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Daily Current Affairs
31 July, 2025
1. What was the primary reason cited by the U.S. for imposing a 25% tariff on Indian imports in August 2025?
A. Increase in Chinese imports through India
B. India’s trade with Iran
C. High trade barriers and India’s defence and energy ties with Russia
D. Low U.S. exports to India
E. Delay in India–UK FTA
Answer: C. High trade barriers and India’s defence and energy ties with Russia
Explanation: The 25% tariff was part of the proposed Russia Sanctions Act 2025 and aimed at penalizing India’s continued trade, especially energy and defence, with Russia while also pressuring India to lower trade barriers with the U.S.
2. Which hydroelectric project did India revive to assert rights over the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan?
A. Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project
B. Baglihar Project
C. Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project
D. Uri-II Hydroelectric Project
E. Chenani Hydropower Plant
Answer: C. Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project
Explanation: The 1,856 MW Sawalkote project in Jammu & Kashmir, originally planned in the 1980s, was revived by India as a strategic move to use its share of western rivers under the Indus Waters Treaty.
3. What is the key technological feature of the NASA–ISRO NISAR satellite?
A. Geo-stationary orbit imaging
B. Thermal imaging from geosynchronous orbit
C. Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
D. Ion propulsion radar
E. Water vapor satellite mapping
Answer: C. Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Explanation: NISAR uses dual-frequency SAR (L-band from NASA and S-band from ISRO) to monitor Earth’s surface changes for climate and disaster management.
4. What significant change did the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 make regarding cooperative banks?
A. Allowed privatisation of all cooperative banks
B. Reduced director tenure from 10 to 4 years
C. Extended director tenure to 10 years (except chairpersons)
D. Eliminated cooperative bank board elections
E. Merged cooperative banks with PSBs
Answer: C. Extended director tenure to 10 years (except chairpersons)
Explanation: The Act extended the tenure of cooperative bank directors to 10 years, aligning governance with democratic principles post the 97th Constitutional Amendment.
5. Why did Indian Overseas Bank revert to its old internet banking interface in July 2025?
A. Security breach
B. RBI mandate
C. Software licensing issue
D. Technical issues with new interface
E. Customer complaints about transaction charges
Answer: D. Technical issues with new interface
Explanation: IOB faced login failures and intermittent service on the new platform, prompting a rollback to the old interface to ensure customer service continuity.
6. What is a key feature of SEBI’s revised Enhanced Surveillance Mechanism (ESM) for small-cap stocks?
A. 0% margin requirement for short-term trades
B. Positive price trends and abnormal valuation ratios as criteria
C. Only large-cap stocks under watch
D. Automatic SEBI delisting
E. Weekly dividend reporting
Answer: B. Positive price trends and abnormal valuation ratios as criteria
Explanation: SEBI’s revised framework now shortlists companies with positive short-term price trends and either extremely high or negative PE ratios for stricter trading restrictions.
7. Under what condition can tenant farmers now avail PMFBY and MSP benefits?
A. If registered as owners
B. If they use GM seeds
C. With landowner’s written permission and state approval
D. If their land is less than 2 acres
E. If certified by Gram Panchayat
Answer: C. With landowner’s written permission and state approval
Explanation: The Union Agriculture Minister announced that tenant farmers can benefit from PMFBY and MSP schemes if authorised by landowners and permitted by the state.
8. What major benefit does drone-based seed sowing provide to waterlogged paddy fields in Kerala?
A. Increased weed growth
B. Reduced fertilizer needs
C. Saves time and improves seed distribution
D. Encourages mono-cropping
E. Reduces seed germination
Answer: C. Saves time and improves seed distribution
Explanation: Drones were used to sow germinated seeds uniformly in Pokkali fields, saving time and improving yields by enhancing crop establishment.
9. Which organisation launched AI-based climate advisory services for Indian smallholder farmers?
A. ICAR
B. NABARD
C. FAO
D. ICRISAT
E. Ministry of Rural Development
Answer: D. ICRISAT
Explanation: ICRISAT launched an AI-powered agromet advisory service under Monsoon Mission III to support climate-resilient agriculture using AI and local-language WhatsApp bots.
10. What is the purpose of SusMafia’s ‘Climate-Tech Opportunity Map’?
A. To regulate carbon pricing
B. To launch government subsidies
C. To identify climate-tech startup challenges
D. To plant trees in urban areas
E. To monitor global emissions
Answer: C. To identify climate-tech startup challenges
Explanation: The map highlights 25 high-impact challenges across sectors like energy, water, and agriculture for climate-tech innovation and startup growth in India.
