 sight-restoring surgeries at an underground surgical centre in Tangdhar, Kupwara, along the LoC.
It provides specialised eye care to people in remote and border areas who face geographical and financial barriers.

PRAHAAR: National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy

Extradition in India is governed by the Extradition Act, 1962; India has extradition treaties with about 50 countries and arrangements with several others
NIA — National Investigation Agency, established under the NIA Act, 2008, after the 26/11 Mumbai attacks
288 fugitives brought back from 36 countries, 2019–2026
UAPA, 1967 — the principal anti-terror law; the 2019 amendment allows the Centre to designate individuals as terrorists, not only organisations

Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026

ContextThe Indian Air Force launched Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan — themed "Power in Partnership" — involving seven foreign countries, including the maiden operational participation of US F-35 stealth fighters.
The second edition, after the maiden 2024 edition

IAF Hosts Tarang Shakti 2026

Eight countries — Australia, Bangladesh, France, Germany, Greece, Sri Lanka, UAE and the USA — are participating with air assets, while 32 countries are observers.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) commenced the 2nd edition of multinational air exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
The exercise is being conducted from 26 September to 12 October 2026, with participation from 40 countries.

NGT International Conference on Environment and Climate Dynamics

Participants included judicial representatives from 17 countries, along with scientists, policymakers and environmental experts.
The conference was held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, from 19–20 September 2026.
Major themes included climate resilience, circular economy, biodiversity, sustainable energy and environmental law.

India's First Indigenous Working Micro-GPU

Researchers at IIT Delhi developed India's first working and demonstrable indigenous micro-GPU.
The system uses Register Transfer Language (RTL) and was prototyped on a Spartan-7 FPGA.
Potential applications include industrial displays, e-rickshaw dashboards, e-readers, inland navigation and human-machine interfaces.
The team is also working towards an 8–16 core vector-style GPU architecture and a 65 nm ASIC proof-of-concept.

World Car-Free Day 2026

The first international Car-Free Day was held in 1999 as part of the European Union's “In Town Without My Car” campaign.
The initiative developed from international efforts during the 1990s to reduce dependence on cars in urban areas.
World Car-Free Day is observed on 22 September to encourage people to reduce private-car use and promote sustainable transport.

International Day of Sign Languages 2026

The 2026 theme is “Declaring Deaf People’s Human Rights.”
The UN designated 23 September as the day through Resolution A/RES/72/161 in 2017.
The date commemorates the establishment of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) in 1951.
The International Day of Sign Languages is observed on 23 September every year.

National Service Scheme Day 2026

NSS was formally launched on 24 September 1969 in 37 universities.
National Service Scheme (NSS) Day is observed on 24 September every year.
It operates under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and focuses on student participation in community service and nation-building activities.
The launch year, 1969, coincided with the birth centenary of Mahatma Gandhi.

World Heart Day 2026

World Heart Day is observed every year on 29 September.

FICCI FRAMES 2026

FICCI FRAMES 2026 is being held in Mumbai with the theme “India’s Media Moment: Creating Value in an Age of Infinite Content.”

Esha Singh Wins Silver in Women's 25m Pistol

Indian shooter Esha Singh won the silver medal in the women's 25m pistol event at the Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games 2026.

Pincky Balhara Wins Bronze in Kurash

Pincky Balhara won a bronze medal in kurash at the Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games 2026.

Russia Supports India's Permanent UNSC Seat

The UNSC currently has five permanent members — China, France, Russia, the UK and the US — and 10 elected non-permanent members.

Nvidia Launches Open Agent Safety Platform

OpenShell allows users to establish and enforce rules governing what AI agents can access.

India's First LNG-Powered Train

The 8-coach train uses a retrofitted LNG-diesel dual-fuel system, with LNG capable of replacing up to 40% of diesel consumption during line-haul operations.
India launched its first LNG-powered passenger train from Sabarmati, Gujarat.

IIT Delhi Develops Indigenous Working Micro-GPU

The system can support industrial displays, e-rickshaw dashboards, e-readers and embedded visualisation.
The roadmap includes an 8–16 core vector-style GPU and an eventual 65-nm ASIC proof of concept.

India Wins Women’s 4×400m Relay Gold

India won the women’s 4×400m relay gold with a timing of 3:29.69.

Exercise KAZIND-2026

The 9th India–Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise is being conducted at Oskemen, Kazakhstan.
A 60-member Indian contingent is participating.

World Maritime Day 2026

Observed on 24 September 2026.
Organised under the leadership of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

World Pharmacists Day 2026

Observed on 25 September 2026.

Test yourself · Misc GA

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Extradition in India is governed by the ________; India has extradition treaties with about 50 countries and arrangements with several others

Extradition Act, 1962 PRAHAAR: National Counter-Terrorism Pol… · 29 September 2026

2. Founded in ________ in Shanghai, from the earlier "Shanghai Five"

2001 Kyrgyzstan is hosting the 26th Shanghai… · 1 September 2026

3. The first World Coconut Day was observed in ________.

2009 World Coconut Day 2026 · 4 September 2026

4. He first assumed the position in ________.

January 2023 Dr Vinaya Prakash Singh Re-elected Secr… · 9 September 2026

5. Indian men’s doubles pair Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty won the ________.

2026 China Masters Satwik–Chirag Win China Masters 2026 · 9 September 2026

Miscellaneous GA · 14

India–USA Javelin Missile Deal

Indian Army signed a $93 million agreement for nearly 100 FGM-148 Javelin ATGMs.

TASL–Javelin Co-Production MoU

Javelin can engage tanks and armoured targets at ranges of up to 5 km.

India Gets Dialogue Partner Status in GCAP

GCAP is a 6th-generation fighter programme of the UK, Italy and Japan.

Indian Navy Commissions DSV Nipun

Built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited, it has around 75% indigenous content.
Supports deep-sea diving up to 300 m and submarine rescue operations.

T-72/T-90 Tank Overhaul Facility

A ₹472-crore tank overhaul facility is being established at Vehicle Factory Jabalpur.
It will support MRO of India’s T-72 and T-90 tanks.
Planned capacity: 80 tanks annually.

