October 24, 2024
Table of contents:
- Solar Radiation Management
- I4C Report
- Localized Weather Forecasting
- Industrial Alcohols
- E. Coli
- India to established its first coal exchange soon
- Solar Radiation Management: In a new study of geoengineering it is found that spraying diamond particles in upper atmosphere may cool down the Earth and could also help to combat global warming.
About Solar Radiation System (SRM):
- The term SRM refers to the use of reflecting materials such as diamonds in the atmosphere in order to reflect back the sunlight and reduce the amount of heat to reach the earth surface.
- A part from diamonds, materials that could be used includes Sulphur dioxide, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. But each material involves various risks based on their properties and reflectivity.
How it actually works?
- As we know that light could be reflected using highly reflected materials such as diamonds and mirrors. So, following this mechanism, when we spray diamond particles in the upper layer of atmosphere it may reflect back the solar radiation into the space.
- Ideally diamonds are considered because of its high reflectivity. So, technically it can reflect the high amount of sunlight.
- The inspiration of this experiment has been taken from the nature itself because as we know that during the volcanic eruption a large number of particles are scattered and that reduces the sunlight reaching the earth.
- Coming back to the practicality of the experiment, to achieve global temperature reduction of 1.6 degree Celsius we need to spray 5 million terms of diamond dust annually.
Advantages:
- This method of spring diamond dust offers of potential solution to immediately reduce the global temperature.
- Using diamonds for SRM will not directly contribute to carbon emission which means it is the ideal element to use for SRM which will be very helpful against the fight of climate change.
Limitations:
- The practicality of this experiment is still in doubt because spraying millions of tons of Diamonds dust annually are not practically possible because of its high cost and the limited resource.
- The consequences may also be different from the desired result. The experiment may disrupt the weathering patterns, affecting the rainfall and it may cause harm to ecosystem and biodiversity.
- This is not the permanent solution of the problem.
Conclusions:
Spraying Diamond dust in the atmosphere may be a theoretically promising experiment, but in order to fight against global warming and to address the issues like greenhouse gases we need to follow the different protocols such as reducing the greenhouse gases such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons, promoting the use of solar energy because the large amount of electricity is being produced through coal, promoting e vehicles and many more.
2. I4C Study: The Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre(I4C) which comes under Union Home Ministry, has projected that India will face some serious economic loss in the upcoming year from cyber frauds.
Key Findings:
- As per the report India is expected to loss around 1.2 lakh crore due to cyber fraud next year and the amount is equivalent to 0.7% of the GDP.
- Around 4000 new accounts has been identified daily which is being used for the scam.
- Around 18 ATM hotspot have been identified approach the India where fraudulent used to withdraw the amount. There are also some International ATMs their major transaction has been found and they are located in Dubai, Hong Kong, Bangkok, and Russia.
- The Origins of this scams has been found in China and the scam compound such as operating call centers are located in countries like Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Azerbaijan.
- It is also found that most of the money is being converted into cryptocurrency before being taken out of the country.
Conclusion:
Basically, this is a type of issue is being widely spread across the country. But when we talk about the solution it is definitely the matter of awareness. Do not give any kind of OTP via calls or never share your personal information online or offline and less and until you are sure about the authenticity of the person. Apart from this most common way of fraud is making the person click on the suspicious links so one should definitely take care of this thing. Also monitor your transaction regularly and always use two factor authentication for your sensitive information.
3. Localized Weather Forecasting:
- The ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with the Indian metrological department (IMD) launched a new initiative of localized weather forecasting to the gram panchayats.
Key Points:
- Gram panchayats will receive daily weather forecast along with hourly updates to boost their preparation for any upcoming natural disasters.
- This initiative has been launched to help the farmers provide accurate weather forecast in order to minimize risk of climate change and maximize agriculture practices.
- Apps like Gram Swaraj and Meri Panchayat mobile app will be providing the forecast data, ensuring easy access to the local authorities as well as masses of rural population.
- This initiative is taken to minimize to risk of climate change by promoting awareness and preparing for the disaster at the very grassroot level.
4. Industrial Alcohols: In a nine-judge this landmark judgement comes after multiple States challenge the centers claim that industrial alcohol comes under the control of union government as per entry 52 of the union list.
- Constitution bench of the supreme court appealed the right of state legislature to regulate industrial alcohol as an “intoxicant” as mentioned in the state list of the constitutions 7th schedule.
About the list:
State list Entry 8: The list grants the states the authority to regulate intoxicating liquor and regulate the activities of transport sale and position of the liquor.
Union list entry 52: the center argued that the constitution gives the Exclusive authority over industrial alcohol to the center under this principle.
But supreme court stated that the states authority overrides the union of authority under Entry 8.
About industrial alcohol:
- Industrial alcohol primary refers to the ethanol used for multiple industrial purposes such as production and manufacturing.
- This chemicals causes multiple health issues of human and animals. Apart from this the water life is also affected by this majorly.
5. E. Coli:
- Recently E. Coli has outbreak in the US and has caused death of a person and hospitalization of 10 people after consuming McDonald’s burger. The incident flash various concern regarding the food safety and spread of such dangerous infections.
About E. Coli: It is also a type of bacteria that resides in the humans and animal’s intestine. Some of the bacteria are very normal and harmless but some can cause serious illness.
- The dangerous strains produced by these bacteria is Shiga Toxins, and this could cause some serious damages to small intestine and could result causing diarrhea.
- Symptoms of diarrhea includes stomach cramps, fever and nausea. Notably, diarrhea is often bloody.
- These bacteria could be spread through contaminated, food, water and contact with any kind of solid waste that comes out from the body of human and animal.
- Children and elders are most vulnerable of these bacteria.
- most common treatment of this is keeping your body hydrated and of course the medical help.
6. India to established its first coal exchange soon:
The Union Minister of coal and mines G. Kishan Reddy on Monday announced that India is going to established it’s first coal exchange.
- A coal exchange is likely to facilitate more sellers and buyers to trade coal as a commodity very soon.
- According to Mr. Reddy establishing a coal trading exchange in the country would open a coal market through online trading platforms.
- Especially mentioning about steel manufacturing Mr. Reddy also said that India would be importing cooking coal from Russia if the domestic demand of the country could not be fulfilled.
About Coal Controller Organization:
- Cool controller organization comes under Ministry of coal. And the primary responsibility of the organization is to collect and maintain the data of coal production of all private and public sector coal mines within the country. Maintaining the fair production and commercial transaction CCO which is a subordinate office comes under Ministry of coal has been given the charge of the following responsibilities:
- Inspection of coal to ensure the class, Grade and size of the coal.
- To act as appellate authority when it comes to the dispute between consumer and owner.
- Quality assessment with respect to maintenance of grade of coal and also loading of coals in trucks.
- Maintaining coal grade consistency through regular inspections and to ensure that collieries maintain consistent coal grades and sizes.
- Assessment and collection of excise duty level on raw coal.
- The approval of CCO is mandatory for opening closing or re-opening of mine in India.
- The report which is to be prepared by this organization on the monthly basis is to be submitted to the different Ministries of Centre as well as State Government and also National and international organizations.
