June 2025 Current Affairs Quiz PDF with Answers

Answer: C. Gujarat

Gujarat has initiated the 'Green Energy Corridor' project to improve the infrastructure for transmitting renewable energy, particularly from solar and wind sources, thereby promoting sustainable energy development in the state.

Answer: B. Artificial Intelligence research and development

The 'National AI Portal' is designed to be a comprehensive platform for AI-related developments in India, providing information on research, startups, education, and policy initiatives in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

Answer: A. Digital lending platforms

The RBI has implemented a new regulatory framework to oversee digital lending platforms, aiming to ensure transparency, protect consumer interests, and prevent unethical practices in the digital lending ecosystem.

Answer: A. State Bank of India (SBI)

The State Bank of India (SBI) has been designated as the authorized bank to issue electoral bonds, which are instruments used for funding political parties in a transparent manner.

Answer: B. 4 kg

Individual investors are allowed to invest up to 4 kilograms of gold equivalent in Sovereign Gold Bonds per fiscal year, as per the guidelines set by the government.

Answer: C. Oversight of underperforming banks

The PCA framework is a supervisory tool used by the RBI to monitor and take corrective actions on banks that show signs of financial stress, aiming to restore their financial health.

Answer: A. Organic farming

PKVY is an initiative by the Indian government to encourage organic farming practices, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Answer: E. Orange

Under the ODOP scheme, Amravati district in Maharashtra has been recognized for its orange production, aiming to boost local economy and promote the unique agricultural product of the region.

Answer: B. Digitizing academic records to prevent forgery

The NAD is designed to digitally store academic awards issued by educational institutions, thereby reducing the risk of forged certificates and streamlining the verification process.

Answer: B. Airborne transmission of pathogens

Research indicates that pollutants in rivers can become airborne, leading to the spread of pathogens through the air, which poses significant public health risks.

Answer: A. Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan

The Union Government has been implementing the 'Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan' to combat substance abuse across the country. This initiative focuses on preventive education, awareness generation, and providing treatment facilities.

Answer: B. June 30, 2025

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has invited eligible NGOs and start-ups with a minimum of two years of experience in drug de-addiction services to submit proposals by June 30, 2025, for establishing DDACs in 291 districts.

Answer: C. ICICI Bank

ICICI Bank has introduced a digital platform aimed at simplifying and expediting the lending process for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), enhancing financial inclusion and support for these businesses.

Answer: D. Maintaining economic stability

The Reserve Bank of India's recent monetary policy focuses on maintaining economic stability by balancing growth and inflation, ensuring a stable financial environment.

Answer: E. Millets

The government increased the minimum support price (MSP) for millets to encourage their cultivation, promoting nutritional security and sustainable agriculture.

Answer: C. AI-powered soil testing kits

ICAR introduced AI-powered soil testing kits to provide farmers with accurate soil health information, enabling better crop planning and increased productivity.

Answer: D. OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) projected India’s GDP growth to be 6.9% for FY26 in its latest Economic Outlook, highlighting strong domestic demand as a key growth driver.

Answer: C. Robust domestic demand and infrastructure investment

According to the OECD, India’s strong domestic consumption and ongoing public investment in infrastructure are key contributors to its economic momentum and projected GDP growth.

Answer: A. Department of Posts

The Department of Posts launched the 'Know Your DIGI PIN & Know Your PIN Code' initiative to enhance digital literacy and promote awareness about postal services.

Answer: C. IIT Kharagpur

IIT Kharagpur partnered with Singapore's Ministry of Trade and Industry to enhance semiconductor innovation, focusing on research and development in the field.

Answer: D. To carry out scientific research on the International Space Station (ISS)

Axiom Mission-4 (Ax-4) is a private spaceflight mission aimed at conducting scientific research aboard the ISS. It represents a collaboration between private entities and space agencies to advance space exploration and research.

Answer: C. Gujarat

Gujarat has initiated the 'Green Energy Corridor' project to improve the infrastructure for transmitting renewable energy, particularly from solar and wind sources, thereby promoting sustainable energy development in the state.

Answer: B. Artificial Intelligence research and development

The 'National AI Portal' is designed to be a comprehensive platform for AI-related developments in India, providing information on research, startups, education, and policy initiatives in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

Answer: A. Digital lending platforms

The RBI has implemented a new regulatory framework to oversee digital lending platforms, aiming to ensure transparency, protect consumer interests, and prevent unethical practices in the digital lending ecosystem.

Answer: A. State Bank of India (SBI)

The State Bank of India (SBI) has been designated as the authorized bank to issue electoral bonds, which are instruments used for funding political parties in a transparent manner.

Answer: B. 4 kg

Individual investors are allowed to invest up to 4 kilograms of gold equivalent in Sovereign Gold Bonds per fiscal year, as per the guidelines set by the government.

