July 2025 Current Affairs Quiz PDF with Answers

Answer: C. Verify and update electoral rolls through door-to-door verification

SIR is a door-to-door verification process to update electoral rolls, especially before the Bihar Assembly elections in October 2025.

Answer: A. Article 324

Article 324 empowers the ECI to conduct and supervise elections in India.

Answer: C. Risk to India’s food security and farmer income

The proposal could harm farmer livelihoods and food security due to reliance on cheap US imports and global price volatility.

Answer: A. SAGAR

SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) is India’s maritime policy supported through this mission.

Answer: C. Include fuel and electricity under GST

GST 2.0 recommends bringing fuel and electricity under GST to reduce tax cascading.

Answer: C. Unsecured personal loans

These loans, especially in Tier-III cities and among youth borrowers, show increased stress.

Answer: C. Weak secondary market activity

While primary issuances are high, lack of secondary market depth limits bond market development.

Answer: B. Turmeric and Chilli

The training is focused on modern post-harvest practices for turmeric and chilli to enhance market value.

Answer: B. Direct Benefit Transfer to Farmers

The proposed model aims to disburse subsidies directly to farmers based on land, soil, and crop data.

Answer: D. Shifting Cultivation

Jhum is a slash-and-burn technique used in hilly areas, followed by long fallow periods.

Answer: B. Ashwini Vaishnaw – Provide a unified railway services platform

RailOne was launched on July 2, 2025, by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw to integrate ticketing, grievance redressal, tracking, and more in one app.

Answer: C. ₹99,446 crore

The ELI Scheme has a budget of ₹99,446 crore to promote formal employment, especially in manufacturing.

Answer: B. October 1, 2025

RBI’s new norms for project finance provisioning will be effective from October 1, 2025.

Answer: C. 1.25%

The new norms require a 1.25% general provision for CRE loans during the construction phase.

Answer: C. To rescue NICB from financial distress

NICB was under restrictions due to negative net worth and fund mismanagement; Saraswat Bank proposed a merger to protect depositors.

Answer: B. Section 44A

Section 44A of the Banking Regulation Act mandates RBI approval and two-thirds shareholder consent for mergers.

Answer: B. Money market, G-Secs, Corporate Bonds, Forex, Equity

RBI’s proposed FCI includes indicators from 5 key financial markets to assess market conditions.

Answer: C. Digitize and deliver schemes via PACS

The Co-operative Stack is a digital platform to connect PACS with government schemes and improve rural service delivery.

Answer: C. RBI

RBI restricted PACS activities earlier due to poor transparency; digitization aims to resolve this.

Answer: B. AI-based advisories and cloud databases

The Stack uses AI for weather-based advisories and digital tech for transparency in rural services.

Answer: C. South Africa

Originally formed as BRIC in 2006 (Brazil, Russia, India, China), the group became BRICS when South Africa joined in 2010 to represent the African continent.

Answer: C. Robotics for e-Governance

Robotics is not part of the original nine pillars. The actual pillars include Broadband Highways, Universal Mobile Access, e-Kranti, etc.

Answer: C. Volume-weighted average price across exchanges

SEBI’s reform mandates a common contract note reflecting a single VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) to simplify reporting of trades across exchanges.

Answer: B. 2D Hydrodynamic Modelling

C-FLOOD is powered by 2D hydrodynamic modeling and uses satellite data and HPC simulations for accurate flood forecasting.

Answer: D. China

The initiative aims to counter China's dominance in rare earth minerals and processing, and diversify global supply chains.

Answer: C. Promote voluntary registration of unregistered workers

SPREE 2025 is designed to encourage voluntary ESIC registration of unregistered employers and workers, especially contractual or informal.

Answer: C. Classify mobile numbers based on fraud risk

FRI tool classifies mobile numbers into categories like Medium, High, and Very High risk to detect and prevent financial fraud in real time.

Answer: D. FY26 H2

India Ratings forecasts that the MFI sector will likely return to pre-crisis performance by the second half of FY26.

Answer: D. Detecting pest infestations

The National Pest Surveillance System uses AI to recognize pest types via image uploads and gives tailored pest control advisories.

Answer: B. Offer faster and digitized trade processing

SBI launched GTFCs in Kolkata and Hyderabad to digitize and enhance efficiency in import-export trade processing using tech like AI and blockchain.

Answer: C. Prepare India for the 2036 Olympics

The NSP 2025 aims to transform India into a global sporting powerhouse and prepare the nation for the 2036 Olympics through grassroots-to-podium support and elite training.

Answer: D. IISc Bengaluru

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has launched the BHARAT Study to reduce misdiagnosis by creating ageing biomarkers tailored to Indian physiology and conditions.

Answer: C. Kho-Kho

Kho-Kho is one of the Indian traditional sports being revived under the NSP 2025, along with others like Mallakhamb.

Answer: B. 3.5%

India currently has a 3.5% participation in the global chemical value chains, with plans to increase it significantly through mega clusters and incentives.

Answer: B. ₹250

SEBI proposed ₹250 as the minimum SIP amount to expand retail mutual fund penetration, with AMFI urging fund houses to adopt this.

Answer: C. Floating rate loans for individuals and MSEs

RBI has banned prepayment charges on floating rate loans for individuals and Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs) to ensure borrower freedom and competitive lending.

Answer: D. Mashreq Bank

UAE’s Mashreq Bank became the first to receive in-principle approval for setting up an International Banking Unit at GIFT City, Gujarat.