Lionel Messi Retires from International Football

Lionel Messi announced his retirement from international football for Argentina on 31 August 2026, ending a 21-year international career.
Major achievements include the 2022 FIFA World Cup and Copa América titles in 2021 and 2024; his final international match was the 2026 World Cup final.
He finished as Argentina’s most-capped player and all-time leading scorer, with 207 appearances and 125 goals.
He is an eight-time Ballon d’Or winner and one of the most decorated players in international football.

Dinamalar Completes 75 Years

Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan released a commemorative postage stamp marking the 75th anniversary of Dinamalar in Chennai.
Dinamalar was established in 1951 by T. V. Ramasubbaiyer and became an important Tamil-language newspaper.

IIT Madras’ Bodhan AI Launches Multilingual AI Models

Speech recognition supports 27 languages, while OCR and TTS support 23 languages and translation supports 22 languages.

Munitions India–Drogo Aerospace MoU for Indigenous UAVs

The partnership includes UAV–munition integration, safety evaluation, field trials and quality certification.

Isar Aerospace’s Spectrum Rocket Launch

The mission carried five CubeSats from European universities and companies.

Ahuti Mk II Becomes India’s Fastest Multirotor UAV

Defence startup Apollyon Dynamics' Ahuti Mk II achieved a certified top speed of 498 km/h.
It surpassed the previous benchmark of around 325 km/h, making it India's fastest multirotor UAV.

Italian Grand Prix 2026

He became the first Italian to win the Italian GP in 60 years, since Ludovico Scarfiotti in 1966.
Andrea Kimi Antonelli of Mercedes won the 2026 Italian Grand Prix at Monza on 6 September 2026.
George Russell finished second, while Max Verstappen secured third place.
Antonelli started from 19th position but recovered through an aggressive race strategy to secure victory.

International Vulture Awareness Day 2026

International Vulture Awareness Day was observed on 5 September 2026, the first Saturday of September.
The initiative originated in 2006 through collaboration between organisations in South Africa and the United Kingdom.

S. R. Janakiraman Passes Away at 98

He was born on 12 July 1928 in Lalgudi, Tamil Nadu.
He received the Padma Shri in 2011 for his contribution to the arts.
Renowned Carnatic vocalist and musicologist S. R. Janakiraman passed away at the age of 98 in Chennai.

Science & Technology · 10

Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

It will study dark energy, exoplanets and the infrared universe and operate around Lagrange Point 2.
Project cost is around $4.3 billion.

DoT–C-DOT Optical Network Testbed

DoT and C-DOT signed a 5-year agreement to establish an end-to-end optical network testbed.
Aim: bridge the gap between indigenous R&D and commercial deployment.

YJ-18A Stealth-Coated Missile

China reportedly tested a new YJ-18A anti-ship cruise missile variant.
The missile combines subsonic cruising with a supersonic terminal attack.

Gangaichthys indonepalicus

It is the first recorded subterranean fish from the Indo-Gangetic Basin.

IISc Establishes FQCI under National Quantum Mission

NQM has an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for 2023–24 to 2030–31.
It will function as a Quantum Computing Thematic Hub under the National Quantum Mission.

China Tests GJ-21 Stealth UAV

China tested the GJ-21 stealth UAV alongside sea trials of the Type 076 Sichuan.
The GJ-21 is designed for naval reconnaissance and strike missions.
Type 076 is equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS).

IISc Establishes FQCI under National Quantum Mission

NQM outlay: ₹6,003.65 crore
Target: Development of 50–1,000 qubit quantum computers.
Period: 2023–24 to 2030–31.
It will function as a Quantum Computing Thematic Hub under the National Quantum Mission (NQM).

Türkiye Joins Artemis Accords

Artemis Accords were launched by NASA and the US Department of State in 2020.
Türkiye became the 71st country to join the Artemis Accords.
Aim: Promote safe, peaceful and sustainable space exploration.
Türkiye became the 7th West Asian country to join.

DRDO–University of Hyderabad Rocket Fuel Patent

Indian Patent Office granted Patent No. 599900 to DRDO and the University of Hyderabad.

China’s GJ-21 UAV and Type 076 Sichuan

China tested the GJ-21 stealth UAV.
The Type 076 Sichuan amphibious assault ship entered its final sea-trial phase.
Features of Sichuan: Displacement: 40,000+ tonnes Flight deck: around 250 m × 62 m Equipped with EMALS.
Displacement: 40,000+ tonnes

Test yourself · Science & Technology

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. It will study dark energy, exoplanets and the infrared universe and operate around ________.

Lagrange Point 2 Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope · 1 September 2026

2. Indian Patent Office granted ________ to DRDO and the University of Hyderabad.

Patent No. 599900 DRDO–University of Hyderabad Rocket Fue… · 3 September 2026

3. DoT and C-DOT signed a ________ to establish an end-to-end optical network testbed.

5-year agreement DoT–C-DOT Optical Network Testbed · 1 September 2026

4. China tested the ________ alongside sea trials of the Type 076 Sichuan.

GJ-21 stealth UAV China Tests GJ-21 Stealth UAV · 2 September 2026

5. Türkiye became the ________ to join the Artemis Accords.

71st country Türkiye Joins Artemis Accords · 3 September 2026

International Affairs · 2

China–Bangladesh 2+2 Dialogue

China and Bangladesh are preparing for their first 2+2 diplomatic and defence dialogue.
It will combine foreign affairs and defence-level discussions.
Important for understanding China’s growing engagement in South Asia.

India–Laos Diplomatic Relations

2026 marks 70 years of India–Laos diplomatic relations.
India reaffirmed its commitment to Act East Policy during the visit of MoS Pabitra Margherita.

Test yourself · International Affairs

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. China and Bangladesh are preparing for their first ________.

2+2 diplomatic and defence dialogue China–Bangladesh 2+2 Dialogue · 1 September 2026

2. India reaffirmed its commitment to ________ during the visit of MoS Pabitra Margherita.

Act East Policy India–Laos Diplomatic Relations · 2 September 2026

3. ________ signed an agreement on Sone River water sharing.

