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NABARD Grade A 2023 Previous Year Questions with Answers

Phase 1 ESI, ARD and Phase 2 questions from the NABARD Grade A 2023 exam — 99 questions, each with answer, analysis and exam tag

99 solved questionsPhase 1 & Phase 2By Faiz Sir, C4S
Faiz Sir, NABARD Grade A mentor at Clarity 4 SureWritten by Faiz Sir, NABARD Grade A mentor at Clarity4Sure, with experience across multiple NABARD Grade A and UPSC CSE exam cycles. Updated . Companion pages: NABARD ESI · NABARD ARD weightage · NABARD Grade A guide.

← 2024 questions · All years & cut-offs · 2022 questions →

Free PDF: full-length questions of each yearGet any year’s complete NABARD PYQ PDF with answers, free. Tap a year to message C4S on WhatsApp:

Try each question before opening the answer. For cut-offs, year-wise analysis, subject-wise trends and videos, see the NABARD Grade A PYQ repository (2021–2025).

NABARD 2023 questions with answers

NABARD 2023 Phase 1 ESI Questions with Answers (33)

The 2023 ESI paper was dominated by government schemes: PMKSY, Vibrant Villages, PMFBY, PM-DAKSH, PM-PRANAM, PM-AASHA, PMAY-G, MUDRA, PMMSY, PM-USHA, Amrit Dharohar and Lakhpati Didi. NABARD-linked items included SHG-BLP, the FPO credit guarantee fund and Gramin Bhandaran. Budget 2023-24 schemes resurfaced in the same year’s paper.

Q1Irrigation schemesScheme
Which are components of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana? 1. Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme 2. Har Khet Ko Pani 3. Command Area Development & Water Management 4. Per Drop More Crop [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 1, 2 and 4 only
  3. 1, 2 and 3 only
  4. 2 and 4 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: PMKSY has AIBP, Har Khet Ko Pani (which includes CAD&WM, surface minor irrigation and RRR of water bodies), Per Drop More Crop and the watershed component (WDC-PMKSY).

Revise with it:

  • Jal Shakti vs Agriculture ministry components
Q2Border-area developmentScheme
Vibrant Villages Programme covers identified villages in 46 blocks of 19 districts on the northern border. Which are its focus interventions? 1. Road connectivity 2. Housing and village infrastructure 3. Energy including renewables 4. Television and telecom connectivity 5. Tourism and cultural heritage [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 2, 3 and 5
  2. 1, 2 and 3
  3. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: VVP (2023) covers 2,967 villages in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh. It also includes livelihood and cooperative development.

Revise with it:

  • VVP-II (2025)
Q3Crop insuranceScheme
Which risks are covered under PMFBY? 1. Hailstorm 2. Cyclonic and unseasonal rains 3. Inundation 4. Landslide [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1, 2 and 3 only
  2. 2 and 4 only
  3. 1 and 4 only
  4. 1, 2 and 4 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: Hailstorm, landslide, inundation, cloudburst and natural fire are covered as localised risks. Cyclonic and unseasonal rains are covered as post-harvest losses (up to 14 days after harvest).

Revise with it:

  • Mid-season adversity
  • Prevented sowing
Q4Priority-sector lendingStatic
Which sector qualifies for the 7.5% micro-enterprise sub-target under priority-sector lending? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Social infrastructure
  2. Renewable energy
  3. Housing
  4. Khadi and Village Industries
  5. Education
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Khadi and Village Industries.

Analysis: RBI’s PSL directions specifically allow loans to the KVI sector to count towards the 7.5% micro-enterprise sub-target.

Revise with it:

  • PSL targets: 40% overall, 18% agriculture, 7.5% micro, 12% weaker sections
Q5NABARD / microfinanceStatic
The SHG–Bank Linkage Programme (1992), the world’s largest microfinance programme, was pioneered by: [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. RBI
  2. NABARD
  3. KVIC
  4. SBI
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) NABARD.