Answer: C. Under-representation of elderly in NHM

India faces low prioritization and underfunding of geriatric care in schemes like the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE), creating gaps in elder services.

Answer: D. 50:50 profit-sharing and direct-to-consumer model

KisaanSay's model involves partnering with FPOs in a co-branded, 50:50 profit-sharing arrangement, enabling direct farmer-to-consumer sales and enhancing farmer income.

Answer: C. “One Nation, One Licence” for micro-fertiliser producers

IMMA has proposed a “One Nation, One Licence” system to eliminate the need for multiple state-level licences, which currently increase compliance costs and hinder growth.

Answer: D. Meerut, Uttar Pradesh

The first EDFC was established at the Remount Veterinary Corps (RVC) Centre & College in Meerut Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, and recognized by the WOAH.

Answer: B. Trinidad and Tobago

India signed six bilateral agreements with Trinidad and Tobago during PM Modi's official visit, covering financial services, agro-cooperation, education, and biofuels.

Answer: B. 25.5

India’s Gini Index was 25.5 in 2022–23, making it the 4th most equal country globally, according to the World Bank report.

Answer: C. Mule Hunter

RBI launched "Mule Hunter", an AI-ML-based tool to detect inoperative and fraudulent Jan Dhan accounts used in cybercrime and money laundering.

Answer: D. UPI

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is India's most popular real-time digital payments system, launched in 2016 by NPCI.

Answer: D. Dark-toned (black/navy)

SBI’s report indicated that a dark-colored tie worn by the RBI Governor often aligns with decisive rate changes in monetary policy.

Answer: C. PMLA has precedence over IBC for proceeds of crime

NCLAT ruled that IBC cannot override PMLA where assets are already attached as proceeds of crime by the Enforcement Directorate.

Answer: C. KhetScore

KhetScore is Dvara E-Registry’s AI-powered, satellite-based credit scoring platform used to evaluate agricultural productivity and creditworthiness.

Answer: B. Mavelikara, Kerala

India’s first Honeybee Flora Park is situated at Kallimel near Mavelikara in Kerala and functions as a beekeeping, training, and tourism center.

Answer: C. Scale climate-resilient agriculture

The MoU between Kerala’s KERA project and KAU aims to scale climate-smart, low-emission agricultural practices across the state.

Answer: B. 3.1%

The report states that India currently spends 3.1% of its GDP on public education, which is below the SDG benchmark of 4% and NEP 2020 target of 6%.

Answer: C. Kerala

Kerala recorded the lowest MMR at 20 per 100,000 live births, reflecting strong healthcare infrastructure and maternal health initiatives.

Answer: C. Use of mobile apps and self-enumeration portals

The 2027 Census will be fully digital, using mobile apps and online portals to ensure faster, more accurate data collection.

Answer: C. NPCI

The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) is leading the development of UPI for smart devices, enabling autonomous payments through IoT.

Answer: C. Advisory services via a separate, ring-fenced unit

SEBI proposes allowing AMCs to offer advisory services to such funds through a separate unit to manage conflicts of interest and ensure transparency.

Answer: C. US tariff threats on BRICS-aligned nations

Former US President Trump’s 10% tariff announcement on BRICS-aligned countries triggered market jitters, impacting the rupee.

Answer: C. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

The PMJDY significantly improved financial inclusion by enabling over 50 crore accounts and reaching 99% adult bank account access by 2024.

Answer: D. 46%

Urea is the most commonly used nitrogenous fertilizer in India, containing 46% nitrogen, making it highly efficient and cost-effective.

Answer: C. IoT-enabled intelligent pest light trap

iTrapper is a smart light trap that uses multiwavelength LED and IoT to target specific pests while sparing beneficial insects.

Answer: C. Ban plant shutdowns to ensure availability

The government directed fertilizer firms not to shut plants in FY26 to maintain adequate urea supply for kharif and rabi seasons.

Answer: B. Great Hornbill

The Great Hornbill, listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List and protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, was unusually spotted in Kakkampara, a coastal region in Kannur, Kerala.

Answer: C. ₹1 lakh crore

The RDI Scheme is backed by a ₹1 lakh crore fund, sourced via a 50-year interest-free loan to the ANRF to support R&D and deep-tech innovation.

Answer: D. Cereals

Cereals still contribute the largest share of protein: ~47% in rural areas and ~39% in urban areas, though their share has been declining over time.

Answer: B. Blockchain and VPNs

FATF flagged misuse of e-commerce, blockchain, PayPal, and VPNs by terrorists, citing Pulwama and Gorakhnath as Indian case studies.

Answer: C. January 1, 2026

RBI’s new prepayment rules for MSEs and individuals will come into effect from January 1, 2026, and aim to eliminate charges on floating rate loans.

Answer: C. Market manipulation and speculative risks

SEBI is considering this move due to concerns over speculation and manipulation, especially after the Jane Street case involving ₹4,844 crore.

Answer: C. No directive has been issued to close inactive PMJDY accounts

The DFS clarified that no order was issued to close inactive accounts; instead, a campaign for re-KYC and awareness is ongoing.

Answer: C. Enhance phosphorus uptake and yield

NIPGR scientists used CRISPR to target a promoter binding site, improving phosphorus absorption and boosting rice yield.

Answer: B. Drones used by SHG women for agri-input spraying

The NaMo Drone Didi Yojana empowers women SHG members to use drones for spraying fertilizers and pesticides.