Answer: C. Oversight of underperforming banks

The PCA framework is a supervisory tool used by the RBI to monitor and take corrective actions on banks that show signs of financial stress, aiming to restore their financial health.

Answer: A. Organic farming

PKVY is an initiative by the Indian government to encourage organic farming practices, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Answer: E. Orange

Under the ODOP scheme, Amravati district in Maharashtra has been recognized for its orange production, aiming to boost local economy and promote the unique agricultural product of the region.

Answer: B. Promoting apiculture

NBHM is a government initiative to promote beekeeping (apiculture) as a means to increase agricultural productivity, provide employment, and enhance the income of farmers through honey production.

Answer: C) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

The Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is drafting the new policy, reflecting evolving demographics and the need to address senior citizens' issues.

Answer: B) Grants to NGOs running senior homes

IPSrC offers grant-in-aid to NGOs that run homes providing shelter, food, healthcare, and social recreation for seniors.

Answer: D) Stratovolcano (composite)

Mount Etna, like Mount Fuji, is a classic example of a stratovolcano—tall, steep, and typically explosive.

Answer: B) October 1, 2026 and March 1, 2027

The postponed Census 2021 will now occur in two phases—starting October 1, 2026, and March 1, 2027.

Answer: C) Detailed caste data

This census will, for the first time since 1931, collect granular caste data beyond broader SC/ST classifications.

Answer: C) Tehri, Uttarakhand

THDC’s Tehri PSP in Uttarakhand commissioned India’s first 250 MW variable-speed pumped storage plant.

Answer: B) Better control and responsiveness to grid demand

Variable-speed PSPs allow precise control over pump-turbine operations, adapting quickly to grid fluctuations and variable renewable generation.

Answer: C) SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production

Plastic pollution undermines SDG 12 by generating waste, prompting calls for reduced use and improved recycling.

Answer: B) Panic combined with restrictive spaces

Stampedes typically result from crowd crush scenarios—not deliberate pushing—where movement is blocked, causing people to be trapped and injured.

Answer: B) South Africa

Prior to the July 2025 IIAS election, South Africa withdrew, supporting India, which then won over Austria.

Answer: C) Plant 10 crore trees across India

The campaign, launched on World Environment Day, aims to plant 10 crore trees by 30 September 2025 as a tribute to mothers and the environment.

Answer: C) Rajasthan

Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma initiated this campaign from 5–20 June to focus on groundwater rejuvenation and rainwater harvesting.

Answer: D) Provide advice on international legal issues

The Bar Council of India now allows foreign law firms to advise on international law and arbitration matters, though they cannot appear in Indian courts.

Answer: C) Pension and PF transparency for coal workers

C-CARES 2.0, launched by the Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation, digitizes the management of PF and pension schemes.

Answer: B) EnviStats India 2025

EnviStats is an annual publication giving statistical insights into India's environment including air, water, forests, waste, and biodiversity.

Answer: C) International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS)

India won the IIAS presidency for 2025–28, marking the first time in nearly 100 years that India has led the Brussels-based body.

Answer: B) Bhaderwah

The Lavender Festival took place in Bhaderwah (J&K) with participation from over 5,000 farmers, promoting lavender-based agriculture and products.

Answer: C) Gained Ramsar recognition

Two wetlands in Rajasthan received Ramsar Site status, showing India’s continued commitment to global wetland conservation.

Answer: C) Mandatory e-Aadhaar authentication

Indian Railways has made e-Aadhaar authentication mandatory for Tatkal ticket bookings to curb fraud and ensure identity verification.

Answer: C) Flipkart

Flipkart became the first major Indian e-commerce company to get a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) license, allowing it to offer financial services like loans.

Answer: E) Food Safety: Science in Action

The theme for World Food Safety Day 2025 is "Food Safety: Science in Action," highlighting the importance of scientific approaches to ensure safe food worldwide.

Answer: B) 2000 Investment Promotion Agreement

The new BIT between India and Kyrgyzstan, effective from 5 June 2025, replaces the older treaty signed in 2000.

Answer: C) Namaste App

Under the Namaste Scheme, a new app was launched to identify and support waste pickers with ID cards, insurance, and training benefits.

Answer: C) Standardize ESG disclosures for bonds

SEBI introduced new rules for social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked bonds, emphasizing disclosure norms and third-party assessments.

Answer: D) Starlink

Elon Musk’s Starlink received approval from India's Department of Telecommunications to operate satellite-based internet services in the country.

Answer: C) Rare-earth minerals and connectivity

The 4th India–Central Asia Dialogue emphasized regional connectivity, digital cooperation, and access to rare-earth mineral resources.