Revise with it:

  • SHG-BLP data (NABARD Status of Microfinance report)
Q6Social justice / skillingScheme
Under PM-DAKSH, which target groups are correctly matched with income criteria? 1. Scheduled Castes – family income below ₹5 lakh 2. OBCs – below ₹3 lakh 3. Economically Backward Classes – below ₹1 lakh [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1 and 3 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only.

Analysis: SCs, safai karamcharis and waste pickers have no income limit, so statement 1 is wrong.

Q7Fertiliser policyScheme
What is the objective of the PM-PRANAM scheme? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Long- and short-term skilling followed by employment
  2. Reducing chemical fertiliser use by incentivising states to adopt alternative fertilisers
  3. Improving nutrition of elementary-class children
  4. Funding state universities for equity, access and excellence
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Reducing chemical fertiliser use.

Analysis: 50% of the subsidy saved by a state is passed back to it as a grant. The distractors describe DDU-GKY, PM POSHAN and RUSA/PM-USHA.

Q8Price supportScheme
Which are components of PM-AASHA? 1. Price Support Scheme 2. Price Deficiency Payment Scheme 3. Pilot of Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1 and 3 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: Since 2024, PM-AASHA has been continued with PSS, PDPS and the Price Stabilisation Fund.

Q9Rural housingScheme
What is the per-unit assistance in plain areas under PMAY-G? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. ₹1.20 lakh
  2. ₹1.35 lakh
  3. ₹1.50 lakh
  4. ₹2.00 lakh
  5. ₹2.50 lakh
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) ₹1.20 lakh.

Analysis: Hilly states, difficult areas and IAP districts get ₹1.30 lakh, plus MGNREGS labour support and SBM-G toilet support.

Q10MSME creditDynamic
Under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSEs, the guarantee ceiling was enhanced from ₹2 crore to: [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. ₹4 crore
  2. ₹5 crore
  3. ₹7 crore
  4. ₹10 crore
  5. ₹15 crore
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) ₹5 crore.

Analysis: The ceiling was raised to ₹5 crore from April 2023. Budget 2025-26 later raised it to ₹10 crore for micro and small enterprises, so check the latest limit.

Q11SanitationScheme
Which scheme aims to make India open-defecation free? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Gramodyog Vikas Yojana
  2. National Rural Employment Programme
  3. Swachh Bharat Mission
  4. MGNREGA
  5. NRLM
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Swachh Bharat Mission.

Q12Village industriesScheme
Which are components of Gramodyog Vikas Yojana? 1. Agro-based & food processing 2. Mineral-based industry 3. Wellness & cosmetics [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 2 and 3 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: The scheme is run by KVIC. It also covers handmade paper, leather and plastics, rural engineering and biotechnology, and services.

Q13National incomeDynamic
According to NSO, India’s per-capita net national income at current prices for 2022-23 was about: [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. ₹1,72,000
  2. ₹1,50,000
  3. ₹1,65,000
  4. ₹2,00,000
  5. ₹2,50,000
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) About ₹1,72,000 (₹1,72,276).

Q14Financial inclusionScheme
About PM MUDRA Yojana: 1. Launched on 8 April 2015 2. Collateral-free micro-credit up to ₹10 lakh to non-corporate, non-farm small and micro entrepreneurs 3. Loans are given through Member Lending Institutions (banks, NBFCs, MFIs) [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1 and 3 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: Union Budget 2024-25 later raised the limit to ₹20 lakh with the new Tarun Plus category.

Revise with it:

  • Shishu, Kishore, Tarun
Q15Fisheries schemeScheme
Which are objectives (components) of PM Matsya Sampada Yojana? 1. Enhancement of production and productivity 2. Infrastructure and post-harvest management 3. Fisheries management and regulatory framework [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 3 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1 and 3 only
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Revise with it:

  • PM-MKSSY
  • FIDF
Q16Social justiceScheme
Which statement about the Swachhta Udyami Yojana is incorrect? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Concessional loans for community toilets and sanitation vehicles
  2. It was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
  3. Safai karamcharis and manual scavengers get loans at 4% per year
  4. Women beneficiaries get a 1% interest rebate
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) The launch year: it was launched on 2 October 2014, not in 2018.