Bihar and Jharkhand Sone River Pact · 1 September 2026

Appointments & Resignations · 3

John Ternus Becomes Apple CEO

Tim Cook stepped down as Apple CEO on 31 August 2026.
Important corporate leadership change.

Peyman Kargar — TVS Motor

Kargar has over 30 years of global automotive experience.
Peyman Kargar will become TVS Motor’s CEO and Director from 27 January 2027.

Ashish Shelar — ESGF President

The federation was established in 2024.

Test yourself · Appointments & Resignations

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. ________ stepped down as Apple CEO on 31 August 2026.

Tim Cook John Ternus Becomes Apple CEO · 1 September 2026

2. ________ will become TVS Motor’s CEO and Director from 27 January 2027.

Peyman Kargar Peyman Kargar — TVS Motor · 1 September 2026

3. ________ succeeded King Harald V as King Haakon VIII.

Crown Prince Haakon King Haakon VIII of Norway · 1 September 2026

4. Maharashtra Minister ________ was elected President of the Esports Games Federation (ESGF).

Ashish Shelar Ashish Shelar — ESGF President · 1 September 2026

Awards & Sports · 2

Rajbhasha Utkrishtta Sammaan

Award will be presented on Hindi Diwas, 14 September 2026.
DARPG was selected for the Rajbhasha Utkrishtta Sammaan 2025–26.

National Sports Day

2026 marked his 121st birth anniversary.
29 August is observed as National Sports Day in memory of Major Dhyan Chand.

Test yourself · Awards & Sports

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. ________ was selected for the Rajbhasha Utkrishtta Sammaan 2025–26.

DARPG Rajbhasha Utkrishtta Sammaan · 1 September 2026

2. ________ is observed as National Sports Day in memory of Major Dhyan Chand.

29 August National Sports Day · 1 September 2026

3. ________ was named Indian Footballer of the Year.

Lallianzuala Chhangte Indian Football Awards 2026 · 1 September 2026

Important Days · 2

International Day Against Nuclear Tests

Declared by UNGA Resolution A/RES/64/35 in 2009.
The date marks the closure of Kazakhstan’s Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in 1991.
Observed on 29 August every year.

International Day for People of African Descent

First observed in 2021 following UNGA Resolution A/RES/75/170.
2026 theme: “Expanding the Human Rights of People of African Descent.”
Observed on 31 August every year.

Awards & Recognitions · 1

Roger Federer Inducted into International Tennis Hall of Fame

He completed the Career Grand Slam by winning the French Open in 2009.
He won 20 Grand Slam titles and 103 ATP Tour titles.
He spent a record 310 weeks as World No. 1.

Defence & Security · 3

INS Nipun Commissioned

Indian Navy commissioned INS Nipun on 31 August 2026 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.

Russia Tests RS-24 Yars ICBM

Russia test-fired the RS-24 Yars mobile ICBM.
Missile travelled over 6,700 km.

IAF Tests Indigenous Khagantak-243 Glide Bomb

Indian Air Force conducted a successful drop trial of Khagantak-243 on 2 September 2026.

Test yourself · Defence & Security

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Russia test-fired the ________ mobile ICBM.

RS-24 Yars Russia Tests RS-24 Yars ICBM · 3 September 2026

2. Indian Air Force conducted a successful drop trial of ________ on 2 September 2026.

Khagantak-243 IAF Tests Indigenous Khagantak-243 Glid… · 3 September 2026

3. Indian Navy commissioned ________ on 31 August 2026 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.

INS Nipun INS Nipun Commissioned · 3 September 2026

International Relations · 2

India–Canada Foreign Office Consultations

India and Canada held annual Foreign Office Consultations on 2 September 2026 in New Delhi.

India–Vietnam–Laos Engagement

Laos engagement coincided with the 70th anniversary of India–Laos diplomatic relations.
Union MoS Pabitra Margherita visited Vietnam and Laos from 26–29 August 2026.
Visit aimed at strengthening partnerships under India's Act East Policy.

Awards & Honours · 3

Ramon Magsaysay Award 2026

The award was established in 1957.
The 68th batch of Ramon Magsaysay Award laureates includes: Tommy Koh Runa Khan Bo Kyi

Roger Federer Inducted into International Tennis Hall of Fame

Retired from professional tennis in 2022.
Career achievements: 20 Grand Slam titles 103 ATP titles 310 weeks as World No. 1 8 Wimbledon titles Career Grand Slam.
20 Grand Slam titles
103 ATP titles

Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards 2024

Four recipients were announced by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports on 2 September 2026.

Test yourself · Awards & Honours

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Four recipients were announced by the ________ on 2 September 2026.

Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award… · 3 September 2026

2. The ________ of Ramon Magsaysay Award laureates includes:

68th batch Ramon Magsaysay Award 2026 · 3 September 2026

3. Swiss tennis legend ________ was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Roger Federer Roger Federer Inducted into Internation… · 3 September 2026

Sports · 4

Lionel Messi Announces International Retirement

Key career achievements: 2022 FIFA World Cup Copa América 2021 Copa América 2024 Finalissima 2022
2022 FIFA World Cup
Copa América 2021
Copa América 2024

FIH Hockey World Cup 2026

Held from 15–30 August 2026 in Belgium and the Netherlands.
Men: Germany defeated Spain 1–0.

India to Host Women’s Champions Trophy 2027

ICC named India as host of the inaugural Women’s Champions Trophy 2027.
Scheduled from 14–28 February 2027.

India to Host World Archery Para Series 2026

India will host the Hyundai World Archery Para Series 2026 for the first time.
Dates: 5–9 September 2026.

Test yourself · Sports

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. India will host the ________ for the first time.

Hyundai World Archery Para Series 2026 India to Host World Archery Para Series… · 3 September 2026

2. Held from ________ in Belgium and the Netherlands.

15–30 August 2026 FIH Hockey World Cup 2026 · 3 September 2026

3. ________ named India as host of the inaugural Women’s Champions Trophy 2027.

ICC India to Host Women’s Champions Trophy … · 3 September 2026

4. ________ announced his retirement from international football at age 39.

