Context:
The Lokpal of India, the country’s apex anti-corruption ombudsman, is facing renewed scrutiny following a steep decline in complaints—from 2,469 in FY 2022–23 to just 233 in 2025—and public criticism over a tender to purchase seven BMW cars. The developments have raised concerns about the institution’s relevance, credibility, and accountability in India’s anti-corruption ecosystem.
About Lokpal of India
An independent statutory body established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, the Lokpal investigates corruption allegations against public functionaries including the Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and government officials.
Historical Context:
- Origins: Conceptualised after the India Against Corruption movement (2011) led by Anna Hazare.
- Legal Foundation: The Act came into force on 16 January 2014, creating a national-level anti-corruption authority.
- Constitution: The first Lokpal was appointed in March 2019, marking a milestone in institutionalising accountability mechanisms at the central level.
Composition and Structure
- Chairperson: Justice A.M. Khanwilkar (former Supreme Court judge) – as of 2025.
- Members: Seven in total — four judicial and three non-judicial members, including former judges and senior administrators.
- Appointment Process:
Conducted by the President of India on recommendations from a Selection Committee comprising the Prime Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, Leader of Opposition, Chief Justice of India, and an eminent jurist.
Powers and Functions
- Inquiry & Investigation: Independent authority to investigate cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
- Jurisdiction: Covers the Prime Minister, Union Ministers, MPs, and government officials (Groups A–D), as well as organizations receiving government funding.
- Supervisory Role: Exercises oversight over the CBI in referred corruption cases to ensure impartial investigation.
- Prosecution Powers: Can sanction prosecutions, attach assets, and recommend suspensions or transfers of accused officials.
- Quasi-Judicial Authority: Possesses powers similar to a civil court for summoning witnesses, demanding records, and issuing orders.