Analysis: It is implemented through NSKFDC.

Q17Cluster developmentScheme
Which ministry implements SFURTI for cluster development? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. MSME
  2. Consumer Affairs
  3. Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
  4. Food Processing Industries
  5. Commerce and Industry
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Ministry of MSME.

Analysis: SFURTI is the Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries.

Q18EducationScheme
Which are focus areas of PM Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA)? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Equity, access and inclusion
  2. Quality teaching and learning
  3. Accreditation of non-accredited institutions
  4. ICT-based digital infrastructure
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Q19EducationDynamic
According to AISHE 2020-21, higher-education enrolment rose from 3.85 crore in 2019-20 to nearly: [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 5.50 crore
  2. 5.10 crore
  3. 4.70 crore
  4. 4.14 crore
  5. 4.05 crore
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) 4.14 crore.

Analysis: AISHE 2021-22 later reported 4.33 crore.

Q20PopulationReport
By which year is India’s sex ratio expected to improve to 952? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 2027
  2. 2030
  3. 2036
  4. 2047
  5. 2050
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) 2036.

Analysis: This is from the MoSPI report “Women and Men in India 2022”, based on population projections.

Q21Rural livelihoodsScheme
Which app did DAY-NRLM launch for marketing products made by women’s SHGs? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. eSHGCOM
  2. eSAFAL
  3. eSARAS
  4. eSAMRIDHI
  5. eSuvidha
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) eSARAS.

Revise with it:

  • SARAS Aajeevika Mela
Q22EnvironmentScheme
Which are objectives of the Amrit Dharohar scheme? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Conservation and sustainable management of wetlands
  2. Implementation over three years
  3. Eco-tourism and local livelihoods in wetlands
  4. Enhancing wetland carbon stock
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: It was announced in Union Budget 2023-24 and covers Ramsar sites.

Q23Rural livelihoodsDynamic
In his 2023 Independence Day speech, the PM said the government aims to create ___ ‘Lakhpati Didis’ through women’s SHGs. [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 0.5 crore
  2. 1 crore
  3. 2 crore
  4. 3 crore
  5. 4 crore
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) 2 crore.

Analysis: Union Budget 2024 (interim) raised the target to 3 crore. A Lakhpati Didi is an SHG member earning at least ₹1 lakh a year.

Q24Maternal healthScheme
Under Janani Suraksha Yojana, how much does a mother receive for institutional delivery in rural areas of low-performing states? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. ₹3,000
  2. ₹2,500
  3. ₹1,400
  4. ₹1,200
  5. ₹800
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) ₹1,400.

Analysis: In high-performing states, a rural mother receives ₹700.

Q25Trade policyStatic
What is the purpose of the FTP Amnesty Scheme? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Debt of top exporters
  2. Resolving defaults in export obligations
  3. Tax benefits to exporters
  4. Import disputes
  5. Credit incentives for notified markets
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Resolving defaults in export obligations.

Analysis: It was introduced in Foreign Trade Policy 2023 for EPCG and Advance Authorisation holders.

Q26Indian economyStatic
Which is NOT a feature of an underdeveloped economy? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Low per-capita income
  2. Low living standards
  3. High unemployment
  4. Low productivity
  5. Dependence on manufacturing and services
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Dependence on manufacturing and services.

Analysis: Underdeveloped economies typically depend on agriculture.

Q27BankingStatic
Banks can issue long-term bonds with a minimum maturity of ___ years to fund infrastructure and affordable housing. [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 10
  2. 7
  3. 5
  4. 3
  5. 2
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) 7 years.

Analysis: These bonds are exempt from CRR, SLR and PSL computation.

Q28FPOs / NABARDScheme
Under the 10,000 FPOs scheme, a ₹1,000 crore Credit Guarantee Fund (equal contribution from GoI and NABARD) has GoI as settlor and ___ as trustee. [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. NABSanrakshan
  2. SBI
  3. ICICI
  4. RBI
  5. PNB
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) NABSanrakshan Trustee Pvt Ltd.