Lionel Messi Lionel Messi Announces International Re… · 3 September 2026

Books & Authors · 1

Memorable Trials, Unforgettable Cases

Kannada and English editions released on 31 August 2026.

Business & Corporate · 2

Vodafone Idea Brand Revamp

Linked to the company's Vi 2.0 strategy.

Adani Energy Solutions Tops Global Utilities ESG Ranking

Adani Energy Solutions Ltd. received an ESG score of 90 from S&P Global.
Environmental score: 93
Social score: 89
Governance & Economic score: 84.

Appointments · 1

Suman Ray Appointed RBI Executive Director

Has over 30 years of RBI experience.
Suman Ray appointed Executive Director of RBI from 1 September 2026.
Will oversee DICGC and the Premises Department.

PIB · 13

Swachh Sagar, Surakshit Sagar 2026

5th edition (SSSS v5.0) was launched by Dr Jitendra Singh under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
The campaign was launched in 2022 as a 75-day coastal clean-up across 75 beaches.

Action Plan for Strengthening Krishi Vigyan Kendras

The first KVK was established at Puducherry in 1974
Context Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare and Rural Development Shivraj Singh Chouhan chaired a meeting in New Delhi to review the Action Plan for strengthening Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) through enhanced State participation — focused on implementing recommendations from the 5th Chief Secretaries' Conference 2025.
Krishi Vigyan Kendras — district-level farm science centres, funded by ICAR and hosted by State Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutes, NGOs and state departments
Mandate: on-farm testing, frontline demonstrations, capacity building of farmers and extension personnel, and serving as knowledge and resource centres

Next-Gen Aquaculture: RAS and Biofloc Technology

Second-largest fish producer — about 8 per cent of global fish production
Can recycle up to 90–95% of water.
Supports the livelihoods of nearly three crore fishers and fish farmers

Ministry of Coal Launches CSR Framework for Indian Coal Companies

The Ministry of Coal, with Coal India Limited, launched the first sector-specific CSR Framework for Indian coal companies.
It was developed by the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

Each One Teach One Initiative

Assam teacher Rajesh Bordoloi received the National Teachers Award 2026 for this innovative initiative.
Under the programme, Class 10 students teach their mothers basic literacy and digital skills at home.
Mothers learn reading, writing, smartphone use, UPI payments, online banking and other digital services.
The initiative demonstrates how students can become community educators and reduce digital and literacy gaps.

ITRA–Heartfulness Institute MoU for Holistic Healthcare

The partnership promotes preventive and holistic healthcare by combining Ayurveda, yoga, meditation and ecological practices.
ITRA is an Institute of National Importance under the Ministry of AYUSH.

Indian Air Force Dronathon-2026

The Indian Air Force (IAF) organised its first Dronathon-2026 at the Pokhran Field Firing Range, Jaisalmer, from 14–16 September 2026.

NIELIT–Infineon Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Infineon supplied 8 semiconductor manufacturing equipment units for training and skill development.

AI Centre of Excellence Approved for Bhubaneswar

MeitY granted in-principle approval for an AI Centre of Excellence in Bhubaneswar, Odisha under the IndiaAI Mission.

NIELIT–Infineon Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Infineon provided 8 industry-grade semiconductor manufacturing equipment units for practical training.

AI Centre of Excellence Approved for Bhubaneswar

MeitY granted in-principle approval for an AI Centre of Excellence in Bhubaneswar, Odisha under the IndiaAI Mission.

51st Doppler Weather Radar Inaugurated in Odisha

The 51st Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) was inaugurated at Jamadarpali, Sambalpur, Odisha.
It will improve weather monitoring across 13 districts of western Odisha and adjoining areas of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal.
The radar can provide observations within a 250-km radius and update weather information every 10 minutes.
It supports rainfall forecasting, storm monitoring and short-term nowcasting under Mission Mausam.

Swachh Seva Aankalan Launched for Rural Sanitation

The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation developed Swachh Seva Aankalan under SBM(G) 2.0.

Test yourself · PIB

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. Assam teacher ________ received the National Teachers Award 2026 for this innovative initiative.

Rajesh Bordoloi Each One Teach One Initiative · 12 September 2026

2. The ________ was established at Puducherry in 1974

first KVK Action Plan for Strengthening Krishi Vi… · 8 September 2026

3. The ________ organised its first Dronathon-2026 at the Pokhran Field Firing Range, Jaisalmer, from 14–16 September 2026.

Indian Air Force (IAF) Indian Air Force Dronathon-2026 · 16 & 17 September 2026

4. ________ was launched by Dr Jitendra Singh under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

5th edition (SSSS v5.0) Swachh Sagar, Surakshit Sagar 2026 · 4 September 2026

5. ________ — about 8 per cent of global fish production

Second-largest fish producer Next-Gen Aquaculture: RAS and Biofloc T… · 8 September 2026

RBI and NABARD · 34

The SCO Bishkek Declaration

Theme (2026): "25 Years of the SCO: Together for Sustainable Peace, Development and Prosperity"
Leaders of the 10 SCO member states — including India, Russia and China — concluded the 26th Council of Heads of State summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, by signing the joint Bishkek Declaration.
Theme: "25 Years of the SCO"
Presidency handover: to Pakistan for the 2026-2027 tenure

The RAKSHA Document

A strategic 10-year defence diplomacy vision document formulated by the Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence, in coordination with the Ministry of External Affairs and the National Security Council Secretariat
Context The Defence Minister released 'RAKSHA', a strategic document outlining India's 10-year defence diplomacy roadmap and vision for global partnerships, at an event held at Kartavya Bhawan.

Aero India 2027

Context The Ministry of Defence announced that the 16th edition of Aero India will be held from 8 to 12 February 2027, at Air Force Station, Yelahanka, Bengaluru.
Bringing together aerospace manufacturers, military delegations, policymakers, startups and research institutions
Boost defence exports and foster international industrial partnerships
Organised by the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence

ISRO Launches Earth Observation Satellite EOS-05

Context ISRO successfully launched its advanced Earth observation satellite EOS-05 aboard the GSLV-F17 on 4 September 2026 — India's first imaging satellite designed to monitor Earth from geosynchronous orbit, about 36,000 km up.
ISRO successfully launched EOS-05 using the GSLV-F17 on 4 September 2026.
EOS-05: India’s First Dedicated Geosynchronous Earth-Imaging Satellite
It is India’s first Earth-imaging satellite designed for geosynchronous orbit.