Answer: C. Real-time dashboard and faster subsidy disbursal

DBT 2.0 streamlines workflows with real-time dashboards and improves transparency, reducing delays in subsidy distribution.

Answer: C. Operation of satellite broadband services in India

IN-SPACe authorized Starlink (SpaceX) to operate satellite broadband services, enabling coverage in remote areas.

Answer: C. Citizenship Act, 1955

NPR was introduced under the Citizenship Act, 1955 and governed by the Citizenship Rules, 2003.

Answer: D. Stabilisation Clause

This clause ensures financial protection for license holders against future increases in taxes or royalties.

Answer: C. Assess and rate creditworthiness of borrowers

CRAs evaluate the repayment ability of entities and rate their debt instruments.

Answer: C. Transferring disaster-related risks to capital market investors

Cat Bonds help governments or insurers transfer risk from natural disasters like cyclones to investors.

Answer: B. Transferring a contract to a new party with unchanged terms

Novation legally replaces an existing party in a contract with another, keeping the rest of the terms intact.

Answer: C. Ensure consumer protection by listing authorised apps

The whitelist helps consumers identify regulated apps and avoid fraudulent loan services.

Answer: B. Germination of Indian crop seeds in space

He studied how green gram and fenugreek seeds behave in microgravity to support future space farming.

Answer: C. Recognize fish farmers and promote sustainable aquaculture

The event highlighted contributions of fish farmers and launched key schemes like hatchery guidelines and PMMSY projects.

Answer: C. Consumption inequality

The Gini Index of 25.5 reflects low consumption inequality, though it underestimates true inequality compared to income or wealth metrics.

Answer: C. Offer psychometric testing and life skills training

The TALASH initiative (Tribal Aptitude, Life Skills, and Self-Esteem Hub) is designed to provide psychometric assessments, career counselling, and life-skills training for tribal students in Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs).

Answer: B. UNICEF India

The TALASH initiative is a joint project between the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and UNICEF India to support holistic education and personal development of tribal students.

Answer: B. Train 20 lakh tribal governance functionaries

The Aadi KARMAYOGI mission is a tribal responsive governance programme that aims to build a cadre of 20 lakh grassroots tribal changemakers for last-mile governance.

Answer: C. UPI

The IMF report acknowledges UPI (Unified Payments Interface) as the fastest-growing and most widely adopted real-time payment platform globally, processing over 18 billion transactions per month.

Answer: C. Ensure transparency and fair billing

The Department of Financial Services wants the National Health Claims Exchange (NHCX) regulated by IRDAI to ensure greater transparency, eliminate inflated medical bills, and balance insurer-provider relationships.

Answer: C. Specialised Investment Funds

SBI Mutual Fund has entered the SIF (Specialised Investment Fund) space, offering advanced, flexible investment strategies under its Magnum brand, targeted at experienced investors.

Answer: C. Surplus liquidity creating inflation risk

The RBI's liquidity surplus (~₹3–4 trillion) could lead to inflationary pressure and misallocation of credit, prompting calls for clearer liquidity targets and better tools.

Answer: C. Improve market access and price realisation for farmers

By adding seven new commodities, e-NAM enhances digital trading, helping farmers gain better market access and pricing. The total listed products now reach 238.

Answer: C. Agricultural activity and crop status

Google launched the AMED (Agricultural Monitoring and Event Detection) API to track crop and field activity in real time, helping enhance climate resilience and productivity.

Answer: C. Trading before making stock recommendations

Front-running involves executing trades before making public stock tips to benefit from expected price movements. SEBI accused Bhasin of this in its market manipulation investigation.

Answer: B. 131

The Global Gender Gap Report 2025, released by the World Economic Forum (WEF), ranked India 131st out of 148 countries, highlighting gender inequality in economic and health indicators.

Answer: B. Ministry of Electronics and IT

The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY), along with CERT-In and SISA, released the whitepaper to guide India’s transition toward quantum-resilient cybersecurity frameworks.

Answer: C. Maratha Military Landscapes

The Maratha Military Landscapes of India, comprising 12 strategically located forts, were inscribed as India’s 44th UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2025.

Answer: D. Spread digital literacy and cyber awareness

The Sanchar Mitra Scheme is a volunteer-based programme aimed at building digital literacy and raising awareness about cyber safety among citizens through university students.

Answer: D. One-Horned Rhinoceros

RhoDIS (Rhino DNA Index System) is a forensic database project initiated to create DNA profiles of rhinos, aiding in conservation and anti-poaching measures.

Answer: C. ₹2 lakh

As per RBI’s guidelines, agricultural loans up to ₹2 lakh per borrower are to be provided without collateral, unless voluntarily offered.

Answer: D. Insurance sector companies

The BSE Insurance Index, launched by Asia Index (a BSE-S&P Dow Jones JV), is focused on tracking the performance of listed insurance sector companies.

Answer: C. HDFC Bank

HDFC Bank was penalized by RBI for contravening guidelines related to foreign investments by granting a term loan in violation of regulatory norms.

Answer: C. Transition from subsistence to market-linked farming

FPOs aim to empower small farmers by forming collectives that shift farming practices toward market-linked, diversified, and climate-resilient models.

Answer: B. Bottom-up and pluralistic

Unlike China’s top-down approach, India’s Smart Agriculture model emphasizes blending AI and tech with grassroots traditions in a bottom-up, inclusive framework.

