Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 27 May, 2026

Daily Current Affairs Quiz
27 May, 2026

National Affairs

1. Government Launches PM-AJAY Portal and Mobile App

Source: PIB

Context of the News

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE) has launched a centralised PM-AJAY Portal and the AJAY Mobile Application to make the Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY), the government’s main welfare scheme for Scheduled Castes (SCs), more transparent, faster, and easier to monitor. PM-AJAY is a 100 per cent Centrally Sponsored umbrella scheme launched in FY 2021-22 that brings three earlier SC welfare schemes under one roof: the Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY), the Special Central Assistance to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCA to SCSP), and the Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana (BJRCY). The aim of the scheme is to reduce poverty among SC communities by creating sustainable livelihoods through skill development and income-generating assets.

Key Highlights

• Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY).
• Type: 100 per cent Centrally Sponsored umbrella scheme.
• Launched in: FY 2021-22.
• Nodal department: Department of Social Justice and Empowerment, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

Three older schemes merged into PM-AJAY:

Earlier Scheme	Focus
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)	Integrated development of SC-dominated villages into model villages
Special Central Assistance to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCA to SCSP)	Income-generating projects for SC households
Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana (BJRCY)	Hostels for SC students

Three operational pillars of PM-AJAY:

Pillar	What it does
Adarsh Gram (Model Village) development	Targets villages with SC population over 40 per cent and total population of 500 or more; provides ₹2 lakh per village as a gap-filling infrastructure grant and ₹1 lakh for administrative costs; tracked through 50 socio-economic indicators in 10 developmental domains (including drinking water, sanitation, literacy, clean fuel, and financial inclusion)
Grants-in-Aid for District and State-Level Socio-Economic Projects	Funds skill development, livelihood programmes, and income-generating assets for SC households below the poverty line (BPL)
Hostel Construction	Builds secure hostels in high-quality schools and top-ranked NIRF-listed higher educational institutions for SC students

Two new digital tools launched:

Tool	What it does
PM-AJAY Portal	Central Management Information System (MIS) to track state-wise allocations, fund flows, and implementation timelines in real time
AJAY Mobile Application	Lets field inspectors upload geo-tagged, time-stamped photos from project sites to verify construction milestones before the next fund instalment is released

Why these tools matter:

(a) Real-time tracking of where central money is going. (b) Photo-based proof of construction progress instead of paper certificates. (c) Geo-tagging prevents ghost projects and duplicate billing. (d) Time-stamped uploads create an audit trail that is hard to tamper with. (e) Faster fund releases for projects that are actually moving on the ground.

About the News

What has been launched?

A centralised PM-AJAY Portal and the AJAY Mobile Application, two digital tools designed to make the PM-AJAY scheme more transparent and easier to monitor.

What is PM-AJAY?

It is the central government’s flagship welfare scheme for Scheduled Castes, launched in FY 2021-22, formed by merging three older schemes (PMAGY, SCA to SCSP, BJRCY) under one umbrella. It is 100 per cent funded by the Centre.

What does PM-AJAY do, in simple terms?

It works on three tracks: (a) Builds model villages in areas where more than 40 per cent of the population is SC and the total population is at least 500, with ₹2 lakh per village plus ₹1 lakh for administrative costs. (b) Funds skill training and livelihood projects for SC families below the poverty line. (c) Builds hostels for SC students in good schools and top-ranked institutions (NIRF list).

Why does the scheme need a portal and an app?

To end the old problem of paper-based reporting, which often hid delays and weak implementation. The portal tracks state-wise funds and timelines in real time, and the app lets field officers prove progress through geo-tagged, time-stamped photos before the next fund instalment is released.

Background Concepts (Q&A)

What is the SC Sub Plan (SCSP)?

The Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) is a planning and budgeting mechanism that requires central ministries and state governments to earmark a share of their development funds for the welfare of Scheduled Castes, broadly in proportion to the SC share in the population. The mechanism was first conceptualised in the late 1970s. The Special Central Assistance to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCA to SCSP) was an earlier scheme under which the Centre provided additional, top-up funds to states to boost SCSP outcomes, especially income-generating projects for SC households below the poverty line. It has now been merged into PM-AJAY.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY), consider the following statements:

1. PM-AJAY is a 100 per cent Centrally Sponsored umbrella scheme launched in FY 2021-22.
2. It is implemented by the Department of Social Justice and Empowerment.
3. It merges the Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana, the Special Central Assistance to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan, and the Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana.
4. Its aim is to reduce poverty among Scheduled Caste communities through skill development and income-generating assets.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about the Adarsh Gram component of PM-AJAY:

1. A village is eligible for Adarsh Gram development if its Scheduled Caste population exceeds 40 per cent and its total population is at least 500.
2. Each selected village receives a gap-filling infrastructure grant of ₹2 lakh and ₹1 lakh for local administrative costs.
3. Progress is monitored against 50 socio-economic indicators across 10 developmental domains.
4. The Adarsh Gram component is implemented exclusively by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. With reference to the newly launched PM-AJAY Portal and AJAY Mobile Application, consider the following statements:

1. The PM-AJAY Portal acts as a centralised Management Information System to track state-wise allocations and fund flows.
2. The AJAY Mobile App allows field inspectors to upload geo-tagged and time-stamped photographs from project sites.
3. The digital tools are intended to link the release of subsequent funding instalments to verified on-ground progress.
4. The tools also handle direct cash transfers to individual Scheduled Caste beneficiaries.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. Consider the following statements about Centrally Sponsored Schemes and the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan:

1. A Centrally Sponsored Scheme is typically funded jointly by the Centre and the States.
2. A “100 per cent Centrally Sponsored” scheme is funded entirely by the Centre but implemented by the States.
3. The Scheduled Caste Sub Plan requires central ministries and states to earmark a share of their development funds for SC welfare, broadly in proportion to the SC share in the population.
4. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is operated by the Ministry of Education.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the Adarsh Gram component is part of PM-AJAY under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, not the Ministry of Rural Development.
3. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the PM-AJAY Portal and AJAY App are designed for project tracking, monitoring, and milestone verification, not for direct cash transfers to individual SC beneficiaries. DBT to individuals is handled through the PFMS and Aadhaar-linked DBT architecture, not the AJAY app.
4. (e), All four statements are correct.