The BRICS 'POWER' Framework

India chairs BRICS in 2026; China takes over in 2027
Contributes about 30 per cent of global GDP, with a PPP share exceeding one-third
Context Ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi, Chinese Ambassador Xu Feihong proposed a 'POWER' framework for Greater BRICS — calling for stronger Global South cooperation, closer India-China coordination, and collaboration on AI and supply chains.
BRICS has evolved from an economic dialogue forum into a leading multilateral platform for the Global South, offering an alternative to Western-dominated institutions such as the G-7

Pillar	Focus	Key Measures
P — Principle	Sovereign equality & international law	Uphold UN Charter, non-interference and peaceful dispute resolution
O — Openness	Multilateral trade	Protect WTO rules, MFN treatment and resist protectionist tariff barriers
W — Win-Win	Development	Promote SDGs, local-currency settlements, cross-border payment interoperability and reciprocal credit
E — Engine	Growth & industrialisation	Cooperation in DPI, green technology, smart manufacturing and AI
R — Responsibility	Global South leadership	Use India (2026) and China (2027) presidencies for policy continuity; push reforms of Bretton Woods institutions and UNSC

UK Recognises India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme

Notified in 2023 under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022
Context The United Kingdom has recognised India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) as a qualifying criterion for pricing relief under its Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) — a move expected to reduce the tax burden on Indian exporters.
Typically covers iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen and electricity
Without recognition, Indian exporters would have paid twice — once under CCTS domestically and again at the UK border

The National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK)

ContextThe Department of Social Justice and Empowerment appointed Bhagwat Prasad Makwana as Chairperson, Kaishab Bihari as Vice-Chairperson, and three Members to the NCSK — effective until 31 March 2028, completing the tenure of the present 10th Commission.
Mandated to look after the welfare, dignity, socioeconomic rehabilitation and rights of Safai Karamcharis and manual scavengers
A non-statutory body under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

OPEC+

Angola exited OPEC in 2024; Qatar left in 2019; Indonesia suspended membership
India imports over 85 per cent of its crude; major suppliers include Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Russia and the UAE
Formed in late 2016 through the Declaration of Cooperation, signed in Vienna, Austria
OPEC founded 1960, at the Baghdad Conference; headquartered at Vienna, Austria

India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)

Notified June 2023 under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022
Detailed compliance regulations adopted July 2024
Incentivise emission cuts in energy-intensive sectors through a transparent carbon-trading exchange

e-FAST India and the PACT Platform

ContextNITI Aayog's e-FAST India initiative launched the Platform for Aggregating Clean Transport (PACT) alongside the ZET Marketplace at the 5th e-FAST India Summit 2026.
Support India's Net-Zero 2070 target
India's first national collaborative platform dedicated to freight electrification
Bridge market barriers for zero-emission trucks (ZETs)

BRICS Chief Justices' Forum and Related Events Under India's Presidency

BRICS — proposed as a concept by Jim O'Neill (Goldman Sachs, 2001); first summit Yekaterinburg, 2009; South Africa joined 2010
New Development Bank — headquartered at Shanghai; proposed by India at the 4th BRICS Summit, New Delhi, 2012; signed at Fortaleza, 2014
BRICS accounts for nearly half the world's population, about 30 per cent of global GDP, and about 20 per cent of global trade
14th BRICS Science Ministerial Meeting — Chennai, Tamil Nadu; chaired by Dr Jitendra Singh, MoS (IC), Ministry of Science and Technology

The Asian-Pacific Postal Union (APPU)

Headquartered at Bangkok, Thailand — relocated from Manila in 2002
Founded 1 April 1962 as the Asian-Oceanic Postal Union; renamed via the Asian-Pacific Postal Convention, Yogyakarta, 27 March 1981; in force 1 July 1982
Functions as a Restricted Union — a regional union — under Article 8 of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) Constitution
UPU — Universal Postal Union, founded 1874 by the Treaty of Bern; headquartered at Berne, Switzerland; the second-oldest international organisation

Mount Anak Krakatau

Submarine eruptive activity began in early 1927
Repeated cycles of basaltic accumulation breached the ocean surface, rising permanently above sea level on 11 August 1930
Emerged from the caldera of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption (VEI-6); rose above sea level on 11 August 1930
December 2018 flank collapse caused the Sunda Strait tsunami — a volcanogenic tsunami, not seismic, which is why no earthquake warning preceded it

The 18th BRICS Summit

ContextIndia hosts the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September 2026 — its fourth Chairship of the grouping.
Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE (joined 2024)
Indonesia (joined January 2025)
11 Full Members

World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026

Created in 2017 on the initiative of Sitra, the Finnish Innovation Fund
ContextIndia will host the World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026 at the Mahatma Mandir Convention Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, from 15 to 18 September 2026.
The 2026 Edition
The 10th milestone edition of WCEF

46th Chess Olympiad, Samarkand

India won gold in both open and women's sections at the 45th Olympiad, Budapest 2024 — a historic first
Viswanathan Anand — five-time World Champion, India's first Grandmaster (1988); currently FIDE Deputy President
Chess Olympiad — organised by FIDE, held every two years; India hosted the 44th edition at Chennai in 2022
Defending champions from Budapest 2024

India at 131st in Global Gender Gap Index 2026

Global Gender Gap Index — published by the World Economic Forum, first in 2006; headquartered at Cologny, Geneva
Related Indian data: female labour force participation 41.7 per cent (2023-24); women hold 55.7 per cent of Jan Dhan accounts; women are over one-third of the workforce in 237 districts (ASUSE 2025)
Progress toward gender parity: 64.5 per cent — below the global average
India's rank: 131; parity score 64.5 per cent

NITI Aayog India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025

ContextDelhi topped NITI Aayog's India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025, followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka — the only two of 17 large states among the top performers in EV implementation.
IEMI 2025 — by NITI Aayog with WRI India; covers 36 States and UTs
Covers 36 States and UTs
Composite scores range from 10 to 84, with a median of 40

