Source: TH
Context:
Union Budget 2026 promotes biologics under Biopharma SHAKTI strategy
- Focus on domestic production of biologics and biosimilars
- Shift toward non-animal testing models
- Boost to biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector
What are Biologics?
Biologics are advanced medicines produced using living organisms.
- Unlike traditional drugs:
- Made through biological processes
- Large and complex protein structures
- Examples:
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Vaccines
- Insulin
- Used in:
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune diseases
What are Biosimilars?
Biosimilars are near-identical versions of existing biologic drugs.
- Features:
- Similar safety and effectiveness
- Lower cost than original biologics
- Importance:
- Improves affordability
- Expands access to treatment
How are Biologics Produced?
Production involves multiple complex stages:
- Host Cell Selection:
- Bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells
- Genetic Engineering:
- DNA inserted to produce desired protein
- Large-scale Culture:
- Cells grown in bioreactors
- Purification:
- Protein extracted and cleaned
- Batch Testing:
- Ensures safety and consistency
What is Immunogenicity?
Immunogenicity is the ability to trigger an immune response.
- Risk:
- Body may reject biologics
- Solution:
- Rigorous testing and monitoring
MCQs
Q.1) What are biologics?
[1] Chemical drugs
[2] Medicines from living organisms
[3] Herbal drugs
[4] Synthetic drugs
Q.2) What are biosimilars?
[1] New drugs
[2] Copies of biologics
[3] Vaccines
[4] Antibiotics
Q.3) What is the main aim of biologics?
[1] General treatment
[2] Targeted therapy
[3] Cheap drugs
[4] Fast production
Q.4) What is used in biologics production?
[1] Machines only
[2] Living cells
[3] Metals
[4] Chemicals only
Q.5) What is precision medicine?
[1] General treatment
[2] Targeted treatment
[3] Surgery
[4] Therapy
ANSWERS
1 → [2]
2 → [2]
3 → [2]
4 → [2]
5 → [2]