Exam Relevance

Exam	Relevance
UPSC Prelims	GS Paper II on Government Schemes, Welfare of vulnerable sections, Social Justice
UPSC Mains	GS Paper II on Welfare schemes for SC/ST, Government policies, Social justice
BPSC and State PCS	Welfare schemes, Social justice, Current Affairs
Banking (RBI Gr B, NABARD)	General Awareness on government welfare schemes
NABARD Grade A

2. India Launches Its BRICS 2026 Tourism Agenda

Source: PIB

Context:

India has officially kicked off its tourism agenda under its BRICS 2026 Chairship by hosting the first Tourism Working Group (TWG) meeting in virtual mode. The meeting brings together tourism ministers, officials, and industry experts from BRICS member countries to co-create unified travel frameworks, share technology best practices, and expand the tourism workforce’s skills. Under India’s leadership, the 2026 TWG is focused on building a modern, digital, and sustainable intra-BRICS travel corridor, helping tourism economies recover from lingering pandemic effects and global supply shocks through green transitions and digital public integration.

Key Highlights

• Event: First BRICS Tourism Working Group (TWG) Meeting under India’s BRICS 2026 Chairship.
• Mode: Virtual.

Five priority areas under the 2026 TWG:

Priority	Focus
AI Integration	AI-driven visitor advisory, predictive tourism flow algorithms, smart hospitality
Sustainability & Responsible Tourism	Low-carbon travel footprints, waste reduction in heritage zones, revenue flowing to indigenous communities
Skilling & Capacity Building	Collaborative certification networks, digital literacy, hospitality training
Seamless Travel Facilitation	Easier border checks, e-visas, visa-free models, intra-BRICS exchanges
The Jaipur Roadmap	Path to the 2nd TWG Meeting and the BRICS Tourism Ministers’ Meeting in Jaipur, where a joint ministerial declaration will be finalised

BRICS 2026 Presidency, theme and pillars:

• Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”.
• Four pillars of India’s presidency:

Pillar	What it covers
Resilience	Macroeconomic and supply-chain buffers; protection against unilateral sanctions, freight instability, and energy shocks
Innovation	Exporting India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), fintech, and open-source assets to the Global South
Cooperation	Reforms in UN Security Council, World Bank, IMF, and multilateral trade platforms
Sustainability	Green finance, alternative energy storage, carbon reduction balanced with national priorities

BRICS 2026 Visual Identity:

• Radiating multi-coloured petals that reflect member country flags, symbolising diversity and unity.
• Central “Namaste” emblem, reflecting India’s civilisational values of warmth, mutual respect, and dialogue.

About BRICS itself:

Aspect	Detail
Origin	BRIC (2006) with Brazil, Russia, India, China
Expansion	South Africa added in 2010, making it BRICS
Recent expansion (BRICS+)	Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, and others joined in 2024 onwards, with several more states in partner status
Function	Plurilateral economic and political alliance, counterweight to G7-led Western financial architecture
Key institutions	New Development Bank (NDB) based in Shanghai; Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)

Background Concepts (Q&A)

What is BRICS?

BRICS is a plurilateral grouping of major emerging economies, originally Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC), formed as an informal forum in 2006. South Africa joined in 2010, making it BRICS. From 2024 onwards, the group has been expanding into BRICS+ with new members such as Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE, and additional partner states. The group aims to serve as a counterweight to G7-led Western financial architectures by promoting emerging-economy interests, reforming multilateral institutions, and strengthening South-South cooperation. Its key institutions include the New Development Bank (NDB) headquartered in Shanghai, and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) for liquidity support.

What is Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)?

Digital Public Infrastructure refers to open, interoperable digital systems that act as foundational layers for government services, private innovation, and citizen interactions. India’s DPI stack includes Aadhaar (identity), UPI (payments), Account Aggregator (data sharing), DigiLocker (documents), CoWIN (vaccine certification), ONDC (commerce), Bhashini (language), and Unified Lending Interface (ULI). India has emerged as a global thought leader on DPI, with G20 endorsement of the DPI approach, and active export of its stack to countries across the Global South. The BRICS 2026 “Innovation” pillar specifically positions DPI as a key Indian export to other BRICS members.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the recent BRICS 2026 Tourism Working Group (TWG) meeting hosted by India, consider the following statements:

1. The first TWG meeting under India’s BRICS 2026 Chairship was held in virtual mode.
2. The meeting identified five priority areas including AI integration, sustainability, skilling, seamless travel facilitation, and the Jaipur Roadmap.
3. The second TWG meeting and BRICS Tourism Ministers’ Meeting are planned to be held in Jaipur.
4. A formal joint ministerial declaration is expected to be finalised at the Jaipur meeting.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about India’s BRICS 2026 Presidency:

1. The central theme of the presidency is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”.
2. Its four pillars are Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability.
3. The Innovation pillar specifically focuses on exporting India’s Digital Public Infrastructure to the Global South.
4. The official BRICS 2026 logo features radiating multi-coloured petals and a central “Namaste” emblem.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. With reference to BRICS, consider the following statements:

1. The group was originally conceived as BRIC in 2006 with Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
2. South Africa joined the grouping in 2010, making it BRICS.
3. The New Development Bank, established by BRICS, is headquartered in Shanghai.
4. The Contingent Reserve Arrangement is a liquidity-support mechanism among BRICS members.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. With reference to Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in India, consider the following statements:

1. DPI refers to open, interoperable digital systems that serve as foundational layers for public and private services.
2. India’s DPI stack includes Aadhaar, UPI, Account Aggregator, DigiLocker, and ONDC.
3. India has been actively exporting elements of its DPI to other countries in the Global South.
4. India’s BRICS 2026 Presidency positions DPI as a key area of cooperation under the Innovation pillar.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (e), All four statements are correct.
3. (e), All four statements are correct.
4. (e), All four statements are correct.