Theme	Weight
Transport Electrification Progress	50 per cent
Charging Infrastructure Readiness	30 per cent
EV Research and Innovation Status	20 per cent

VIMARSH 2026

ContextThe Ministry of Defence organised VIMARSH 2026, a DRDO-Industry Synergy Meet, in New Delhi under the theme "Varta se Vikas" — development through dialogue.
A DRDO-industry engagement platform connecting defence R&D with private industry, MSMEs, start-ups, academia and manufacturing partners
Reduce entry barriers for MSMEs and deep-tech start-ups

Global Business Climate Survey 2026

India-Sweden relations: a Strategic Partnership since 2018; the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT), launched jointly by India and Sweden at the UN Climate Action Summit 2019
First instituted in 2020
ContextIndia was ranked first in business climate among 41 global markets in the Global Business Climate Survey 2026, published by the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in India (SCCI) with Business Sweden.
73 per cent of surveyed Swedish companies rated India's operating climate good or very good

India Electric Mobility Index 2025

IEMI 2025 — the 2nd edition; covers January–December 2025
India's EV penetration: 8.25 per cent in 2025-26, up from 0.5 per cent in 2018
Title: "India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025: Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States"
Uses 16 indicators across three themes

Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI 40)

Regulated by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), a unified regulator established 2020 under the IFSCA Act, 2019
GFCI 40 — by Z/Yen Partners (London) with the China Development Institute (Shenzhen)
144 instrumental factors; 39,531 assessments from 6,147 respondents
139 centres researched; 117 in the main index; 22 associates

Financial Centre	GFCI 40
GIFT City	37th
Mumbai	49th
Delhi	56th

The OneTag Facility

Lets vehicle owners migrate between authorised issuer banks
Give motorists greater choice of FASTag providers
Switch issuers without replacing the RFID tag or surrendering the account

SLINEX-26

First held in 2005
SAGAR — Security and Growth for All in the Region, announced 2015 in Mauritius
MAHASAGAR — Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions, announced 2025 in Mauritius, extending SAGAR
The 13th edition of the flagship annual bilateral naval exercise between India and Sri Lanka

The Houthis

About 12 per cent of global trade passes through the Red Sea–Suez route
Officially titled Ansar Allah — "Supporters of God"
Bab el-Mandeb — "Gate of Tears"; connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden, between Yemen and Djibouti/Eritrea
Detour via the Cape of Good Hope adds roughly 10–14 days to Asia–Europe voyages

Ukraine

The Russia-Ukraine war began in February 2022
Chernobyl — the 1986 nuclear disaster site, in northern Ukraine near the Belarus border
Borders seven countries: Belarus, Russia, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland
Highest peak: Mount Hoverla (2,061 m), in the Carpathians

PM Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY)

A merged scheme since 2021-22, integrating three earlier schemes: PM Adarsh Gram Yojana Special Central Assistance to SC Sub Plan Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana
ContextThe Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment reported that over ₹11,186 crore has been released under PM-AJAY's three components since FY 2014-15.
PM-AJAY — Centrally Sponsored Scheme, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment; merged 2021-22
Total released since FY2014-15: over ₹11,186 crore

Angh Wins TIFF Platform Prize

Angh — directorial debut of Theja Rio; won the Platform Prize at TIFF 2026
ContextNagaland filmmaker Theja Rio's debut feature Angh won the Platform Prize at the 2026 Toronto International Film Festival.
A historical period drama set in the early 1960s, in a remote village near the Indo-Burma border in Nagaland
Konyaks are concentrated in Mon district; the Aoleang festival is theirs

Partners for Multilateralism (P4M)

ContextIndia joined the inaugural P4M summit on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York, with the External Affairs Minister attending as an initial co-sponsor.
P4M — Partners for Multilateralism: International Law, Peace and Prosperity
India's other reform-oriented platforms: G4 (with Brazil, Germany, Japan) for UNSC reform, Voice of Global South Summit, IBSA
A non-superpower multilateral coalition of middle powers, regional organisations and developing nations

India Joins the G20 Energy Consensus

India's G20 Presidency was 2023, producing the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration and the Global Biofuels Alliance
India's related initiatives: National Critical Mineral Mission, Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL), and the Minerals Security Partnership
G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial, Houston, Texas, under the US G20 Presidency
LPG recognised as a bridge fuel — relevant to India's PM Ujjwala Yojana

Exercise Nomadic Elephant 2026

The 2025 edition was held at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Aim: enhance joint capability for counter-insurgency operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under a UN mandate, and improve interoperability

Biovigilance Programme of India

For the systematic reporting, assessment, monitoring and prevention of adverse events associated with medicines and biological products used in transplantation

New Inclusions to India's UNESCO Tentative List

Cellular Jail: Built 1896–1906, with 7 wings and 693 cells.
Located in Sri Vijaya Puram (Port Blair), South Andaman.
Located in Sivasagar, Assam.
Represents the 18th-century Tai-Ahom urban centre.

Indian Delegation Attends SCO Meeting in Pakistan

Established: 15 June 2001, at Shanghai
India and Pakistan joined in 2017; Iran 2023; Belarus 2024 — making 10 members
Pakistan to host the SCO Summit in August 2027; theme "Turning Vision into Action: Connectivity, Innovation and Shared Prosperity"
Headquarters and Secretariat: Beijing, China

Reports / Articles · 4

India's Per Capita Protein Consumption to Triple by 2070

India imports about 90 per cent of processed plant-protein isolates
India is the world's largest milk producer, about 24 per cent of global output
ContextA report by Asia Research and Engagement (ARE) with FICCI projects India's per capita protein consumption will more than triple by 2070, pushing protein-related emissions to more than seven times the estimated climate-safe threshold.
Per capita annual protein consumption: 9.5 kg (2025) → 30 kg (2070)

Five Baby Orangutans Rescued in Odisha

WCCB — statutory body under MoEFCC, established 2007 under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Exotic species come under Schedule IV, Wildlife (Protection) Act, after the 2022 amendment giving effect to CITES
Tapanuli orangutan, described 2017, is the world's rarest great ape
Five juveniles — two females, three males, aged about one to two years