Answer: D) 63%

The PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 reported that 63% of Class 9 students struggle with basic mathematics, revealing deep foundational learning gaps in the Indian school system.

Answer: C) 1 tonne

Each CCC represents 1 tonne of CO₂ equivalent reduced under India’s CCTS, a market-based system for controlling greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: D) Automobiles

The CCTS covers heavy industrial sectors like Aluminium, Cement, Petrochemicals, Paper and Pulp, but not the Automobile sector.

Answer: D) Charge duty only on raw materials

The proposed SEZ amendment seeks to make DTA sales more viable by charging duties only on raw materials rather than on finished goods.

Answer: C) Slice

Slice launched India’s first UPI-powered physical bank branch in Bengaluru with features like UPI ATMs and UPI-linked credit cards.

Answer: D) ₹1.4 lakh crore

CRISIL estimated India’s informal credit market to be worth ₹1.4 lakh crore, showing high dependency on non-regulated lending sources.

Answer: C) CareEdge Global IFSC Ltd

RBI allowed the use of CareEdge Global IFSC Ltd ratings to assess credit risks under Basel III for exposures in International Financial Services Centres.

Answer: C) ₹10 lakh

RBI clarified that MSMEs can avail loans up to ₹10 lakh backed by voluntarily pledged gold without violating collateral-free PSL norms.

Answer: C) 3.1 MMT

As per the India–Saudi Ma’aden agreement, India will import 3.1 million metric tonnes (MMT) of DAP fertilizer annually starting from FY 2025–26.

Answer: C) VRRR offers market-determined returns

Banks are opting for VRRR (Variable Rate Reverse Repo) because it provides higher, market-based returns, unlike the fixed-rate SDF mechanism.

Answer: C. Bengal Florican

The Bengal Florican is the critically endangered bird species recorded during the bird survey in Kaziranga National Park in 2025.

Answer: C. To geo-tag attendance of MGNREGS workers

NMMS is a mobile app that requires two photographs per day to monitor attendance of MGNREGS workers in real-time.

Answer: C. IIST

The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) led the space-based agriculture experiment involving crop seeds sent to the ISS in 2025.

Answer: B. Badaun

The 75th PMDK was inaugurated in Government Medical College, Badaun, Uttar Pradesh.

Answer: C. 26th

India ranked 26th globally in internet speed with a median download speed of 136.53 Mbps, improving significantly after the 5G rollout.

Answer: C. Distribute insurance to rural areas

The tie-up aims to improve insurance penetration, especially in rural and underserved markets through AU SFB’s network.

Answer: C. Sticky borrowing costs

MFIs claimed borrowing costs remained high even after RBI rate cuts, prompting them to raise interest rates.

Answer: C. Establishing dedicated IBC tribunals

The parliamentary panel recommended exclusive NCLT/NCLAT benches to speed up IBC case resolution.

Answer: C. Axis Bank

Google Pay is working with Axis Bank to launch a co-branded credit card to expand its fintech offerings.

Answer: C. Supporting rural tech startups

NABARD launched RuralTech CoLab to support agritech and fintech startups and enhance rural innovation and services.

Answer: B. Yakten

Yakten village in Sikkim’s Pakyong district has been declared India’s first digital nomad village under the ‘Nomad Sikkim’ initiative to promote year-round digital tourism.

Answer: C. Tejas Mk-1A

The GE-F404 engine powers the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk-1A, an upgraded indigenous fighter jet built by HAL.

Answer: B. Assistance in Deploying Energy Efficient Technologies in Industries & Establishments

ADEETIE aims to improve energy efficiency in MSMEs by deploying modern clean technologies.

Answer: C. Statathon – A Data Journey Towards Viksit Bharat

The NSO launched 'Statathon' to modernize India's statistical systems using AI and tech, commemorating 75 years of NSS.

Answer: C. Free healthcare services

The Sai Subhiksha Kisan Health Card was launched to provide free medical treatment to farmers, reducing financial health burdens.

Answer: A. Punjab

The Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) in Ludhiana will conduct field trials for GM maize during the 2025 kharif season.

Answer: C. India Sector Leaders Fund

Ageas Federal launched the India Sector Leaders Fund as a ULIP offering to invest in top-performing companies across sectors.

Answer: C. Promote sustainable farming and mechanization for smallholders

TAFE and ICRISAT have collaborated to educate farmers on sustainable agriculture and provide scale-appropriate mechanization solutions.

Answer: C. 5%

Under ADEETIE, micro and small enterprises receive a 5% interest subsidy to adopt energy-efficient technologies.

Answer: B. SEBI

SEBI introduced a settlement scheme (July 21, 2025 – Jan 19, 2026) for VCFs that failed to wind up expired schemes properly.

Answer: C) Delhi

The E-Waste Eco Park is being set up in Holambi Kalan, Delhi, to promote sustainable e-waste management and include facilities like recycling, training, and resale centers.

Answer: D) 35%

The 2025 UN SDG Report highlighted that 35% of targets are either stagnating or regressing, with key challenges in areas like hunger, education, water, and economic growth.

Answer: C) To create a genetic database for precision healthcare

Gujarat launched the project to create a tribal genome database to improve targeted healthcare and research for tribal populations.

Answer: C) Using Indian spot market prices

SEBI proposed valuing Gold/Silver ETFs based on Indian spot prices to better reflect the local market and reduce dependence on international rates.