Exam Relevance

PSC Prelims	GS Paper II on International Relations (BRICS, NDB, CRA); GS Paper III on Indian Economy (Tourism, Digital Public Infrastructure)
UPSC Mains	GS Paper II on India and the world, plurilateral groupings, BRICS, Global South
Essay	“India and the Global South”, “Tourism as soft power”, “Building a multipolar world”
BPSC and State PCS	International Affairs, Economy, Current Affairs
Banking (RBI Gr B, NABARD)	General Awareness, moderate to high importance
SSC, Insurance, Railway	Static and Current GK on BRICS, NDB, CRA, tourism

3. Jaishankar Hosts the Quad Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in New Delhi

Source: TH

Context:

External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar has hosted a landmark Quad Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (QFMM) at Hyderabad House in New Delhi, attended by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Japan’s Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, and Australia’s Foreign Minister Penny Wong. The meeting reaffirmed the Quad’s core mission: a free, open, inclusive, and resilient Indo-Pacific built on sovereignty, freedom of navigation, and peaceful dispute resolution.

Key Highlights

• Event: Quad Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (QFMM).
• Host: EAM S. Jaishankar.
• Venue: Hyderabad House, New Delhi.

The Quad in brief:

Aspect	Detail
Members	India, United States, Australia, Japan
Nature	Non-military, plurilateral strategic coalition
Founding character	Informal, consultative, no permanent secretariat or treaty
Identity	Coalition of maritime democracies

Evolution of the Quad:

Year	Milestone
2004	Crystallised as the “Tsunami Core Group” after the Indian Ocean Tsunami for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)
2007	Formalised as a diplomatic dialogue by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe at the ASEAN Regional Forum in Manila
2008-2017	Decade-long hiatus
2017	Revived at the senior officials’ level at the East Asia Summit in Manila
2021	First Quad Leaders’ Summit held virtually on 12 March 2021

Quad’s stated objectives:

• A free, open, inclusive, and resilient Indo-Pacific.
• Freedom of navigation and peaceful dispute resolution.
• Transparent alternatives to coercive economic and strategic practices.
• A rules-based international order.

Four new initiative areas:

Initiative	What it does
Quad Initiative on Indo-Pacific Energy Security	Cooperation for open, stable energy markets, diversified supply chains, and strategic petroleum systems. US to host a Quad Fuel Forum this year.
Indo-Pacific Maritime Surveillance Collaboration (IPMSC)	Pool maritime surveillance and share real-time data on ship movements, including against “dark ships”
Critical minerals cooperation	Secure supply chains for minerals needed in tech and clean energy
Port in Fiji	Quad-supported port-building in the Pacific Islands

About the News

What is the Quad?

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is a non-military, plurilateral group of four maritime democracies, India, the United States, Australia, and Japan, working together for a free, open, inclusive, and resilient Indo-Pacific.

How did the Quad begin?

It started as an informal “Tsunami Core Group” in 2004 to coordinate relief operations after the Indian Ocean tsunami, and was formalised as a diplomatic dialogue in 2007 by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe in Manila.

When did the Quad become a Leaders’ Summit-level forum?

The first Quad Leaders’ Summit was held virtually on 12 March 2021, elevating the grouping from a ministerial dialogue to a leader-level cooperation framework.

What does the Quad work on?

Six structured working groups cover climate change, critical and emerging technologies, cybersecurity, health security, infrastructure, and space cooperation. Three landmark initiatives include the IPMDA, the Quad STEM Fellowship, and the Unified Counter-Terrorism Grid.

Is the Quad a military alliance?

No. The Quad has no formal treaty, no permanent secretariat, and no binding military obligations. It is described as a non-military strategic coalition focused on cooperation, transparency, and rules-based order.

Background Concepts

What is the Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA)?

A Quad initiative launched at the Tokyo Summit in May 2022. The IPMDA uses commercial satellite tracking technology, including Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and other sensor inputs, to give regional coast guards and maritime agencies a near-real-time, integrated picture of ship movements in the Indo-Pacific. It is designed to help smaller countries detect illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, dark shipping (vessels that switch off transponders), and maritime piracy in their exclusive economic zones. India’s Information Fusion Centre, Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) in Gurugram plays a key role as a regional information-sharing hub.

What is the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)?

The Financial Action Task Force is an inter-governmental body set up by the G7 in 1989, headquartered in Paris, that sets global standards for combating money laundering, terror financing, and the financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. FATF issues recommendations that member jurisdictions are expected to follow, and evaluates countries through mutual evaluations. Countries that fall short can be placed on the “grey list” (Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring) or the “black list” (High-Risk Jurisdictions subject to a Call for Action). The Quad’s Unified Counter-Terrorism Grid specifically calls for global compliance with FATF guidelines, which has direct implications for India’s regional security concerns.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), consider the following statements:

1. The Quad consists of India, the United States, Australia, and Japan.
2. It is a non-military, plurilateral strategic coalition without a formal treaty or permanent secretariat.
3. It first crystallised as the “Tsunami Core Group” in 2004 for humanitarian assistance after the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
4. It was formalised as a diplomatic dialogue in 2007 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Manila.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about the evolution and structure of the Quad:

1. The first Quad Leaders’ Summit was held virtually on 12 March 2021.
2. The Quad operates through structured working groups covering climate, critical technologies, cybersecurity, health, infrastructure, and space.
3. The Quad Cyber Challenge is an annual initiative under the Cybersecurity Working Group.
4. The Quad has formal treaty-based binding military obligations on member states.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. With reference to landmark Quad initiatives, consider the following statements:

