Context:
Field trials for genetically modified (GM) maize are set to begin in Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, during the 2025 kharif season, following approval from the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) and the Punjab government.
What is Being Tested?
- Type of GM Crop: GM maize with:
- Herbicide-Tolerant (HT) Maize: Engineered to withstand glyphosate-K salt application for weed control.
- Insect-Resistant (IR) Maize: Designed to resist lepidopteran pests like the stem borer and fall armyworm.
- Technology Provider: Bayer
- Trial Phase: BRL-I and BRL-II (Biosafety Research Level Trials)
- Research Institution: Punjab Agricultural University (PAU)
- Regulatory Authority: Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India
Objectives of the Field Trials
- Assess the agronomic performance and environmental biosafety of GM maize.
- Generate scientific evidence to inform future policy decisions.
- Maintain non-commercial status – trials are purely for research, not market release.
Key Features of the Trials
- Confined and regulated field research conducted under national biosafety guidelines.
- GM maize combines BT and HT traits for dual protection against pests and weeds.
- Reviewed by multi-institutional expert panels at the state and national levels.
- Draws on past experience with BT cotton trials, also led by PAU.
Environmental Groups’ Concerns
- Alleged lack of public consultation and transparency.
- Fears of biosafety risks, cross-pollination, and herbicide overuse.
- Demand for immediate cancellation of the trial permissions in Punjab.