Answer: C) Udhampur–Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL)

The USBRL project was inaugurated to connect the Kashmir Valley with the rest of India through the national rail network.

Answer: C) 6.5%

The Reserve Bank of India has projected India’s GDP growth at 6.5% for the financial year 2025–26, driven by policy support and domestic consumption.

Answer: C) Operation Abhyaas

Operation Abhyaas was a massive civil defence exercise involving sirens, evacuations, and rescue simulations across 244 districts to test emergency preparedness.

Answer: C) Purchasing power and cost of living

The poverty line is updated to reflect current price levels and purchasing-power parity across countries.

Answer: C) To reflect inflation and currency shifts

Revisions ensure the poverty threshold remains meaningful by accounting for inflation and exchange‑rate changes over time.

Answer: C) Number of work cards activated

An uptick in work cards and job requests under MGNREGA indicated increased rural employment demand.

Answer: B) 75 days per household

MGNREGA guarantees up to 75 days of unskilled manual work annually to registered rural households.

Answer: B) Manage digital rural livelihoods

DRUM is designed as a digital interface to support and monitor rural economic activities and livelihoods.

Answer: B) Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure

CDRI is a global partnership focused on promoting disaster‑resilient infrastructure.

Answer: B) Climate‑resilient infrastructure

India showcased projects and policies that strengthen infrastructure against climate risks under the CDRI framework.

Answer: D) Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure

The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) convened ICDRI 2025, focusing on enhancing global infrastructure resilience.

Answer: B) Cost of Deposits

MCLR is primarily built on marginal cost of funds, which includes the cost of deposits, and adjusts for operating costs and tenor premium.

Answer: C) Rising asset‑quality stress in MFIs

The RBI flagged concerns over microfinance institutions showing higher NPAs, urging closer supervision of borrower over‑leveraging.

Answer: B) Because of surplus system liquidity

With an estimated ₹2.75–3 lakh crore surplus in banking liquidity, the RBI saw no need for daily Variable‑Rate Repo auctions.

Answer: E) Five‑year

RBI’s MCLR slabs cover overnight, one‑month, three‑month, six‑month, and one‑year tenors—not five‑year rates.

Answer: A) Paddy

For Kharif 2025, the government hiked the Minimum Support Price for paddy by 5% to support farmer incomes.

Answer: B) Provide real‑time soil testing data

The portal offers farmers instant access to their soil nutrient profiles, enabling precise fertilizer recommendations.

Answer: B) Madhya Pradesh

MP launched the “Pulses Bowl” mission, providing subsidized seeds and training to increase pulses acreage and yield.

Answer: C) 18%

Of the total wheat procured under the MSP scheme, about 18% was earmarked for government‑to‑government and commercial exports.

Answer: C) Precision drip and sprinkler systems

Under this programme, smallholder farmers receive subsidies for installing drip and sprinkler irrigation to conserve water.

Answer: C) 1.46 billion

The UNFPA report stated India’s population in 2025 is approximately 1.46 billion (146.39 crore), making it the most populous country.

Answer: D) 1.9

India’s TFR has declined to 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1, indicating a demographic shift.

Answer: B) Cut repo rate by 50 bps

RBI reduced the repo rate from 6.0% to 5.5% (a 50 basis point cut) and changed its stance to “neutral” to support growth amid low inflation.

Answer: C) Unclaimed financial assets

The FM urged regulators to reduce unclaimed assets like dormant bank accounts, dividends, insurance, and pension claims by simplifying the KYC process.

Answer: C) Green and sustainability-linked disclosures

SEBI announced an operational framework for ESG bonds mandating third-party verification and standardized disclosures to ensure ethical fund usage.

Answer: B) Sagarmala

The Sagarmala program includes 839 port and coastal development projects to enhance infrastructure and community development under India’s blue economy.

Answer: B) ₹255.3 crore

The government approved ₹255.3 crore under PMMSY (Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana) for modernizing fisheries in seven coastal states/UTs.

Answer: C) Provide virus-free planting materials

The Clean Plant scheme aims to set up certified nurseries offering disease-free saplings of grapes, oranges, and pomegranates to boost horticulture.

Answer: B) Grapes, Oranges, Pomegranates

The ₹300 crore initiative will set up state-of-the-art nurseries to offer virus-free planting material for grapes, oranges, and pomegranates in Maharashtra.

Answer: B) LOx (liquid oxygen) leak

During post-static-fire testing, a leak of liquid oxygen (LOx) was detected in the Falcon 9 booster, forcing a delay in the Ax‑4 mission.

Answer: B) Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla was set to be the first “Gaganyatri”—an Indian private astronaut—on the Axiom Space Ax‑4 mission.