Analysis: NCDC also runs a separate fund.

Q29NABARD schemesScheme
Which scheme is operated through NABARD? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Gramin Bhandaran Yojana
  2. PM-KISAN
  3. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
  4. PMFME
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Gramin Bhandaran Yojana (rural godowns).

Analysis: NABARD channels the capital subsidy, now under AMI (ISAM).

Q30Credit guaranteeStatic
Which credit facility is NOT covered under the Credit Guarantee Fund for Micro Units (CGFMU)? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Micro loans up to ₹10 lakh for manufacturing and services
  2. Micro loans up to ₹10 lakh to JLGs
  3. Short-term loans up to ₹3 lakh for farmers
  4. SHG loans
  5. PMJDY overdraft of ₹10,000
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Short-term crop loans for farmers.

Analysis: CGFMU covers MUDRA-type micro-enterprise loans, SHG/JLG loans and PMJDY overdrafts, not agricultural crop loans.

Q31Fisheries schemeScheme
Which benefits are provided under PMMSY? 1. Ornamental fish cultivation 2. Purchase of land 3. New rearing and grow-out ponds 4. Fish retail markets [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 1, 3 and 4
  2. 1, 2 and 3
  3. 2, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2 and 4
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) 1, 3 and 4.

Analysis: Land purchase is not an eligible cost under PMMSY.

Q32Food safetyStatic
FSSAI is under the administrative control of which ministry? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. Commerce and Industry
  2. Agriculture
  3. Health and Family Welfare
  4. Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
  5. Education
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Q33MSMEStatic
Under the Public Procurement Policy for MSEs, what is the annual procurement target from SC/ST-owned MSEs? [NABARD ESI 2023]
  1. 10%
  2. 20%
  3. 8%
  4. 15%
  5. 4%
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) 4%.

Analysis: This is part of the 25% overall MSE target. Women-owned MSEs have a 3% target.

Revise with it:

  • National SC-ST Hub

NABARD 2023 Phase 1 ARD Questions with Answers (37)

A broad static paper: animal physiology and breeds, soil–water relations (field capacity, gravitational water), seed science (roguing, dormancy, breeder → foundation), horticulture (anthracnose, black tip, hardening), conservation structures and poultry. It also had a few scheme and pricing items (e-NAM, MSP, FRP, ACABC, Amrit Dharohar).

Q1Animal husbandryStatic
What is the gestation period of swine? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. 109 days
  2. 132 days
  3. 100 days
  4. 89 days
  5. 115 days
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) About 114–115 days.

Analysis: A common mnemonic is “3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days”. Compare cattle (about 283 days), buffalo (about 310), sheep and goat (about 150).

Q2Organic farmingStatic
Which body deals with accrediting certification bodies, organic production standards and promotion of organic farming? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. APEDA
  2. FSSAI
  3. NABCB
  4. FCI
  5. FSMS
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) APEDA (secretariat of the National Programme for Organic Production).

Revise with it:

  • NPOP vs PGS-India
Q3Agricultural marketingScheme
What was the budgetary allocation for e-NAM at launch? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. ₹100 crore
  2. ₹55 crore
  3. ₹200 crore
  4. ₹250 crore
  5. ₹120 crore
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) ₹200 crore.

Revise with it:

  • e-NAM mandis and integration
Q4ForestryStatic
Forestry in areas devoid of tree growth, to increase tree cover, is called: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Mixed forestry
  2. Extension forestry
  3. Shelterbelts
  4. Recreation forestry
  5. Linear strip plantations
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Extension forestry.

Analysis: Extension forestry includes mixed forestry, shelterbelts and linear strip plantations.

Q5Agro-meteorologyStatic
The outermost layer of the atmosphere, from which molecules escape into space and where satellites orbit, is the: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Mesosphere
  2. Thermosphere
  3. Stratosphere
  4. Exosphere
  5. Troposphere
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Exosphere.

