Source: TOI
Context:
India has overtaken China to rank No. 1 globally in rice production, reflecting sustained gains from improved irrigation, high-yielding varieties, and supportive procurement policies.
Global Status
- India: World’s largest rice producer (150.18 MT)
- China: Second largest (145.28 MT)
State-wise Rice Production (2023–24)
(As per Economic Survey, Statistical Appendix)
| Rank | State | Production | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Telangana | 16.63 MT | ~12.17% |
| 2 | Uttar Pradesh | 15.72 MT | ~11.50% |
| 3 | West Bengal | 15.12 MT | ~11.06% |
Other major rice-producing states:
Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Assam.
Geographical Features of Rice Production in India
1. Climate Belt
- Rice thrives in hot, humid climates.
- Hence, concentration in eastern, southern, and north-eastern India.
2. Water Geography
- Strong presence in river floodplains and deltas:
- Ganga–Brahmaputra Plains
- Krishna–Godavari Delta
- Cauvery Delta
- Abundant alluvial soils and surface water support paddy cultivation.
3. Irrigation-driven Expansion
- In lower rainfall regions (e.g., Punjab, western UP), rice is sustained by canals and tube-wells.
- This boosts yields but raises groundwater depletion and water-stress concerns.
4. Terrain Adaptation
- In hilly and north-eastern regions, rice is grown using terraced cultivation, enabling controlled water flow and soil conservation.