Answer: B) Microfinance

RBI reported that the microfinance sector’s Gross Loan Portfolio fell by 13.9%, indicating significant stress.

Answer: C) ₹55,000 crore

RBI flagged that non-performing assets in microfinance had crossed ₹55,000 crore.

Answer: C) Green tick

SEBI mandated verified “@valid” UPI handles with a green tick to confirm authenticity by Oct 1, 2025.

Answer: B) Monthly electricity futures

SEBI approved NSE’s launch of monthly electricity futures aimed at improving risk management and market depth.

Answer: C) PSB debt restructuring

In response to MTNL’s default, public sector banks initiated debt-to-equity swaps, asset monetisation, and restructuring.

Answer: B) Satellite-based data

For the first time, India will use satellite imagery (instead of manual girdawari) to estimate Kharif crop acreage.

Answer: B) AI analysis of geo-tagged photos

The CROPIC scheme uses artificial intelligence on farmer-uploaded, geo-tagged photos to monitor crop health and speed insurance claims processing.

Answer: B) POS-based village allocation with subsidy caps

The government aims to introduce region-wise fertilizer allocation, subsidy caps, and POS-based village distribution to optimize usage and limit spending.

Answer: C) 131

India ranked 131 out of 148 countries in the Global Gender Gap Report 2025, showing some progress in education and economy but a drop in political empowerment.

Answer: B) 170 km range, 1.5 hours

The Rudrastra UAV achieved a mission radius of over 50 km, total range of around 170 km, and an endurance of 1.5 hours during its successful trial.

Answer: C) Excess system liquidity

The RBI cited surplus liquidity of ₹2.6 lakh crore and decided to skip the VRR auction, focusing on fortnightly repo and SDF to manage cash flow.

Answer: B) STRIPS

RBI allowed Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (STRIPS) for state bonds with maturity ≤14 years to boost market liquidity.

Answer: C) Groww Nifty India Internet ETF

Groww launched this ETF tracking the Nifty India Internet Index, which covers 21 companies from the e-commerce and digital sectors.

Answer: C) 28%

The report stated that carbon pricing mechanisms now cover about 28% of total global greenhouse gas emissions, up from 24% previously.

Answer: E) Over $100 billion

The World Bank reported that revenues from carbon pricing exceeded $100 billion globally in 2024, mainly from emissions trading systems and taxes.

Answer: B) FAO

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations published this comprehensive global fisheries report at the UN Ocean Conference 2025.

Answer: D) Chennai

Garuda Aerospace inaugurated a 35,000 sq. ft. facility in Chennai to manufacture and test agri-drones under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Answer: E) 1,00,000

The company aims to produce 1 lakh Made-in-India agri-drones by 2026 to support domestic and export needs.

Answer: C. Gaza Ceasefire

India abstained from the UNGA vote on 13 June 2025, calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza. It marked India’s fourth abstention on Gaza-related issues in three years.

Answer: B. Budgetary decisions

UNGA resolutions on budgetary decisions, peace/security recommendations, and membership issues require a two-thirds majority.

Answer: D. CBDCs

CBDCs (Central Bank Digital Currencies) are excluded from the VDA definition as they are regulated by the government.

Answer: D. 30%

Income from cryptocurrency and VDA transactions is taxed at a flat 30% rate without deductions, under Section 115BBH.

Answer: D. 8.15%

SBI reduced its EBLR by 50 basis points to 8.15%, aligning with RBI’s policy repo rate cut.

Answer: C. Enhanced liquidity and price discovery

STRIPS allows interest and principal parts of securities to be traded separately, improving liquidity and market efficiency.

Answer: C. Video-based KYC and use of business correspondents

RBI’s new guidelines allow flexible KYC via video and use of BCs to assist customers, especially in rural areas.

Answer: C. Zero forex markup and dual-network support

The card operates on both VISA and RuPay networks and offers zero forex markup, especially suited for travelers.

Answer: C. Deep-discount zero-coupon bonds

NABARD was permitted to raise ₹19,500 crore through zero-coupon bonds, which don’t offer interest but mature at face value.

Answer: B. Facial authentication of surveyors

The Agri Stack includes pilots for facial authentication of surveyors, crop recognition via AI, and grievance portals.

Answer: C. Removing sulphur dioxide (SO₂) from flue gases

FGD units remove SO₂, a harmful pollutant that contributes to acid rain and respiratory issues. It's a key technology in controlling emissions from coal-fired thermal power plants.

Answer: C. Spartaeinae

The new jumping spider species Spartaeus karigiri was discovered in Karnataka and belongs to the Spartaeinae subfamily, expanding its known geographical range to India.

Answer: C. Belarus

Belarus became a full member of the SCO in July 2024, joining the ranks of 9 other countries in this Eurasian political and security bloc.

