Palaeontologists discovered Herugavialis cairensis, a new extinct crocodilian species, in 45-million-year-old limestone of Egypt’s Mokattam Formation — the same rock formation associated with the Great Sphinx and Giza pyramids.
Context of the News
What Is It?
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- An extinct semi-aquatic crocodilian of the gharial superfamily (Gavialoidea)
- Originally classified in 1927 as Tomistoma cairense
- Advanced 3D cranial modelling revealed unique internal skeletal features, warranting an entirely new genus
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How Was It Named?
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- Heru (Horus) — the Egyptian deity associated with the Great Sphinx; chosen because the skull’s missing snout tip resembles the Sphinx’s missing nose
- cairensis — after Cairo
When and Where Did It Live?
- Middle Eocene Epoch, about 45 million years ago, during a global greenhouse climate phase
- In warm, shallow coastal waters and lagoons of the ancient Neo-Tethys Sea, which once covered northern Egypt and the Mediterranean basin