Answer: C) Simplifying digital lending infrastructure

ULI is aimed at unifying and streamlining the digital lending ecosystem, but adoption is slow due to integration challenges with NBFCs.

Answer: D) 35%

The report reveals that 35% of India’s bank accounts are inactive, primarily due to dormant Jan Dhan accounts.

Answer: B) ₹24,000 crore annual outlay for farmers

PMDDKY includes a ₹24,000 crore yearly outlay to enhance agricultural productivity, sustainability, and credit access, covering 1.7 crore farmers over six years.

Answer: C) ICAR

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) marked its 97th Foundation Day by announcing innovations in soil testing, natural farming, and farmer grievance redressal.

Answer: C) Cross-Border Payment Aggregator Licence

EximPe received RBI's approval for a Cross-Border Payment Aggregator Licence to facilitate global trade, especially for SMEs.

Answer: C) Sustainable farming and climate resilience

The meeting emphasized sustainable agriculture practices, genomics, and climate change adaptation as part of the India–Argentina collaboration.

Answer: C) Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad ranked 1st among cities with population over 10 lakh in the Swachh Survekshan 2024–25, conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Answer: C) Curb speculation and protect retail investors

SEBI imposed curbs due to data showing 91% of retail F&O traders incurred losses. The goal is to discourage speculative behavior and encourage safer, long-term investment strategies.

Answer: D) Neutralizing aerial threats

Akash Prime is a surface-to-air missile system developed by DRDO to intercept and destroy aerial threats like drones and aircraft, especially in high-altitude regions.

Answer: C) New tax regime without 80C deductions

Under the new tax regime, the 80C deduction benefit is unavailable, making ELSS less attractive despite being a tax-saving investment under the old regime.

Answer: D) Filing Form CSR-1 and IT registrations (12A, 80G)

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs requires NGOs to file Form CSR-1 and be registered under 12A/80G of the Income Tax Act to ensure transparency in CSR funding.

Answer: C) Year-round production

Grain-based ethanol allows cooperative mills to operate beyond the seasonal limits of sugarcane, enabling year-round ethanol production and contributing to rural employment and E20 blending goals.

Answer: C) Custom models and dynamic allocation

Active factor-based mutual funds use customized quantitative models to optimize returns using factors like momentum, quality, and value, gaining popularity among fund houses and investors.

Answer: C) Secunderabad Cantonment

Secunderabad Cantonment was awarded the Best Cantonment Board for its performance in cleanliness and waste management under the Swachh Survekshan 2024–25.

Answer: C) 2027–28

RBI has announced that climate risk disclosures by banks and financial institutions will become mandatory from FY 2027–28, supporting India’s Net Zero 2070 vision.

Answer: D) Prayagraj

Prayagraj was recognized as the Best Ganga Town in Swachh Survekshan 2024–25 for its outstanding efforts in maintaining cleanliness around the Ganga River.

Answer: C) INS Nistar

INS Nistar is India’s first indigenously developed Diving Support Vessel (DSV) built by Hindustan Shipyard Ltd. It supports deep-sea submarine rescue operations and enhances India’s underwater capability under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Answer: C) SEBI

SEBI has proposed a new framework for passive mutual funds such as ETFs and index funds to bring more clarity and improve regulation. It also expanded categories for active and solution-oriented schemes.

Answer: C) Electricity Futures

Electricity Futures are cash-settled contracts now introduced in India on platforms like NSE and MCX. These aim to reduce price volatility and enhance power sector efficiency.

Answer: C) PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana

The PMDDKY is a mega agriculture reform initiative integrating 36 schemes across 11 departments with a focus on productivity improvement and sustainable farming.

Answer: D) ₹24,000 crore

The Government allocated ₹24,000 crore per year for six years starting October 2025 under the PMDDKY to uplift low-productivity districts and strengthen agri-infrastructure.

Answer: D) State Bank of India (SBI)

SBI was honored as the “World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025” by Global Finance Magazine for its innovative digital and vernacular banking services.

Answer: C) Allowing value and contra funds to co-exist

SEBI has proposed to allow both value and contra fund schemes under active mutual fund categories, which was previously not allowed.

Answer: D) HSBC

HSBC became the first major UK bank to exit NZBA, citing pressure from policymakers. However, it maintains its long-term net-zero targets.

Answer: B) ₹50,000

The Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme was revised to provide a minimum insurance cover of ₹50,000 to eligible EPF members even if there is a job gap of up to 6 months.

Answer: D) ₹52,000 crore

The retail asset securitisation market in India reached ₹52,000 crore in Q1 FY26, with growth led by NBFCs and the launch of India’s first RMBS.

Answer: C) Create a citizen-centric, future-ready bureaucracy

NSCSTI 2.0 focuses on reducing complexity, integrating AI, and hybrid learning systems to prepare Indian civil servants for future challenges and better public service delivery.

Answer: C) South Africa

NSCSTI 2.0 has attracted global attention including interest from Bangladesh, Maldives, and South Africa, indicating its international relevance.

Answer: D) It is developed using Lactococcus lactis

AdFalciVax is based on a novel platform using Lactococcus lactis, making it safe, scalable, and stable at room temperature for over 9 months.

Answer: C) Self-certify for shipping bill closure

The draft EDPMS reforms allow exporters with shipping bills under ₹10 lakh to close them via self-declaration, reducing compliance burden.