Answer: C. Urban land surveys and mapping

NAKSHA aims to modernize urban land records using GNSS, ETS, and GIS tools to improve land parcel mapping and digital record-keeping in urban habitations.

Answer: C. One clause allows refunds for belated returns, another denies it

Sections 433 and 263 of the draft law conflict—one permits refunds even for delayed returns, while the other restricts them to on-time filings, causing confusion.

Answer: B. Waiver of disclosure requirements

SEBI's framework increases, not waives, disclosures to prevent purpose-washing. Issuers must now detail project impact, fund use, and potential harms.

Answer: D. 50%

RRBs are jointly owned by the Central Government (50%), State Governments (15%), and sponsor banks (35%), ensuring shared governance and support.

Answer: C. Enhance cybersecurity in digital payments

The MoU between NPCI and IDRBT focuses on capacity building, threat intelligence (via the सचेत platform), and secure digital infrastructure.

Answer: B. ECB under automatic route

CA Grameen raised a $100 million multi-currency syndicated social loan that qualifies as External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) under RBI’s automatic route.

Answer: D. Rohini

Rohini Nakshatra, ruled by the Moon and associated with fertility and abundance, is considered the most auspicious for planting crops in ancient Vedic traditions.

Answer: C. Amit Shah

Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the ICR-ER platform to enhance real-time disaster response across India, along with two other disaster management tools.

Answer: B. Providing flood risk data

The atlas offers region-specific flood risk information, helping improve preparedness and response in flood-prone Assam.

Answer: C. Shubhanshu Shukla

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be India’s representative aboard the ISS as part of the AX-4 mission coordinated by Axiom Space, NASA, and ISRO.

Answer: C. 20%

The report highlights that nearly 20% of Indian respondents use AI chatbots weekly for information, indicating early adoption of generative tools.

Answer: D. 5.6%

As per the PLFS May 2025 report, the unemployment rate increased to 5.6%, with youth and female unemployment rates particularly high.

Answer: C. Deliver welfare benefits to tribal areas

This campaign ensures the saturation of welfare schemes in tribal and PVTG areas as part of Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh.

Answer: C. Rise of UPI and digital payments

The rapid adoption of UPI and internet banking has reduced the need for cash-based ATM transactions, especially in urban India.

Answer: C. Digitize legacy paper consents in banking

The pilot aims to digitize historical user consents for commercial communication to prevent fraud and improve accountability.

Answer: C. Sahakar Suraksha

Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank launched Sahakar Suraksha in Navi Mumbai to protect rural/cooperative banks from cyber threats.

Answer: C. High adoption cost and low promotion

Despite its security features, CeFCoM saw low adoption due to being optional, under-promoted, and more expensive than alternatives.

Answer: C. 180

The SIPRI 2025 report estimates that India possesses 180 nuclear warheads, which is more than Pakistan’s 170.

Answer: C. Delivery via land, air, and sea

A nuclear triad refers to the ability to launch nuclear weapons from land-based missiles, aircraft, and submarine-launched systems.

Answer: B. China

China’s warhead count has increased rapidly, with about 100 new warheads added annually since 2023, reaching a total of 600.

Answer: D. Apply MDR only to large merchants

The fintech sector is proposing MDR only for large-scale businesses while exempting small merchants and end-users.

Answer: D. Jana SFB

Jana Small Finance Bank applied in June 2025 to convert into a universal bank, following AU and Ujjivan.

Answer: B. Tuesday

SEBI’s new regulation mandates that NSE weekly derivatives will now expire on Tuesdays, instead of Thursdays.

Answer: D. Send 3 advance and 3 post-due notifications

The RBI now requires banks to send at least 3 advance and 3 post-due notifications, including one physical letter each.

Answer: D. Front running using public stock tips

Bhasin bought stocks before recommending them publicly, then sold them after price hikes—an illegal practice known as front running.

Answer: C. 2.8%

In May 2025, India’s retail inflation dropped to a 75-month low of 2.8%, largely due to falling food and energy prices.

Answer: C. Promote sustainable agriculture

The campaign focuses on sustainable farming and food choices, linking soil health to public health and ecological balance.

Answer: C. Textiles

India and Croatia are expanding ties in defence, space, infrastructure, and digital technology, but textiles was not mentioned.

Answer: C. IIT Delhi

IIT Delhi rose to a joint 123rd position, its highest ever in the QS rankings.

Answer: D. Angel Investors

SEBI now mandates that angel investors be accredited to invest in angel funds to enhance transparency and protect retail participants.

Answer: C. Secure payment to SEBI-registered advisers

CeFCoM is a centralized fee collection platform for secure payments to SEBI-registered investment advisers and analysts.