1. The Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) was launched at the Tokyo Quad Summit in 2022.
2. The IPMDA uses commercial satellite tracking to give near-real-time data on IUU fishing, dark shipping, and piracy.
3. The Quad STEM Fellowship supports 100 graduate students annually with 25 from each member country.
4. The Quad’s Unified Counter-Terrorism Grid demands global compliance with FATF guidelines and intelligence sharing on illicit financial flows.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. With reference to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), consider the following statements:

1. FATF is an inter-governmental body set up by the G7 in 1989 and is headquartered in Paris.
2. It sets global standards on combating money laundering, terror financing, and proliferation financing.
3. Countries that do not adequately implement FATF standards can be placed on its “grey list” or “black list”.
4. FATF directly imposes legally binding economic sanctions on non-compliant countries.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the Quad does NOT have treaty-based binding military obligations. It is a non-military, informal coalition.
3. (e), All four statements are correct.
4. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; FATF does NOT directly impose legally binding sanctions. It issues standards and recommendations, and its listings (grey or black) create diplomatic and reputational pressure that can influence investor decisions, correspondent banking access, and IMF/World Bank assessments, but FATF itself does not impose sanctions.

4. ICMR Launches “Medical Innovations Patent Mitra

Context:

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has launched “Medical Innovations Patent Mitra: Innovators-to-Industry (I2I) Connect”, described as India’s largest biomedical innovation and technology transfer platform, at an event in New Delhi. The platform is built to close the long-standing gap between scientific research in laboratories and actual products in the market, by helping ICMR institutes, universities, and startups transfer their healthcare technologies to industry partners for large-scale manufacturing and public use.

Key Highlights

• Initiative: Medical Innovations Patent Mitra: Innovators-to-Industry (I2I) Connect.
• Launched by: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
• Venue of launch: New Delhi.
• Stated scale: India’s largest biomedical innovation and technology transfer platform.

Main objectives:

Objective	What it means
Bridge research and industry	Move technologies from ICMR institutes and labs into commercial production
Affordable healthcare	Bring down costs by enabling indigenous manufacturing
Strengthen the IP ecosystem	Support patent filing, protection, and licensing
Public-private partnerships	Bring researchers, startups, and industry on one platform
Support Viksit Bharat 2047	Build an innovation-led, self-reliant health economy

Five core features:

Feature	Detail
Technology Transfer Platform	Direct transfer of biomedical technologies from research institutions to industry for large-scale production
Indigenous Healthcare Innovation	More than 100 Indian technologies showcased across diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, and medical devices
Public Health Focus	Technologies cover diseases like typhoid, paratyphoid, tuberculosis, Japanese Encephalitis, Mpox, KFD, and Chandipura virus
IP Ecosystem	Release of the Indian Biomedical Patent Landscape Report and the Technology Compendium
Public-Private Partnership	Brings together researchers, startups, and healthcare companies to expand India’s biomedical manufacturing base

Diseases covered by the showcased technologies:

• Typhoid and Paratyphoid (waterborne bacterial infections).
• Tuberculosis (TB), a long-standing public health priority.
• Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Mpox (formerly Monkeypox), a global concern.
• Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to parts of Karnataka and the Western Ghats.
• Chandipura virus, a vector-borne virus that has caused outbreaks in Gujarat and other states.

Background Concepts (Q&A)

What is the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)?

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is India’s apex body for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research. It functions under the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Headquartered in New Delhi, ICMR was originally established in 1911 as the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA), and renamed ICMR in 1949. It runs a network of about 27 national institutes focused on specific diseases (such as tuberculosis, virology, vector-borne diseases, cholera, leprosy, cancer, food and drug toxicology, occupational health, and statistics) and six Regional Medical Research Centres. ICMR played a key role in India’s COVID-19 response, clinical-trial guidelines, National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research, and disease surveillance.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the recently launched “Medical Innovations Patent Mitra: Innovators-to-Industry (I2I) Connect”, consider the following statements:

1. It has been launched by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
2. It is described as India’s largest biomedical innovation and technology transfer platform.
3. It aims to bridge the gap between scientific research and industrial commercialisation in healthcare.
4. The platform showcased over 100 Indian biomedical technologies across diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, and medical devices.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR):

1. ICMR is India’s apex body for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research.
2. It functions under the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. It was originally established in 1911 as the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA).
4. ICMR is responsible for the regulation of mutual funds and securities markets in India.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. Consider the following diseases for which Indian biomedical technologies were showcased under the I2I Connect platform:

1. Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)
2. Chandipura virus
3. Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
4. Mpox

Which of the above were covered by the showcased technologies? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. With reference to technology transfer in biomedical research, consider the following statements:

1. Technology transfer involves moving a scientific invention from a research lab to industry for production and distribution.
2. The process typically includes disclosure, patent filing, licensing, and scale-up.
3. Patent licensing usually involves upfront fees, milestone payments, and royalties for the inventor or institution.
4. Patent Mitra (I2I Connect) is designed to facilitate the technology transfer process for biomedical innovations in India.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the regulation of mutual funds and securities markets is the role of SEBI, NOT ICMR. ICMR’s role is in biomedical research, public health, and disease control.
3. (e), All four statements are correct.
4. (e), All four statements are correct.

5. Kopra Reservoir in Chhattisgarh Emerges as a National Biodiversity Model After Ramsar Recognition

Context:

The Kopra Reservoir in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, the state’s first Ramsar Site of International Importance, has emerged as a national biodiversity model that perfectly fits the 2026 International Day for Biological Diversity (22 May) theme, “Local Action, Global Impact”. Originally built as an artificial water-storage reservoir for irrigation and fish farming, Kopra has slowly grown into a self-sustaining wetland ecosystem thanks to community management by local villages and panchayats, strong avian biodiversity, and conservation-friendly land-use practices around its perimeter.