Answer: D) ₹10 lakh

Aurum PropTech launched the first SEBI-approved SM‑REIT in India with a minimum investment of ₹10 lakh, aimed at promoting fractional ownership in commercial real estate.

Answer: C) Richer data and interoperability

ISO 20022 offers detailed structured messages, improving payment speed, compliance, and cross-border transaction accuracy.

Answer: D) Disclose foreign income/assets and file ITR-2/3

Individuals investing abroad must file ITR-2 or ITR-3 and disclose all foreign assets/income to comply with LRS and avoid penalties under the Black Money Act.

Answer: D) 1st

India topped the IMF-FIS 2025 Fast Payments Report with a FPAS (Fast Payment Assessment Score) of 87.5%, largely driven by UPI.

Answer: D) Maharashtra

Maharashtra is the first Indian state to classify livestock and poultry under agriculture, allowing farmers to access subsidies, tax relief, and financial benefits.

Answer: C) ₹7,080 crore

The new classification of livestock and poultry as agriculture in Maharashtra is projected to generate an estimated ₹7,080 crore in additional rural income each year.

Answer: -- B. July 30, 2025

The NISAR satellite, a joint Earth observation mission by NASA and ISRO, is set to be launched on July 30, 2025, from Sriharikota aboard GSLV-F16.

Answer: -- C. Article 67(a)

Article 67(a) enables the Vice President to resign by writing under his hand addressed to the President, with no requirement for formal acceptance or time delay.

Answer: -- C. Develop iconic tourist centres to global standards

The SASCI Scheme (Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment) aims to upgrade India’s iconic tourist destinations to global benchmarks by 2026.

Answer: -- C. Substantive influence

The proposed Income Tax Bill introduces “substantive influence” as a criterion, allowing scrutiny even without shareholding or board control, thereby widening the scope of transfer pricing regulations.

Answer: -- C. Explicit customer consent for digital services

RBI's draft guidelines emphasize explicit customer consent before activating digital banking, ensuring users aren't forced into services they didn’t opt for.

Answer: -- D. Revenue over ₹50 crore

Under the current law, revenue threshold is not a criterion; it focuses on ownership, management control, and board participation.

Answer: -- B. AMCs can manage these under existing MF license

SEBI proposed that AMCs can manage non-broad-based funds like family offices under their existing MF license, removing the need for a separate PMS license.

Answer: -- D. Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

The Meri Panchayat App was recognized under the Cultural and Linguistic Diversity category at the WSIS+20 High-Level Event for enhancing digital inclusion in rural governance.

Answer: -- C. Crop diversification and irrigation

The PM-DDKY aims at crop diversification, sustainable farming, and infrastructure development, especially in low-productivity districts.

Answer: -- C. Intensive Agriculture District Programme

PM-DDKY draws from the Intensive Agriculture District Programme (IADP) of the 1960s, which laid the foundation for the Green Revolution through focused district-level planning.

Answer: C. 91%

Out of 54 workers, 49 had no safety gear at the time of death, which is approximately 91%.

Answer: B. 951 million

The report projects that India’s urban population will nearly double to 951 million by 2050.

Answer: C. Bengaluru

The focus cities listed were Chennai, Indore, New Delhi, Lucknow, Surat, and Thiruvananthapuram. Bengaluru was not mentioned.

Answer: C. Full code implementation

FACE member firms must adopt the Code of Conduct within six months of issuance.

Answer: D. 1600-series

TRAI agreed on phased implementation of the 1600-series for commercial calls in the BFSI sector to differentiate legitimate calls.

Answer: D. Gold and Silver

SEBI may allow equity mutual fund schemes to optionally invest in gold and silver to increase diversification.

Answer: C. 67.0

The FI-Index value rose to 67.0 in FY25, up from 64.2 in FY24.

Answer: D. 25%

CoinDCX has launched a bounty program offering up to 25% of recovered funds to ethical hackers and cybersecurity experts.

Answer: E. 80%

The Namo Drone Didi scheme provides an 80% government subsidy (up to ₹8 lakh) for drones given to Women SHGs.

Answer: D. PDPS

The Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) pays farmers the difference between market price and a fixed price without any procurement.

Answer: C. Bihar

The Bihar government launched the 'Digital Gram Yojana' to ensure digital connectivity in rural areas by providing free internet access to households in over 5,000 villages.

Answer: C. Promote e-learning and digital content

The Samagra Shiksha 2.0 aims to improve digital education by integrating e-learning tools and online platforms into school curriculums nationwide.

Answer: A. Western Railway

Western Railway has implemented AI-powered surveillance cameras in select trains to monitor passenger safety and improve real-time incident reporting.

Answer: C. 6.25%

The Reserve Bank of India maintained the repo rate at 6.25% in its recent monetary policy to manage inflation while supporting economic growth.

Answer: D. Axis Bank

Axis Bank introduced an AI-powered Green Finance Assistant to promote eco-friendly projects and climate-resilient lending processes.

Answer: A. SIDBI

SIDBI launched a Digital MSME Credit Scheme to provide faster, paperless loan approvals for micro, small, and medium enterprises through digital platforms.

Answer: B. Safe Digital Transactions

RBI's 2025 Financial Literacy Week focused on promoting secure digital transactions among users through awareness programs and campaigns.

Answer: B. IndusInd Bank

IndusInd Bank rolled out a voice-enabled UPI feature, making it accessible for visually challenged users to make payments through voice instructions.

