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The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol completed 10 years on 15 October 2026. It aims to cut hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and avoid up to 0.5°C of warming by 2100.
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- A legally binding amendment to the 1987 Montreal Protocol
- It requires countries to gradually phase down the production and use of HFCs
- HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases, used mainly in air conditioners and refrigerators
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Important Facts for Examsmost asked
- Kigali Amendment adopted 15 October 2016 at Kigali, Rwanda; in force 1 January 2019
- First proposed in 2009 by the Federated States of Micronesia and Mauritius
- It amends the Montreal Protocol, 1987, which itself sits under the Vienna Convention, 1985
- Target: cut HFCs by over 80-85 per cent in three decades; avoid 0.3-0.5°C of warming by 2100
- The Montreal Protocol phased out about 99 per cent of ozone-depleting substances
- It is the only UN treaty ratified by every country in the world — all 198 parties
- India ratified the Kigali Amendment in 2021
- India follows the India Cooling Action Plan (2019) — the first country to produce one
- World Ozone Day: 16 September, marking the signing of the Montreal Protocol