Answer: C. Its price is too volatile and externally driven

Crisil argues gold distorts domestic inflation signals due to its high volatility and global demand-driven pricing.

Answer: D. State Bank of India

SBI is the only major Indian bank to have fully migrated to ISO 20022 ahead of the global deadline.

Answer: D. 75%

Under the government scheme, FPOs are eligible for a 75% subsidy for agri-drones to promote mechanised farming.

Answer: C. Mandatory registration of all seed varieties

The revised Seed Act will mandate registration and quality certification of all seeds to curb the sale of spurious seeds.

Answer: D. Japan

UPI is currently accepted in Bhutan, France, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the UAE — not Japan.

Answer: D. Land records, crop data, and farmer IDs

Agri Stack combines land ownership, crop surveys, and digital farmer IDs to enable precision farming and subsidy targeting.

Answer: B. Reverse auction

The ₹3,500–5,000 cr incentive scheme uses a reverse-auction model to ensure competitive pricing and efficient allocation.

Answer: B. Right to privacy

The court held that while privacy is fundamental under Article 21, it can be limited by the need for a fair trial.

Answer: B. 703

Chandigarh scored 703, earning placement in the ‘Prachesta-1’ band (701–760 points) of school education performance.

Answer: B. 1 year or 200 trips

The annual FASTag pass is valid for 1 year or 200 national highway trips, whichever occurs first.

Answer: C. 1%

New guidelines set the general provisioning requirement for construction-phase project loans (excluding CRE) at 1%, down from proposed 5%.

Answer: B. $28 billion

India received $28 billion in FDI in 2024, unchanged from 2023, despite a global 11% decline.

Answer: B. Promote self-sufficiency and transparency

SEBI aims to clearly disclose costs and enhance independent governance of clearing corporations.

Answer: C. 7.1%

Based on RBI data, sales growth for these firms was 7.1% in Q4 FY25, slightly down from 8% in Q3.

Answer: C. 10x manual speed

Agricultural drones can cover spraying tasks roughly 10 times faster than manual methods.

Answer: B. 2

The initiative installed two 2HP solar pumps along with three 1HP pumps, supporting irrigation and livelihood diversification.

Answer: C. Quantum 5G

BSNL launched Quantum 5G FWA — India’s first indigenous, SIM-less 5G fixed wireless access service developed under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Answer: C. Direct-to-Device (D2D) platform

The D2D platform enables SIM-less authentication in BSNL’s 5G services and supports satellite-based connectivity for remote access.

Answer: D. 100%

The government is preparing to allow 100% FDI in insurance, up from the current 74%, while reviewing safeguards for foreign board representation.

Answer: C. 60%

RBI has reduced the Priority Sector Lending target for Small Finance Banks from 75% to 60% of ANBC/off-balance sheet credit from FY 2025–26.

Answer: D. Parametric Insurance

Parametric insurance provides payouts based on events like rainfall or temperature without claim filings, ensuring faster and transparent disbursements.

Answer: C. ₹5 crore

Entities applying to operate ETPs must be incorporated in India with a minimum net worth of ₹5 crore and robust technological infrastructure.

Answer: B. Hawk-Eye AI

Nabcons developed the Hawk-Eye AI system to monitor water bodies using satellite data and alert authorities about encroachments and flood threats.

Answer: C. Kathir

Nabcons launched the Kathir platform (previously Kerala Krishi Hub) to integrate agri-services and support data-driven farming decisions in Kerala.

Answer: D. ₹100 crore

The Green Lending Facility by NABARD mandates a minimum loan size of ₹100 crore for green infrastructure projects to align with SDG goals.

Answer: C. Transport subsidy for inter-state sale

The MIS ensures support to tomato, onion, and potato (TOP) farmers through subsidies on transport when selling outside their home state for better prices.

Answer: B. e-RaktKosh

The e-RaktKosh portal by MoHFW will integrate with the Rare Donor Registry of India to improve availability of rare blood types.

Answer: C. Delhi

Delhi government, in partnership with IIT-Kanpur, is launching an artificial rain (cloud seeding) project to address rising air pollution.

Answer: B. Silver iodide and potassium iodide

These chemicals act as nuclei to promote condensation and precipitation in cloud seeding.

Answer: B. Simplify regulations and protect investors

SEBI aims to simplify mutual fund compliance, enhance investor protection, and modernize rules.

Answer: A. Category I and II

SEBI has allowed CIVs under Category I and II Alternative Investment Funds to simplify co-investments.

Answer: B. Overseas Direct Investment

ODI refers to investment by Indian entities in foreign businesses/assets with control or influence.

Answer: D. China

India’s rice output reached 149 million tonnes, overtaking China for the top spot in 2025.

