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India’s Forest Cover Expanded by 2.5% in a Decade

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Source: BS

Context:

The Government of India has released its first-ever dedicated publication on forest accounting, highlighting trends in forest cover and condition between 2010-11 and 2021-22. The study, conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), follows the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounts (SEEA) Framework (2018).

Key Findings:
Category2010-11 / 2001-022021-22 / 2024ChangeRemarks
Total Forest Area (sq km)697,898715,342+17,444 (+2.5%)Net addition over 10 years due to afforestation, reforestation, conservation
Very Dense Forests (VDF, >70% canopy)83,502102,502+19,000 (+22.7%)Indicates improved forest quality and successful conservation
Moderately Dense Forests (MDF, 40–70% canopy)318,745307,673−11,071Decline in medium-density forests
Open Forests (OF, 10–40% canopy)295,651305,167+3.2%Driven by plantations, natural regeneration, afforestation on degraded lands

State-wise Forest Area Growth (sq km)Net Increase
Kerala+4,137
Karnataka+3,122
Tamil Nadu+2,606
Madhya Pradesh & MaharashtraSignificant contribution to national growth

Forest Loss & Environmental ImpactValue
Primary forest loss (2024)18,200 ha (up from 17,700 ha in 2023)
Tree cover loss (2001–2024)2.31 million ha → 1.29 Gt CO₂ emissions
Humid primary forest loss (2002–2024)3,48,000 ha (15% of total tree cover loss)

Forest EncroachmentArea (sq km)
Total area under encroachment13,056
Madhya Pradesh5,460.9
Assam3,620.9
Karnataka863.08
Maharashtra575.54
Tamil Nadu157.68
Encroachment removed409.77

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