Key Highlights

• Wetland: Kopra Reservoir.
• State: Chhattisgarh.
• District: Bilaspur.
• Special status: Chhattisgarh’s first Ramsar Site, designated in 2025.

Why Kopra matters:

Role	What it does
Migratory bird flyway node	Stopover and wintering site for thousands of long-distance migratory birds on Central Indian flyways
Rich aquatic food web	Healthy supply of fish, macro-invertebrates, and foraging material for birds
Multiple micro-habitats	Deep open water, shallow marshes, and aquatic vegetation beds, supporting nesting and roosting
Community-led bio-fencing	Living green barriers protect breeding grounds from human and cattle pressure
Hydrological stabiliser	Big groundwater recharge basin, maintains the water table, supports nearby farms

Recognition

Environmentalists’ push led to Ramsar listing in 2025, marking it Chhattisgarh’s first Ramsar site

India’s wetland and Ramsar landscape:

• India has over 89 Ramsar Sites (the largest network in Asia) as of 2024.
• The National Wetlands Conservation Programme (NWCP) and the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 are the main policy frameworks.
• The Amrit Dharohar initiative (2023) focuses on community participation, ecotourism, biodiversity, and carbon stock at Ramsar sites.
• India joined the Ramsar Convention in 1982, with Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) as the first two Indian Ramsar sites.

Background Concepts (Q&A)

What is the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands?

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, signed in the city of Ramsar in Iran on 2 February 1971, is an international treaty dedicated to the conservation and wise use of wetlands. It came into force in 1975, with its Secretariat hosted by the IUCN in Gland, Switzerland. Countries that join the convention agree to designate at least one wetland for the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar List) and to promote the wise use of all wetlands within their territory. Ramsar sites get international recognition, technical support, and access to global conservation networks. India joined the convention in 1982, with Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) as its first two listed sites. The convention’s three pillars are wise use, designation of Ramsar Sites, and international cooperation. World Wetlands Day is observed every year on 2 February.

What is “Bio-Fencing”?

Bio-fencing is the practice of growing living plants (such as thorny shrubs, dense hedges, fast-growing trees, or specific local species) along the boundary of a field, water body, or wetland to create a natural protective barrier. Compared to concrete, brick, or wire fencing, bio-fencing is cheaper, locally available, more ecologically friendly, and self-renewing, while also providing habitat for small birds and insects, shade, carbon storage, and even fodder or fruit in some species. In a wetland context, bio-fencing helps stop cattle from entering breeding areas, slow down human encroachment, and filter agricultural runoff before it reaches the water. The Kopra example shows how this traditional, low-cost technique can be scaled up as a serious conservation tool.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the Kopra Reservoir, consider the following statements:

1. It is located in the Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh.
2. It is Chhattisgarh’s first Ramsar Site of International Importance, designated in 2025.
3. It was originally built as an artificial reservoir for irrigation and fish farming.
4. It functions as a wintering and stopover site for long-distance migratory birds.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands:

1. It was signed in 1971 in the city of Ramsar in Iran.
2. It came into force in 1975.
3. India joined the Ramsar Convention in 1982.
4. Chilika Lake in Odisha and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan were among India’s first listed Ramsar Sites.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. Consider the following statements about wetland conservation in India:

1. India has over 89 Ramsar Sites and currently has the largest Ramsar network in Asia.
2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 provide the main domestic regulatory framework.
3. The Amrit Dharohar initiative was launched in 2023 to promote community participation, ecotourism, and biodiversity at Ramsar Sites.
4. World Wetlands Day is observed every year on 22 May.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. With reference to “bio-fencing” and its use at the Kopra Reservoir, consider the following statements:

1. Bio-fencing uses living plants to create a natural protective barrier around fields, water bodies, or wetlands.
2. At Kopra Reservoir, bio-fencing is used to protect breeding bird grounds from cattle and human encroachment.
3. Bio-fencing is typically cheaper, more eco-friendly, and self-renewing compared to concrete or wire fencing.
4. Bio-fencing can also provide additional benefits such as habitat for small birds, fodder, fruit, or carbon storage depending on the species used.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (e), All four statements are correct.
3. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; World Wetlands Day is observed on 2 February every year, marking the signing of the Ramsar Convention in 1971. 22 May is the International Day for Biological Diversity, not World Wetlands Day.
4. (e), All four statements are correct.

Exam Relevance

UPSC Prelims	GS Paper III on Environment (Ramsar, wetlands, biodiversity); GS Paper I on Geography (Wetland ecosystems)
UPSC Mains	GS Paper III on Environment, Biodiversity, Conservation, Climate change
BPSC and State PCS	Environment, Geography, Current Affairs
Banking and NABARD	General Awareness, moderate importance
NABARD Grade A	Rural environment, agriculture-water linkages

Banking/Finance

1. IRDAI Ties Top Insurance Bosses’ Pay to How Well They Treat Customers

Source: ET

Context:

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has changed how the top bosses of insurance companies will be paid. From now on, a big part of their bonus, incentives, and other variable pay will depend on how well they look after customers, how fast they settle claims, and how quickly they solve complaints. The new rules apply to Managing Directors (MDs), CEOs, and other Key Management Personnel (KMP) of life, general, and health insurance companies. They take effect right away and will be used to judge performance from FY 2026-27 onwards.

Key Highlights

• Regulator: IRDAI.
• Effective: Immediate, used for FY 2026-27 performance reviews onwards.
• Who is affected: MDs, CEOs, Whole-Time Directors, and other Key Management Personnel of insurance companies.

About the News

What has IRDAI changed?

The way senior executives of insurance companies earn their variable pay (bonus and incentives). From now on, half of their performance score will be based on customer-focused and governance-focused rules set by IRDAI, and the other half on company performance set by the board.

Which two parameters carry a fixed 10 per cent weight each?