Answer: B. Direct Seeding of Rice (DSR)

DSR uses less water and reduces methane emissions by avoiding constant field flooding.

Answer: C. Plastic Mulch Layer-Cum-Planter

Developed by ICAR-CIAE, this machine integrates multiple tasks to reduce cost and labor in high-value crop farming.

Answer: C. Rice

Rice is not listed among the crops suited for this planter; the technology targets high-value vegetable and corn crops.

Answer: C. Fort Emmanuel

Marine geologists identified the ruins at Fort Kochi as likely remains of Fort Emmanuel, built by the Portuguese in 1503.

Answer: B. Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal has the highest rise at 4.0 ± 0.4 mm/year, higher than both the global average and the Arabian Sea.

Answer: B. Offer vocational training for girls aged 16–18

NAVYA is a pilot initiative under Viksit Bharat@2047 aimed at skilling adolescent girls through vocational training.

Answer: C. IIM Ahmedabad and IIPA

These two institutions are helping train Master Trainers to enhance Panchayats' capacity for Own Source Revenue (OSR) generation.

Answer: C. ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram

Tripura became the third Indian state to achieve full literacy under the ULLAS scheme.

Answer: D. 12–13%

Fitch expects loan growth to rebound to 12–13% in FY26 if deposit mobilisation strengthens.

Answer: C. 60% of assets should be for housing finance

RBI mandates that at least 60% of an HFC’s assets must be in housing finance.

Answer: C. Return to indigenous seed practices

The Beej Utsav emphasized seed sovereignty, traditional farming, and biodiversity conservation.

Answer: D. Beej Mitra and Beej Mata

These titles honored tribal farmers preserving indigenous seed varieties.

Answer: D. 70%

Around 70% of small farmers rely on market-driven hybrid seeds.

Answer: B. 99th

India ranked 99th out of 167 countries in the SDR 2025, with a score of 67, marking its entry into the top 100 for the first time.

Answer: B. UPI

UPI (Unified Payments Interface) now facilitates ₹23.9 trillion in transactions every month, as highlighted in NITI Aayog’s “India’s Data Imperative” report.

Answer: C. ₹4,150 crore

The SPMEPCI scheme mandates a minimum investment of ₹4,150 crore to promote electric passenger car manufacturing in India.

Answer: D. Bhagwan Birsa Munda

Dharti Aaba Janbhagidari Abhiyan (DAJA) is named after Bhagwan Birsa Munda and aims to empower over 5.5 crore tribal citizens.

Answer: E. ₹5 lakh

EPFO increased the auto-settlement limit for claims to ₹5 lakh to enhance financial access for workers.

Answer: C. Absorb excess liquidity

The Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auction aims to absorb surplus liquidity from the banking system.

Answer: D. Larsen & Toubro (L&T)

L&T issued India’s first ESG bonds under SEBI's new sustainability-linked bond guidelines.

Answer: C. Paddy

As of June 20, paddy sowing covered 1.32 million hectares—about 60% higher than the same period in 2024.

Answer: B. CRISPR-Cas9

The genome-edited rice varieties were developed using CRISPR-Cas9, though concerns have been raised regarding off-target effects.

Answer: C. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)

IPPB was awarded the Digital Payments Award 2024–25 by the Ministry of Finance for expanding digital payment access.

Answer: C) Joining two spacecraft in orbit to form a single structure

Space docking is a process where two spacecraft join in orbit, crucial for operations like crew transfers, ISS assembly, and satellite servicing.

Answer: B) Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, Capture & Latching

Docking involves three main stages: aligning orbits (rendezvous), gradual approach using sensors (proximity), and physical attachment (capture & latching).

Answer: C) Kailash Mansarovar Yatra

The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra resumed after six years. It was halted due to COVID-19 and India-China tensions.

Answer: C) Eliminating it and merging with 5% or 18% slab

The GST Council is reviewing whether to remove the 12% slab to simplify the tax structure by merging it into 5% or 18%.

Answer: C) Repo rate cut by 100 bps

RBI reduced the repo rate by 100 basis points (bps), bringing it to 5.5% to support growth amid stable inflation.

Answer: C) Agriculture and Service Sectors

According to the RBI bulletin, agriculture and service sectors experienced the most significant deceleration in credit growth.

Answer: C) Universal DBT for all schemes

Farmers demanded the implementation of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) across all agricultural schemes to ensure transparency and reduce middlemen.

Answer: C) Agra

The Centre is being set up in Singna, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) to promote potato R&D and boost farmer incomes.

Answer: C) Price Support Scheme (PSS)

Moong and Urad are being procured under the Price Support Scheme (PSS) to ensure MSP-based benefits reach farmers.

Answer: C) To prevent distress sales of perishable crops during price crashes

MIS provides a mechanism for the government to intervene and procure perishable goods like fruits and vegetables during sudden price declines.