Answer: E. Karnataka

The Karnataka government launched the Krishi Samriddhi Yojana, aiming to double farmers' income by using modern agricultural technologies and support systems.

Answer: B. Creating a digital database for soil quality

The Soil Health Digital Mission aims to map and digitize soil quality across India to help farmers improve crop yield through scientific soil management.

Answer: C. To create a national database for unorganised workers

The eShram portal was launched to create a National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW), assigning them a Universal Account Number (UAN) to access welfare schemes.

Answer: B. CETA – Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

The India–UK CETA signed in July 2025 allows 99% of Indian exports duty-free access and includes provisions on trade, services, skilled mobility, and social security.

Answer: C. SPoCS

The Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science (SPoCS) fosters scientific temper by establishing Science Cities, Centres, Innovation Hubs, and Planetariums under the Ministry of Culture.

Answer: B. Nitin Gupta

Retired IRS officer and former CBDT Chairman Nitin Gupta has been appointed Chairperson of NFRA, India’s top regulator for auditing and financial reporting.

Answer: C. Second depository to be listed in India

NSDL will be the second depository listed after CDSL, as per SEBI’s regulation for transparency and public participation in market infrastructure institutions.

Answer: C. Create a unified global payment and wallet platform

PayPal World is a unified global digital wallet and payment platform to streamline cross-border transactions and integrate services like Venmo and UPI.

Answer: D. AML/CTF compliance violations

The HKMA fined IOB's HK branch HK$850,000 for failing to comply with Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CTF) rules.

Answer: D. Provide MSP for organic crops

The committee recommended institutionalizing MSP for organic crops with a 20–30% premium to incentivize natural and sustainable farming practices.

Answer: E. PDMC

The “Per Drop More Crop” (PDMC) component promotes micro-irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems to enhance water-use efficiency.

Answer: C. Restore ecological balance in rainfed regions

WDC aims to restore ecological balance and enhance productivity in rainfed areas by improving land and water conservation practices.

Answer: B. SVAMITVA Scheme

The SVAMITVA Scheme, launched in April 2020, uses drone-based surveys to provide property cards to rural residents, ensuring legal ownership and reducing land disputes.

Answer: C. RuPay and UPI Integration

India launched UPI and RuPay services in the Maldives to enhance digital transactions, aligning with the "Neighbourhood First" policy.

Answer: C. 3.5 crore jobs

PM-VBRY aims to generate over 3.5 crore new formal jobs, including 1.92 crore first-time workers, by providing financial incentives to employers and employees.

Answer: C. Eliminating fixed-line broadband completely

The policy promotes fixed-line broadband and aims to reach 100 million households, not eliminate it.

Answer: D. 80%

The policy aims to increase tower fiberization from the current 46% to 80% by 2030 to enhance connectivity.

Answer: D. Replace hard copies with digital links/QR codes

SEBI proposes paperless disclosures by replacing mailed reports with QR codes or links to reduce compliance burden and promote sustainability.

Answer: C. High operational costs due to 60 crore daily transactions

The RBI flagged the need for a funding model to maintain the fast-growing UPI system, which has scaled to 60 crore transactions per day.

Answer: C. Empower rural women as insurance facilitators

Bima Sakhi Yojana appoints SHG women as facilitators to provide last-mile access to insurance in rural areas, promoting financial inclusion.

Answer: C. Federal Bank

In collaboration with M2P and MinkasuPay, Federal Bank launched India’s first biometric authentication system for online card transactions.

Answer: D. BAANKNET

BAANKNET is a centralized e-auction platform launched by PSBs and IBBI, offering higher transparency and better recovery than the earlier e-Bikray system.

Answer: C) A synthetic aperture radar satellite for Earth observation

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint Earth-observation mission using dual-frequency SAR to monitor changes in Earth's surface, like biomass, glaciers, and earthquakes.

Answer: B) Santhal, Munda, Oraon

Sohrai Art is a ritual mural painting tradition by Santhal, Munda, and Oraon tribes in Jharkhand, symbolizing agrarian life and spiritual ecology.

Answer: C) Jodhpur

Exercise Bold Kurukshetra 2025, a bilateral military exercise between India and Singapore, took place in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, focusing on mechanised warfare and peacekeeping drills.

Answer: C) Powerline collisions

The critically endangered GIB faces frequent deaths due to collisions with high-tension power lines, prompting calls for designated "power corridors."

Answer: D) 67.0

RBI reported a Financial Inclusion Index of 67.0 in March 2025, reflecting improvement driven largely by usage and quality of financial services.

Answer: B) Requirement of physical visits despite no change in details

Although RBI allows digital re-KYC for low-risk accounts, many banks still demand physical visits and unnecessary document submissions, creating hardship in rural areas.

Answer: C) Reduction of SLR from 75% to 65%

Payment banks requested a reduction in the Statutory Liquidity Ratio to increase investment flexibility and improve net interest margins.

Answer: C) Biometric authentication (fingerprint/face ID)

Federal Bank introduced India’s first biometric-based authentication for online transactions, replacing OTPs and ensuring faster and safer checkouts.

Answer: D) 33%

As per IBEF 2024, horticulture contributes approximately 33% to India’s agricultural GVA, making it vital for the country’s agri-economy.

Answer: C) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

SAR technology is used in smart farming to detect moisture, waterlogging, and crop conditions under all weather conditions, including cloud cover.

Answer: C) Kudavolai System

The Kudavolai system was a proto-electoral mechanism used during the Chola period where representatives were selected using palm-leaf ballots. It is one of the earliest known examples of democratic practices in Indian history.