(a) Implementation of Indian Accounting Standards. (b) Removal of dark patterns in the company’s interactions and through its distributors.

How will customer service now be tracked?

(a) How many claims are settled within 15, 30, and 60 days. (b) How many claims are still unresolved at the end of each reporting period. (c) Complaints counted separately from service requests. (d) How many complaints are resolved within set timelines. (e) Most of these have to be disclosed every month.

How is executive pay transparency improved?

Each insurance company must put the parameters used to decide executive pay, along with three years of performance trends, on its website in a simple, easy-to-read format.

Why does the risk symmetry rule matter?

Because insurance is a long-tail business. A policy sold today may create claims many years later. If executives are paid heavily today for short-term gains, the company can run into trouble later. The new rules tie pay to actual risk taken and the time horizon of that risk.

Background Concepts

What are “Dark Patterns”?

Dark patterns are tricks used in apps, websites, and forms to push people into doing something they didn’t really want to do, like buying an extra cover, missing a cancellation deadline, or agreeing to charges hidden in fine print. Common examples include pre-ticked boxes for add-on covers, hard-to-find unsubscribe options, misleading “auto-renew” designs, and urgency or scarcity tricks like fake countdowns. In India, the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued the Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns in 2023, which list specific banned patterns. IRDAI’s new rule makes the removal of dark patterns part of how an insurance company’s top executives are judged, giving the issue direct teeth in the boardroom.

Who are “Key Management Personnel (KMP)” in an insurance company?

Key Management Personnel are the most senior decision-makers of the company. In insurance, KMPs usually include the Managing Director (MD), Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Whole-Time Directors (WTDs), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Risk Officer (CRO), Appointed Actuary, Chief Investment Officer (CIO), Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Marketing Officer, and others identified by the board. They are the people whose decisions most directly shape policy design, pricing, claim handling, investments, and customer experience. IRDAI’s revised pay rules apply to this group.

What is the “Persistency Ratio” in life insurance?

Persistency ratio measures how many life insurance policies are still active (premium paid) after a given period. For example, a 13-month persistency of 80 per cent means 80 out of every 100 policies sold last year are still being renewed after 13 months. Higher persistency means customers are happy, the insurer earns renewal premium, and the policyholder gets the long-term benefits the policy was meant to provide. Low persistency means mis-selling, surrender, or lapse, which hurts both the customer and the insurer. IRDAI specifically tracks persistency as one of the financial-soundness measures for life insurers under the new framework.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to IRDAI’s recent changes in executive pay rules for insurance companies, consider the following statements:

1. The rules apply to Key Management Personnel including MDs and CEOs of insurance companies.
2. The changes will be used to assess performance from FY 2026-27 onwards.
3. Fifty per cent of the performance score will be based on parameters set by IRDAI.
4. The remaining fifty per cent will be based on company performance, with parameters set by the board or the Nomination and Remuneration Committee.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about the parameters under IRDAI’s new performance framework:

1. Implementation of Indian Accounting Standards carries a fixed weight of 10 per cent.
2. Removal of dark patterns in customer and distributor interactions carries a fixed weight of 10 per cent.
3. Claim settlement responsiveness and grievance redressal are part of the IRDAI-prescribed parameters.
4. Performance disclosures relating to claims and complaints must be updated quarterly.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. With reference to “dark patterns” in the consumer protection framework, consider the following statements:

1. Dark patterns are design tricks that push users into actions they did not intend.
2. The Central Consumer Protection Authority issued guidelines on dark patterns in 2023.
3. Pre-ticked add-on boxes, hard-to-find cancel options, and fake urgency are examples of dark patterns.
4. IRDAI has linked the removal of dark patterns to executive performance pay in insurance companies.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. Consider the following statements about persistency ratio and customer-service measures in insurance:

1. The persistency ratio shows how many life insurance policies remain in force after a given period.
2. A higher persistency ratio generally indicates greater customer satisfaction with the policy.
3. Under the new IRDAI framework, insurers must publicly disclose the proportion of claims settled within 15, 30, and 60 days.
4. The Risk Management Committee plays no role under the new IRDAI executive pay framework.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; claim handling, complaint redressal, and product performance must be updated MONTHLY, not quarterly. Only the financial soundness numbers are updated quarterly.
3. (e), All four statements are correct.
4. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the Risk Management Committee does have a role. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee must consult the Risk Management Committee to make sure pay is fair, risk-aligned, and sensitive to the time horizon of risks.

2. Finance Minister Sitharaman Launches Three New SIDBI Initiatives

Source: News on Air

Context:

Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, at the 37th anniversary celebrations of the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) in Mumbai, has launched three major new initiatives aimed at strengthening Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India.

Three new SIDBI initiatives:

Initiative	Aim	Key Features
SIDBI MachFin Mart	A B2B digital marketplace for MSMEs to buy modern machinery with built-in financing	Transparent price discovery; quality-benchmark filters; integrated low-interest asset financing via SIDBI; faster shift from manual to automated production
RRB Co-Lending Portal	A data-sharing bridge between SIDBI and Regional Rural Banks to push credit to rural micro-enterprises	Risk-sharing architecture; digital scoring instead of physical underwriting; last-mile penetration to borrowers without formal credit history; unified dashboard down to the district level
Modernisation of Rural Enterprises (MoRE) Programme	A three-year framework to modernise 10,000 rural micro and artisanal units between 2026 and 2029	Cluster-based interventions (handloom, pottery, etc.); structured training, digital literacy, and financial coaching; supply-chain integration with e-commerce; green energy and energy-efficient tools

About the News (Q&A)

What does SIDBI MachFin Mart do?

It is a digital B2B marketplace that lets MSMEs: (a) Compare prices of machinery across verified vendors. (b) Filter for quality benchmarks. (c) Access low-interest financing built into the platform through SIDBI. (d) Move from manual assembly lines to modern automated production.

What does the RRB Co-Lending Portal do?

