PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) is a Rs 24,104 crore mission launched in November 2023 to bring basic facilities – housing, roads, water, health, education, electricity, connectivity and livelihoods – to India’s 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) through 11 critical interventions implemented by nine central ministries.
Context
- The Union Budget 2023-24 announced a PM PVTG Development Mission with Rs 15,000 crore over three years.
- The Prime Minister launched PM-JANMAN on 15 November 2023, Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (Birsa Munda’s birth anniversary), from Khunti in Jharkhand.
- The Union Cabinet approved the mission on 29 November 2023 with a total outlay of Rs 24,104 crore (Central share Rs 15,336 crore, state share Rs 8,768 crore) for three years, 2023-24 to 2025-26.
Who Are the PVTGs?
- PVTGs are the most vulnerable among Scheduled Tribes, identified on the basis of a pre-agricultural level of technology, low literacy, stagnant or declining population and economic backwardness.
- There are 75 PVTGs in 18 states and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, living in about 22,000 villages and habitations, with a population of roughly 28 lakh.
- The category was created on the Dhebar Commission’s recommendation (as Primitive Tribal Groups in 1975) and renamed PVTG in 2006.
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Open this page as a PDFThe 11 Critical Interventions
- Pucca houses under PMAY-Gramin (about 4.9 lakh houses at an enhanced unit cost).
- Road connectivity to PVTG habitations (about 8,000 km).
- Piped drinking water and community water supply through the Jal Jeevan Mission.
- Mobile medical units (about 1,000) for health outreach.
- Hostels (about 500) and anganwadi centres (about 2,500).
- Multipurpose centres (about 1,000) for community use.
- Household electrification and solar street lighting.
- Mobile towers for 4G connectivity in about 3,000 villages.
- Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (about 500) for forest-produce livelihoods.
- Skill development through vocational training.
Implementation
- Nodal ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs; the interventions run through nine ministries – Rural Development, Jal Shakti, Health, Women and Child Development, Education, Power, New and Renewable Energy, Communications and Ayush – using their existing schemes with relaxed norms for PVTG areas.
- Habitation-level data was collected through the PM-JANMAN campaign and the PM Gati Shakti portal is used for mapping.
- Saturation is the goal: every PVTG household is to receive Aadhaar, PM-JAY cards, Jan Dhan accounts and pensions through camps.
Important Facts for Examsmost asked
- PM-JANMAN: launched 15 November 2023 (Khunti); Cabinet approval 29 November 2023; outlay Rs 24,104 crore (Centre Rs 15,336 crore, states Rs 8,768 crore).
- Target group: 75 PVTGs in 18 states and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- 11 critical interventions through 9 ministries; nodal ministry – Tribal Affairs.
- Duration: three years, FY 2023-24 to FY 2025-26.
- Janjatiya Gaurav Divas is celebrated on 15 November, Birsa Munda’s birth anniversary.
FAQs
What is the difference between PM-JANMAN and DAJGUA?
PM-JANMAN covers only the 75 PVTGs; Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (2024) covers tribal-majority villages and aspirational blocks more broadly, with a larger outlay.
Which state has the most PVTGs?
Odisha has the largest number of PVTG communities (13), followed by Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (12 together), Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.
Why is PM-JANMAN relevant for NABARD and RBI exams?
It is asked under social issues and rural development: the outlay, the launch date, the number of PVTGs and the eleven interventions are the standard facts.