Four More Indian Sites Added to UNESCO Tentative List

Sivasagar was the capital of the Ahom kingdom; the Moidams of Charaideo were inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2024
India's most recent inscriptions: Moidams of the Ahom Dynasty (2024) and the Maratha Military Landscapes (2025)
UNESCO — headquartered at Paris; the World Heritage Convention dates to 1972
India has 44 inscribed World Heritage Sites — 36 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed (Khangchendzonga)

Site	State/Region	Key Details
Rangpur-Sivasagar Historic Ensemble	Assam	Pre-modern urban and cultural landscape located in Sivasagar district, about 360 km north-east of Guwahati
Colonial Penal Settlement	Andaman Islands	Established after the 1857 uprising; comprises Chatham Island, Viper Island, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island and Cellular Jail
Nicobarese Cultural Continuity	Nicobar Islands	Located in the Nancowry group of islands; includes Trinket, Katchal, Chowra, Teressa, Kamorta, Nancowrie and Bompoka
Painted Haveli Towns of Shekhawati	Rajasthan	Located in the semi-arid Shekhawati region; spans Sikar, Jhunjhunu and Churu districts

WMO State of Global Water Resources 2025

ContextThe World Meteorological Organization's State of Global Water Resources 2025 report warned of persistent groundwater depletion in India, particularly in north-western regions.
Groundwater stress — in 2025, 34 per cent of monitored groundwater stations recorded below to much-below-normal levels, up from 25 per cent in 2024
India's persistent depletion — parts of India saw persistent groundwater deficits during 2022–2025, with over-abstraction an important driver
Declining freshwater storage — global terrestrial water storage has declined persistently since 2014–16; in 2025, below-normal storage persisted in several regions including northern India

Misc. GA · 13

Sheetal Devi Wins Gold at World Archery Para Series

India finished second in the medal table with 15 medals — 4 gold, 3 silver and 8 bronze, behind Czechia.

22nd India–US Yudh Abhyas 2026

The 22nd edition of Yudh Abhyas, the annual India–US bilateral military exercise, began on 9 September 2026.
The exercise is being conducted in a two-theatre format and will continue until 28 September 2026.
Yudh Abhyas is an important component of the growing India–US defence partnership.

INS Udaygiri Visits Colombo

Indian Navy's indigenously built stealth frigate INS Udaygiri arrived at Colombo Port, Sri Lanka, on 8 September 2026.

India–Sri Lanka Sign MoUs to Upgrade L70 Guns

India and Sri Lanka signed three defence Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) in Colombo on 9 September 2026.
The agreements focus on upgrading L70 anti-aircraft guns of the Sri Lankan military.

Munitions India–Drogo Aerospace MoU for Indigenous UAVs

The partnership will cover integration, safety evaluation, field trials and quality certification.

AASHVAST Lab Set Up by Indian Army to Detect Chinese Components in Drones

The Indian Army established the AASHVAST Lab at DG EME headquarters in New Delhi.

India–Japan Conduct Veer Guardian 2026 Air Exercise

The Indian Air Force and Japan Air Self-Defence Force conducted the 2nd edition of Veer Guardian 2026 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
The exercise is being held from 9–22 September 2026.
India is participating with Tejas, Su-30 MKI and Rafale, while Japan is participating with F-2A fighter aircraft.

Goa Police Receives President’s Colour

The honour recognises more than 80 years of service, courage and professionalism of the Goa Police.
Goa Police has also introduced an AI-based call agent for the cybercrime helpline 1930.
The AI system initially supports Konkani, Marathi and Hindi, with plans to expand to all 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule.

New Lichen Species Buellia maharajensis Discovered in Kerala

A survey of the park recorded around 250 lichen species, including several first-time records for Kerala and India.
Researchers discovered the new lichen species Buellia maharajensis in Mathikettan Shola National Park, Kerala.
The species was found at an altitude of around 1,351 metres and belongs to the Caliciaceae family.

India Finishes Fourth at Pickleball World Cup 2026

India finished fourth at the Pickleball World Cup 2026 held in Da Nang, Vietnam.
India improved from seventh position in the previous edition to fourth position in 2026.
The Indian contingent won 41 medals, including 7 gold, 17 silver and 17 bronze.

Tung Chee-hwa Passes Away at 89

Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong's first post-colonial leader, passed away at the age of 89.
He became Hong Kong's leader after the end of British rule in 1997 and served until 2005.
He later served as Vice-Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies 2026

The International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies was observed on 7 September 2026.
The 2026 theme was “Clean Air for Climate Action”.
The United Nations General Assembly designated 7 September as the observance through Resolution 74/212 in 2019.
In India, MoEFCC observed the day as Swachh Vayu Diwas 2026.

International Day of Police Cooperation 2026

The first observance was held in 2023, marking the 100th anniversary of the establishment of INTERPOL's predecessor.
The 2026 theme was “Protecting against Vulnerability – Building Trust and Legitimacy in Policing.”
The UN General Assembly proclaimed the day through Resolution A/RES/77/241 in 2022.
The International Day of Police Cooperation is observed annually on 7 September.

RBI & NABARD · 3

18th BRICS Summit 2026

The 18th BRICS Summit was held in New Delhi, India, on 12–13 September 2026, under India’s chairship.
Previous chairships: 2012, 2016 and 2021.
2026 marks 20 years of BRICS since its establishment.
There are 11 full members:

Country	Country
Brazil	Russia
India	China
South Africa	Egypt
Ethiopia	Iran
United Arab Emirates	Indonesia
Saudi Arabia

China Southern Airlines Resumes Guangzhou–Delhi Flights

China Southern Airlines will resume regular passenger flights between Guangzhou and New Delhi from 21 September 2026.

Rishikesh–Karnaprayag Rail Project Completes 41st Tunnel Breakthrough

The project achieved its 41st tunnel breakthrough on 11 September 2026 with the completion of Escape Tunnel-1.
The railway line is 125 km long and is being developed by Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL).