It allows SIDBI and Regional Rural Banks to co-lend to rural micro-enterprises by combining: (a) SIDBI’s capital and digital scoring. (b) RRBs’ ground network and local knowledge. The result is faster loans, lower turnaround time, and reduced dependence on moneylenders.

What does the MoRE Programme do?

It targets 10,000 rural micro and artisanal units between 2026 and 2029, working at the cluster level (such as handloom or pottery clusters), and provides: (a) Training, digital literacy, and financial coaching. (b) Supply-chain integration with e-commerce. (c) Green energy and energy-efficient tools. (d) Modern inventory management.

Background Concepts

What is SIDBI?

The Small Industries Development Bank of India is India’s principal financial institution for the promotion, financing, and development of the MSME sector. It was established in 1990 under the SIDBI Act, 1989, with headquarters in Lucknow. SIDBI provides direct and indirect credit to MSMEs, runs schemes for development, technology, marketing, and skill upgradation, supports the micro-finance institutions that lend to small borrowers, and operates flagship platforms such as the TReDS platform (Receivables Exchange of India Limited, Mynd Solutions, A.TReDS), the Stand-Up India platform, the CGTMSE (jointly with the Centre), and a range of co-lending and digital MSME initiatives. SIDBI also acts as the secretariat for several MSME-focused funds and is increasingly being positioned as a market-maker and risk-sharing partner for MSME credit.

What is “Co-Lending” between two regulated lenders?

Co-lending is an arrangement in which two regulated lenders jointly provide a loan to a borrower, sharing the loan amount, risk, and returns in agreed proportions. In India, the RBI’s Co-Lending Model (CLM), 2020 allows banks and NBFCs to co-lend to priority sector borrowers, where the bank brings cheap capital and the NBFC brings last-mile reach and customer knowledge. The same principle is now being extended between SIDBI (which has deep capital and digital infrastructure) and Regional Rural Banks (which have rural-level branches and ground intelligence) to lend to rural micro-enterprises. Co-lending is increasingly seen as a key channel for taking formal credit to underserved segments while keeping the cost-of-funds low and risk shared.

Practice MCQs

Q1. With reference to the recent SIDBI initiatives launched by the Union Finance Minister, consider the following statements:

1. SIDBI MachFin Mart is a B2B digital marketplace for MSMEs to buy modern manufacturing machinery.
2. The RRB Co-Lending Portal is designed to link SIDBI’s capital strength with the rural reach of Regional Rural Banks.
3. The Modernisation of Rural Enterprises (MoRE) Programme aims to modernise 10,000 rural micro and artisanal units between 2026 and 2029.
4. The MoRE Programme uses a cluster-based approach rather than scattered individual funding.

How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (e) None

Q2. Consider the following statements about MSMEs in India:

1. MSMEs contribute roughly 30 per cent of India’s GDP.
2. They account for about 45 per cent of India’s manufacturing output and over 48 per cent of total exports.
3. The MSME sector employs more than 11 crore people in India.
4. The revised MSME classification (2020) is based on investment in plant and machinery and annual turnover.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q3. With reference to the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), consider the following statements:

1. SIDBI was established in 1990 under the SIDBI Act, 1989.
2. Its headquarters are in Lucknow.
3. SIDBI provides direct and indirect credit to MSMEs and operates platforms such as TReDS.
4. SIDBI is the apex regulator of stock exchanges in India.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Q4. With reference to co-lending in India, consider the following statements:

1. Co-lending is an arrangement in which two regulated lenders jointly provide a loan to the same borrower.
2. The RBI’s Co-Lending Model, 2020 allows banks and NBFCs to co-lend to priority sector borrowers.
3. The new SIDBI-RRB Co-Lending Portal is designed to channel credit to rural micro-enterprises.
4. Co-lending is intended to combine the lower cost of funds of one lender with the last-mile reach of another.

Which of the above are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only (e) All four

Answer Key

1. (d), All four statements are correct.
2. (e), All four statements are correct.
3. (a), Statements 1, 2, 3 are correct. Statement 4 is wrong; the apex regulator of stock exchanges in India is SEBI, NOT SIDBI. SIDBI is a development financial institution for MSMEs, not a stock-market regulator.
4. (e), All four statements are correct.

Exam Relevance

Exam	Relevance
UPSC Prelims	GS Paper III on Indian Economy (MSMEs, SIDBI, Co-lending, PSL)
UPSC Mains	GS Paper III on Indian Economy, Industrial development, Financial inclusion
Banking (RBI Gr B, SBI PO, IBPS, NABARD)	Very high importance; SIDBI, co-lending, RRBs, MSMEs
NABARD Grade A	Core area; rural enterprises, MSME finance
SIDBI Grade A	Very high importance, core to the institution
SEBI, IRDAI	Financial-sector regulation awareness

Facts To Remember

1. IBCA Pre-Summit Inaugurated in Bhopal by Bhupendra Yadav and MP CM Mohan Yadav

Union Minister Bhupendra Yadav and Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav inaugurated the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Pre-Summit at Indian Institute of Forest Management in Bhopal on the occasion of International Day for Biological Diversity. The MP Forest Department flagged off 20 motorcycles and a rescue truck for biodiversity awareness initiatives. Saudi Arabia joined IBCA as the 26th member nation, while MP announced Wildlife Rescue Centres near all tiger reserves.

2. Government Expands GATC Framework for Fuel Dispenser Verification

The Department of Consumer Affairs amended the Legal Metrology (GATC) Rules, 2013 to strengthen verification infrastructure for weights and measures across India. Under the revised framework, Government Approved Test Centres (GATCs) can now verify Petrol, Diesel, CNG, LPG, LNG, and Hydrogen dispensing systems. The amendment expands legal metrology coverage from 18 to 23 categories and aligns standards with International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) norms.

