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Daily Current Affairs
21 & 22 December, 2025
1. Tamil Nadu’s statewide Hornbill Population Survey will primarily use which method for estimating population density?
A. Quadrat sampling
B. Camera trapping
C. Line transect method
D. Mark–recapture method
E. Point count method
Answer: C. Line transect method
Explanation: The survey will use the line transect method with daily tracking to record hornbill sightings and estimate population density scientifically.
2. Which of the following tiger reserves is included in Phase-1 of Tamil Nadu’s Hornbill Population Survey?
A. Mudumalai Tiger Reserve
B. Anamalai Tiger Reserve
C. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
D. Bandipur Tiger Reserve
E. Nagarhole Tiger Reserve
Answer: B. Anamalai Tiger Reserve
Explanation: Phase-1 covers Anamalai, Srivilliputhur–Megamalai, and Kalakkad–Mundathurai Tiger Reserves based on past hornbill sightings.
3. The Snow White duck breed, recently revived in Kuttanad, is maintained exclusively by which institution?
A. Central Avian Research Institute
B. Kerala Veterinary University
C. Duck Hatchery and Training (DHAT) Institute
D. ICAR–IVRI
E. National Poultry Research Centre
Answer: C. Duck Hatchery and Training (DHAT) Institute
Explanation: The Snow White breed was developed at Niranam Duck Farm and is now maintained exclusively at the DHAT Institute, Manjadi.
4. India’s MoU with the Netherlands on maritime heritage mainly supports development of which project?
A. Sagarmala Programme
B. Lothal Dockyard Restoration
C. National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC)
D. Indian Naval Museum, Kochi
E. Gujarat Coastal Tourism Project
Answer: C. National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC)
Explanation: The MoU focuses on cooperation for developing the NMHC at Lothal, highlighting India’s ancient maritime history.
5. Under SEBI’s new mutual fund regulations, which concept replaces the Total Expense Ratio (TER)?
A. Net Cost Ratio
B. Base Expense Ratio (BER)
C. Fund Operating Ratio
D. Investor Cost Index
E. Expense Transparency Ratio
Answer: B. Base Expense Ratio (BER)
Explanation: SEBI replaced TER with BER to improve transparency by separating core fund expenses from taxes and transaction costs.
6. SEBI’s new Stockbroker Regulations, 2025 reduce the maximum brokerage in the spot market to:
A. 10 basis points
B. 8.59 basis points
C. 7 basis points
D. 6 basis points
E. 5 basis points
Answer: D. 6 basis points
Explanation: The new regulations reduced brokerage limits in the spot market from 8.59 bps to 6 bps to lower investor costs.
7. According to RBI data, the share of credit cards in total retail loans declined mainly due to:
A. Decline in consumer demand
B. Higher merchant discount rates
C. RBI tightening norms on unsecured lending
D. Increase in credit card frauds
E. Withdrawal of card reward programs
Answer: C. RBI tightening norms on unsecured lending
Explanation: Higher risk weights and tighter guidelines on unsecured loans led banks to slow credit card expansion.
8. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has committed how much sovereign lending to India for 2025?
A. $2.5 billion
B. $3.2 billion
C. $4.0 billion
D. $4.3 billion
E. $5.1 billion
Answer: D. $4.3 billion
Explanation: ADB announced $4.3 billion in sovereign lending to India for sectors like skills, renewable energy, urban services, and transport.
9. Cotton farmers in Telangana are unable to realise MSP mainly due to:
A. Low international cotton prices
B. High input costs
C. Poor fibre quality from unseasonal rains
D. Lack of procurement centres
E. Excess cotton imports
Answer: C. Poor fibre quality from unseasonal rains
Explanation: Heavy and unseasonal rains damaged fibre quality, making much of the produce ineligible for MSP procurement.
10. India’s average cotton yield of about 448 kg/ha is best described as:
A. Among the highest globally
B. Equal to global average
C. Better than the US and China
D. Among the lowest globally
E. Comparable to Australia
Answer: D. Among the lowest globally
Explanation: India’s cotton yield is among the lowest worldwide, with more than 20 countries recording higher productivity.
