Context:
India updates climate commitments under Paris Agreement
- 60% non-fossil fuel power capacity by 2035
- 47% reduction in emissions intensity (from 2005 levels)
- Carbon sink target: 3.5–4 billion tonnes
- Targets submitted as part of Nationally Determined Contributions
What are NDCs?
- Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs):
- Country-specific climate action plans
- Submitted to:
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Nature:
- Voluntary commitments under global climate framework
What is Emissions Intensity?
- Emissions per unit of GDP
- Indicates:
- Carbon efficiency of economy
What is Carbon Sink?
- Natural systems that absorb CO₂:
- Forests
- Soil
- Oceans
KEY TARGETS (2035)
- 60% installed power from non-fossil sources
- 47% reduction in emissions intensity (base year: 2005)
- Carbon sink: 3.5–4 billion tonnes CO₂ equivalent
Important For which exam?
- UPSC Prelims (Environment, International Agreements)
- UPSC Mains GS Paper 3 (Environment, Climate Change)
- Essay (Climate Action, Sustainability)
- State PCS Exams
MCQs
Q.1) What does NDC stand for in climate negotiations?
[1] National Development Council
[2] Nationally Determined Contributions
[3] National Data Collection
[4] New Development Commitment
Q.2) Where are Nationally Determined Contributions submitted?
[1] World Bank
[2] IMF
[3] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
[4] WTO
Q.3) What is India’s target for non-fossil fuel-based power capacity by 2035?
[1] 40%
[2] 50%
[3] 60%
[4] 70%
Q.4) What is meant by emissions intensity?
[1] Total emissions of a country
[2] Emissions per unit of GDP
[3] Emissions from industries only
[4] Emissions from transport sector
Q.5) What does carbon sink refer to?
[1] Sources of emissions
[2] Systems that absorb carbon dioxide
[3] Industrial emissions
[4] Fossil fuel reserves
ANSWERS
1 → [2]
2 → [3]
3 → [3]
4 → [2]
5 → [2]