3. AYUSHEXCIL and Spices Board Sign MoU to Promote Ayush Exports

Ayush Export Promotion Council (AYUSHEXCIL) and the Spices Board of India signed an MoU to boost global promotion of Ayush products and medicinal spices. The agreement focuses on export promotion, quality assurance, innovation, branding, and international market expansion for nutraceutical and Ayurvedic products. The initiative is expected to support exporters, MSMEs, startups, women entrepreneurs, and farmers in India’s wellness economy.

4. Sarbananda Sonowal Launches ‘Maritime Reform Utsav’

Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal unveiled the nationwide “Maritime Reform Utsav” to commemorate 12 years of maritime reforms under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. The initiative aims to strengthen Ease of Doing Business, digital governance, and maritime sector efficiency under the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. It also includes AI-driven governance, integrated maritime digital platforms, grievance redressal systems, and skill development initiatives.

Google Launches Free AI Training Programme for Teachers in India

Google announced the ‘Google for Education Schoolers (GES)’ programme to provide free AI training for teachers across Maharashtra, Assam, Punjab, Ladakh, and other regions of India. The initiative, launched at the Education World Forum 2026 in London, will train educators on responsible AI usage and tools like Gemini in classrooms. The programme is being implemented in partnership with UNICEF and several state governments in six Indian languages.

5. Cyprus President Nikos Christodoulides Visits India

Nikos Christodoulides visited India from May 20–23, 2026, marking his first official visit in the current capacity. During meetings with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, both countries discussed cooperation in trade, defence, maritime connectivity, education, and technology. India and Cyprus signed six MoUs and announced a five-year roadmap for defence cooperation along with elevation of bilateral relations.

6. WHO’s 79th World Health Assembly Concludes in Geneva

The World Health Organization organised the 79th World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland, under the theme “Reshaping Global Health: A Shared Responsibility”. Member states adopted over 20 decisions and 13 resolutions on issues including stroke, tuberculosis, AMR, and precision medicine. Union Minister J. P. Nadda represented India and reaffirmed commitment to equitable healthcare.

7. RBI Introduces Cooling-off Period for UCB and RCB Directors

The Reserve Bank of India introduced a mandatory three-year cooling-off period for directors of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) and Rural Co-operative Banks (RCBs) after completing 10 years on the board. The amendment aims to prevent directors from bypassing tenure limits through temporary resignations and reappointments. RBI also formed an expert committee under the Q-SAFE initiative to study the impact of quantum technology on the financial sector.

8. Federal Bank Appoints Elias George as Part-Time Chairman

Elias George was appointed as the Part-Time Chairman of Federal Bank following approval from the RBI. The former IAS officer brings over 35 years of experience in infrastructure financing, governance, and public administration. He previously served as CEO of Kochi Metro Rail Limited and Additional Chief Secretary of Kerala.

9. LIC Raises Stake in Central Bank of India to 6.06%

Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) increased its stake in Central Bank of India to 6.06% by acquiring 26.26 crore equity shares through market purchases. The acquisition was part of the Government of India’s Offer for Sale (OFS) under its disinvestment strategy. The move strengthened LIC’s presence in the public sector banking space.

10. China Launches Shenzhou-23 Mission to Tiangong Space Station

China launched the Shenzhou-23 Mission carrying three astronauts to the Tiangong Space Station aboard a Long March-2F Y23 rocket. The mission will conduct more than 100 scientific experiments in space medicine, microgravity physics, and aerospace science. Astronaut Li Jiaying became the first astronaut from Hong Kong to participate in a Chinese space mission.

11. Kimi Antonelli Wins Canadian Grand Prix 2026

Italian Formula One driver Kimi Antonelli won the 2026 Canadian Grand Prix held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Canada. The Mercedes driver secured his fourth consecutive Formula One victory ahead of Lewis Hamilton and Max Verstappen. Antonelli further extended his lead in the FIA Formula One Drivers’ Championship standings.

12. Rohit Rajpal Appointed India’s Chef de Mission for CWG 2026

The Indian Olympic Association appointed former Davis Cup captain Rohit Rajpal as India’s Chef de Mission for the 2026 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland. Ravi Bengani was named Deputy Chef de Mission, while PT Usha and other senior officials will lead the Indian delegation. Former boxer Mary Kom was also included as a special guest.

13. Swara Lakshmi Nair Becomes Karnataka’s Second Woman International Master

Nineteen-year-old chess player Swara Lakshmi Nair achieved the Woman International Master (WIM) title after her performance at the Ptuj International Masters tournament in Slovenia. She became Karnataka’s second WIM and the first from Bengaluru to achieve the title. Swara now aims to cross the 2400 Elo mark and secure the Grandmaster title.

14. Himachal Pradesh CM Releases Novel ‘Bazaar’

Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu released the second edition of the novel Bazaar authored by Niranjan Dev Sharma. Published by Aadhar Prakashan, the novel explores major social and political developments in India between 1971 and 1992. The book highlights changes in rural-urban economies and socio-political movements.

15. World Schizophrenia Awareness Day 2026 Observed on May 24

World Schizophrenia Awareness Day was observed globally on May 24 to spread awareness about schizophrenia and promote compassionate mental healthcare. The day honours French physician Philippe Pinel, who pioneered humane treatment for psychiatric patients. The silver ribbon is recognised as the global symbol of schizophrenia awareness.

16. Commonwealth Day in India 2026 Observed on May 24

Commonwealth Day was observed in India on May 24 to commemorate Queen Victoria’s birth anniversary and promote Commonwealth unity and global cooperation. The 2026 celebrations were held at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi under the Fit India Sundays on Cycle programme. The observance traces its origin to Empire Day celebrations initiated in the early 20th century.

17. World Football Day 2026 Observed on May 25

The World Football Day was observed globally on May 25 to recognise football’s role in promoting peace, diplomacy, health, and social development. The day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly through Resolution A/RES/78/281 in 2024. FIFA and national football federations were acknowledged for promoting the sport worldwide.