1. Article 371 and Asymmetric Federalism · 1

Hazard Perception Test

Kerala — the first State to make the Hazard Perception Test mandatory, from December 2026
Driving licences in India are issued by State Transport Authorities / RTOs under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
Related: the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019, which introduced electronic enforcement (136A), Good Samaritan protection (134A), Golden Hour cashless treatment (162), contractor liability (198A) and vehicle recall (110A)
ContextKerala will become the first State in India to introduce a mandatory computer-based Hazard Perception Test (HPT) for driving licence applicants, from December 2026.

Banking/Finance · 2

The EPFO Wage Ceiling

The Expenditure Finance Committee cleared the hike to ₹25,000 in June 2026
₹6,500 per month from 2004 until 1 September 2014
Revised to ₹15,000 in 2014
Determining mandatory coverage under the EPF and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

Moody's Raises India's FY27 GDP Forecast to 7%

Real GDP growth accelerated to 8.2 per cent year-on-year in the first six months of 2026, against 7.3 per cent in 2025
Real GDP grew 8.2 per cent in the first half of 2026, against 7.3 per cent in 2025
Moody's raised FY27 India GDP forecast from 6 per cent to 7 per cent — the highest among major agencies
Moody's FY27 inflation projection 4.8 per cent, against 2.4 per cent in FY26

Agency	FY27 GDP projection
Moody's	7.0 per cent
RBI	6.7 per cent
ADB	6.6 per cent
S&P Global	6.6 per cent
Goldman Sachs	6.5 per cent
Fitch	6.4 per cent

IMPORTANT DAYS · 3

International Red Panda Day 2026 – 19 September

In 2026, it was observed on 19 September.
The Red Panda Network launched the observance in 2010.

World Alzheimer's Day 2026 – 21 September

2026 Theme: “The Earlier You Know, The More You Can Do: A Dementia Diagnosis Matters.”
World Alzheimer's Day is observed every year on 21 September.

International Day of Peace 2026 – 21 September

2026 Theme: “Invest in Peace – For Everyone, Everywhere, Every Day.”
In 2001, the UN designated 21 September as a permanent annual International Day of Peace.
The International Day of Peace is observed annually on 21 September.

Test yourself · IMPORTANT DAYS

Fill the blank from memory, then check. Tap a question to reveal the answer.

1. ________: “The Earlier You Know, The More You Can Do: A Dementia Diagnosis Matters.”

2026 Theme World Alzheimer's Day 2026 – 21 Septemb… · 25 & 26 September 2026

2. ________: “Invest in Peace – For Everyone, Everywhere, Every Day.”

2026 Theme International Day of Peace 2026 – 21 Se… · 25 & 26 September 2026

3. The ________ launched the observance in 2010.

Red Panda Network International Red Panda Day 2026 – 19 S… · 25 & 26 September 2026

Misc · 11

India Wins Women’s 4×400m Relay Gold at Asian Games

India won gold in the women’s 4×400m relay with a timing of 3:29.69.

Exercise KAZIND-2026

Exercise KAZIND-2026 is the 9th India–Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise.
A 60-member Indian Armed Forces contingent is participating.

India’s First Port-Based E-Methanol Plant at Kandla

Total planned capacity is 150 tonnes per day, with an estimated project cost of ₹2,300 crore.
India’s first port-based e-methanol production facility is being established at Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla, Gujarat.
The project is being developed by Deendayal Port Authority and Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd.

India’s First Victim Rights Centre

India’s first Victim Rights Centre (VRC) was inaugurated at the Bihar State Legal Services Authority in Patna.
The centre particularly supports children, elderly victims, survivors of sexual offences and other vulnerable groups.

CSIR Launches Five Regional-Language Science Magazines

CSIR-NIScPR launched five popular science magazines on the 85th Foundation Day of CSIR.
A CSIR mascot, CSIR@85 postal stamp and Technology Compendium were also launched.

TRAI Launches Digital Connectivity Rating Platform

Users can search properties by name, location or certificate ID.
The platform connects property managers, Digital Connectivity Rating Agencies and consumers.

Indian Scientists Receive AGU 2026 Awards

Indian scientists Roxy Mathew Koll and Neelima Satyam were among the 43 AGU 2026 awardees.

India to Host Asian Pencak Silat Championship 2027

India will host the 4th Junior & 11th Senior Asian Pencak Silat Championship 2027.
The event will be held at Manohar Parrikar Stadium, Goa, from 19–23 April 2027.
The championship has been endorsed by the International Pencak Silat Federation (PERSILAT).

World Maritime Day 2026

World Maritime Day was observed on 24 September 2026.
The 2026 theme is “From Policy to Practice: Powering Maritime Excellence.”
It is observed annually on the last Thursday of September under the leadership of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

World Pharmacists Day 2026

The first World Pharmacists Day was observed in 2010.
The 2026 theme is “Empowering Pharmacists for Healthier Futures.”
World Pharmacists Day is observed on 25 September every year.

Antyodaya Diwas 2026

25 September 2026 marked his 110th birth anniversary.
Antyodaya Diwas is observed on 25 September to commemorate the birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya.
The Government declared 25 September as Antyodaya Diwas in 2014.
On the first observance, Aajeevika Skills was relaunched as DDU-GKY.

Daily 11 AM descriptive classes by a NABARD topper and IFoS topper, for NABARD and IFoS aspirants

Every day, 11:00 AM

Reading current affairs is step one. Writing them is what scores.

Descriptive classes taken live by a NABARD topper and IFoS topper — how to turn the facts on this page into a marks-fetching answer.

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You are writing NABARD Grade A in 2026 NABARD Grade A 2026 Mentorship & Test Series The whole thing — ARD, ESI, descriptive, mocks, mentors.

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You have studied — you need practice NABARD Test Series Phase I 2026 Phase I test series only. No lectures, just papers and analysis.

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For Phase II Paper I, written in early 2027 NABARD English Descriptive 2027 Essay and précis, written and rewritten until it scores.

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You are starting early for 2027 NABARD Foundation & Advanced Programme 2027 Foundation first, advanced later. A year, planned.

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Clarity 4 Sure · c4scourses.in · +91 87086 52887 · compiled 7 October 2026