Answer: C) Tackle Left-Wing Extremism and urban Maoist networks

The Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill aims to curb unlawful activities by Left-Wing Extremist (LWE) organisations and their alleged urban networks, sparking concerns over misuse and violation of civil liberties.

Answer: D) About 6% of Indians cannot afford a nutritious diet

The SOFI 2025 report highlights that about 6% of India's population cannot afford a nutritious diet, despite surplus food grain stocks, pointing to distribution and affordability issues.

Answer: D) 58

As of 2022, Project Tiger has expanded to 58 reserves across 18 states, covering around 2.5% of India’s geographical area.

Answer: C) Regulate branch expansion and infrastructure development

The RBI’s ECBA (Eligibility Criteria for Business Authorisation) is designed to regulate Urban Co-operative Banks’ (UCBs) expansion, replacing the previous FSWM criteria.

Answer: D) Midcap equity fund

BoI Mutual Fund launched a midcap equity fund aimed at capturing opportunities in India's expanding mid-sized companies in sectors like finance, healthcare, and consumer goods.

Answer: C) Circular economy and waste reduction in MSEs

SPICE (Scheme for Promotion and Investment in Circular Economy) supports sustainable practices in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) with credit-linked subsidies for green technologies.

Answer: C) Essentials of space technology in agriculture

The short-term course titled “Essentials of Space Technology in Agriculture Sector” aims to equip stakeholders with knowledge about satellite data, remote sensing, and GPS in farming.

Answer: C) Drone warfare

The course focuses on peaceful agricultural applications of space tech like remote sensing, satellite data, and GPS—not drone warfare, which is military-related.

Answer: C. 500 km

The Pralay missile, developed by DRDO, has a maximum range of up to 500 km. It is a solid-fuel, road-mobile, quasi-ballistic missile designed for precision battlefield strikes.

Answer: D. Moderately low inequality

A Gini Index score of 25.5 indicates moderately low income inequality. However, critics argue this under-represents actual inequality due to India's large informal economy and digital, gender-based disparities.

Answer: D. Kaziranga Tiger Reserve

With 18.65 tigers per 100 sq. km, Kaziranga Tiger Reserve in Assam is ranked third in tiger density, after Bandipur and Corbett reserves.

Answer: D. Ratadiya Ri Dheri

The new Harappan site Ratadiya Ri Dheri in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, is significant for being the first discovered in the arid core of the Thar Desert, expanding IVC’s geographic reach.

Answer: D. 6.4%

The IMF revised India’s GDP growth projection for FY26 to 6.4%, up from the earlier forecast of 6.2%, citing lower inflation and reform momentum.

Answer: D. 20%

RBI capped total RE investment in a single AIF scheme at 20% of its corpus, with an individual RE limited to 10%, to control indirect exposure risks.

Answer: C. Xaults

Xaults, a Bengaluru-based startup, received SEBI’s approval to test fractional shares via its innovation sandbox, aiming to increase retail market access.

Answer: C. It allows loan decisions within 24 hours.

The new digital credit model for MSMEs enables fully automated, paperless loan decisions within 24 hours using real-time data from PAN, GST, ITR, and credit bureaus.

Answer: C. 74.7%

In NABARD’s RECSS survey, 74.7% of rural households expressed optimism that their income would increase over the next year—highest recorded so far.

Answer: C. 52.6%

The NABARD survey shows 52.6% of rural households now rely exclusively on formal credit sources, an all-time high, reflecting improved financial inclusion.

Answer: C. High trade barriers and India’s defence and energy ties with Russia

The 25% tariff was part of the proposed Russia Sanctions Act 2025 and aimed at penalizing India’s continued trade, especially energy and defence, with Russia while also pressuring India to lower trade barriers with the U.S.

Answer: C. Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project

The 1,856 MW Sawalkote project in Jammu & Kashmir, originally planned in the 1980s, was revived by India as a strategic move to use its share of western rivers under the Indus Waters Treaty.

Answer: C. Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

NISAR uses dual-frequency SAR (L-band from NASA and S-band from ISRO) to monitor Earth's surface changes for climate and disaster management.

Answer: C. Extended director tenure to 10 years (except chairpersons)

The Act extended the tenure of cooperative bank directors to 10 years, aligning governance with democratic principles post the 97th Constitutional Amendment.

Answer: D. Technical issues with new interface

IOB faced login failures and intermittent service on the new platform, prompting a rollback to the old interface to ensure customer service continuity.

Answer: B. Positive price trends and abnormal valuation ratios as criteria

SEBI’s revised framework now shortlists companies with positive short-term price trends and either extremely high or negative PE ratios for stricter trading restrictions.

Answer: C. With landowner's written permission and state approval

The Union Agriculture Minister announced that tenant farmers can benefit from PMFBY and MSP schemes if authorised by landowners and permitted by the state.

Answer: C. Saves time and improves seed distribution

Drones were used to sow germinated seeds uniformly in Pokkali fields, saving time and improving yields by enhancing crop establishment.

Answer: D. ICRISAT

ICRISAT launched an AI-powered agromet advisory service under Monsoon Mission III to support climate-resilient agriculture using AI and local-language WhatsApp bots.

Answer: C. To identify climate-tech startup challenges

The map highlights 25 high-impact challenges across sectors like energy, water, and agriculture for climate-tech innovation and startup growth in India.