Answer: B) Lack of strong language against terrorism

India withheld endorsement citing the joint statement’s failure to include robust language condemning terrorism, especially following the Pahalgam attack.

Answer: C) Sangam Age

Findings at Keeladi, dating between 800 BCE and 1 CE, suggest the Sangam Age may have begun earlier than previously believed (circa 300 BCE).

Answer: B) Income distribution

The first direct nationwide household income survey will measure income inequality and poverty—providing more accurate data than proxies like consumption.

Answer: B) Certified Financial Planner (CFP)

SBI is integrating CFP certification into employee training to enhance financial advisory services.

Answer: C) Small Finance Banks

Equitas SFB—a small finance bank—has tied up with Edelweiss Life to sell life insurance to its customer base.

Answer: C) Eight health insurers (collectively)

During inspections, IRDAI raised issues in CIS design, portability data, and claims handling across eight health insurance firms.

Answer: C) Refusal of gated communities to participate

High-income groups often deny access or underreport income due to tax and privacy concerns, affecting representativeness.

Answer: D) IRDAI

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) raised concerns about claims practices and compliance issues.

Answer: D) Improve market awareness and reduce post-harvest losses

Farmers seek AI tools to anticipate prices of crops like basmati rice and horticulture produce to make informed marketing decisions.

Answer: C) PSS (Price Support Scheme)

The Centre approved procurement under the PSS to ensure fair prices for pulses, eliminating middlemen.

Answer: B. July 8

The trade deal must be finalized by July 8, 2025, to avoid the U.S. reimposing a 26% tariff on Indian exports starting July 9.

Answer: D. 99

India ranked 99th out of 167 countries in the 2025 SDSN Sustainable Development Report, showing improvement from its 110th position in 2016.

Answer: C. Create a single tariff rate for renewable energy

The URET aims to create a standardized, pooled tariff for renewable energy to streamline power procurement and reduce delays in PPA agreements.

Answer: B. AI-powered chatbot

The new version of the Sugamya Bharat App includes an AI-powered chatbot, improved UI, and geo-tagged reporting for accessibility issues.

Answer: C. Capacity-building of tribal officials

The Adi Karmyogi Programme aims to build a cadre of motivated, empathetic field officials for tribal development in over 1 lakh villages.

Answer: C. New tax burden shifted to shareholders

Under new rules, shareholders pay capital gains tax on buybacks, reducing their attractiveness and causing fewer buyback offers.

Answer: C. Conducted raids related to pump and dump schemes

SEBI launched search and seizure operations to tackle fraudulent “pump and dump” stock schemes manipulating retail investors.

Answer: C. January 1, 2026

The final RBI guidelines for KYC and due diligence of AePS Operators will be enforced from January 1, 2026.

Answer: D. Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh led with a 19.2% share in the Gross Value of Output (GVO) for condiments and spices in 2023–24.

Answer: C. Banana

Banana overtook mango in total fruit output value, becoming the top fruit crop by GVO in 2023–24.

Answer: D. Bihar

Bihar became the first Indian state to allow voters to cast their votes through a mobile application (E-SECBHR) during municipal bypolls, marking a major digital democracy initiative.

Answer: B. Blockchain

The e-voting system in Bihar uses blockchain technology to maintain a tamper-proof and transparent voting record.

Answer: D. Vulnerable

The bonnet macaque, a species targeted in Kerala's Mission Bonnet Macaque, is listed as "Vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List due to its declining population.

Answer: C. Silver Drachmas

37 terracotta coin moulds for Silver Drachmas of Indo-Greek King Apollodotus II were found in Vadnagar, indicating the area’s continued minting activity centuries after his reign.

Answer: D. 7x

The number of senior citizen facilities supported by the government rose from 23,000 to 157,000, indicating a seven-fold increase.

Answer: D. 34%

CREA found that ammonium sulphate accounts for 34% of India’s PM2.5 mass, making it a significant contributor to air pollution.

Answer: C. Atom Economy

Atom economy is a core concept in green chemistry that encourages maximizing the use of all atoms to reduce waste in chemical reactions.

Answer: C. BITS Pilani (Hyderabad)

Chemists at BITS Pilani’s Hyderabad campus developed a green synthesis method for Tamoxifen with 100% atom economy, making it eco-friendly and scalable.

Answer: C. Weak demand and deposit competition

Banks are cautious due to soft loan demand, stiff competition for retail deposits, and market uncertainties, despite RBI’s 100 bps policy rate cut.

Answer: C. Calcium Oxide

Calcium oxide is used as a solid catalyst in biodiesel production from Jatropha seeds. It is recoverable and generates less waste compared to traditional sodium hydroxide.