Q6AgronomyStatic
Scientific name of cowpea: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Pisum sativum
  2. Vigna unguiculata
  3. Momordica charantia
  4. Allium sativum
  5. Solanum melongena
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Vigna unguiculata.

Q7Soil conservationStatic
Which technique stops runoff collecting on slopes and causing severe erosion? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Terracing
  2. Contour bunding
  3. Conservation tillage
  4. Strip cropping
  5. Crop rotation
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Terracing.

Q8Soil scienceStatic
Which soil has low water-retention capacity? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Sandy
  2. Loamy
  3. Sandy loam
  4. Clayey
  5. Silty
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Sandy soil.

Q9HorticultureStatic
Cultivation of trees for their aesthetic or recreational value is called: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Olericulture
  2. Agro-silvopastoral systems
  3. Horticulture
  4. Silvopastoral systems
  5. Arboriculture
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Arboriculture.

Q10FisheriesStatic
The fastest-growing fish for farming in India is: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Catla
  2. Rohu
  3. Mrigal
  4. Kalbasu
  5. Swordfish
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Catla.

Analysis: Catla is a surface feeder, rohu a column feeder and mrigal a bottom feeder.

Q11Agricultural pricingDynamic
MSP of wheat for 2023-24 (RMS) was: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. ₹1,015
  2. ₹2,125
  3. ₹2,010
  4. ₹2,360
  5. ₹1,890
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) ₹2,125 per quintal.

Q12Animal physiologyStatic
Which hormone produced by the corpus luteum favours embryo implantation? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. hCG
  2. Progesterone
  3. Oxytocin
  4. Oestrogen
  5. Testosterone
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Progesterone.

Q13CropsStatic
Which of these is NOT a millet? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Jowar
  2. Ragi
  3. Bajra
  4. Corn
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Corn (maize).

Q14Agricultural pricingStatic
The price sugar mills must pay sugarcane farmers, introduced in 2009, is: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. FRP
  2. SPP
  3. MSP
  4. CPP
  5. SAP
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) FRP (Fair and Remunerative Price).

Q15Crop insuranceScheme
PMFBY crop insurance is available for: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Food crops
  2. Horticultural crops
  3. Oilseeds
  4. Rabi crops
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Q16Post-harvestStatic
___ is the removal of field heat after harvest. [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Pre-cooling
  2. Heating
  3. Waxing
  4. Ripening
  5. Grading
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Pre-cooling.

Q17Seed productionStatic
Roguing means: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Improving soil fertility
  2. Treating plants with biofertilisers
  3. Removing off-type plants
  4. Introducing new varieties
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Removing off-type plants.

Q18Soil–water relationsStatic
What is the soil suction at field capacity? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. −0.33 bar
  2. −60 bar
  3. −15 bar
  4. −45 bar
  5. −30 bar
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) −0.33 bar (about −1/3 bar).

Analysis: The permanent wilting point is about −15 bar.

Q19Animal husbandryStatic
Which cattle breed is a good milk yielder with long pendulous ears? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Amritmahal
  2. Tharparkar
  3. Gir
  4. Hariana
  5. Bhadawari
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Gir.

Analysis: Gir comes from Gujarat. Bhadawari is a buffalo breed.

Q20AgronomyStatic
What is the objective of puddling in paddy? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Ease of transplanting
  2. Higher Fe and P availability
  3. Longer crop duration
  4. Less weeds
  5. Water retention by reducing percolation losses
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Reducing percolation losses.

Analysis: Puddling also helps weed control and transplanting, but reducing percolation is its primary aim.

Q21Soil fertilityStatic
Phosphorus content is highest in which mineral? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Sodium nitrate
  2. Organic matter
  3. Mica
  4. Apatite
  5. Carnallite
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Apatite (rock phosphate).

Analysis: Carnallite is a potassium mineral.

Q22Animal healthStatic
Mixing medicine in water and giving it orally to animals is called: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Irrigation
  2. Suspension
  3. Fertigation
  4. Solution
  5. Drenching
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Drenching.

Q23Nursery managementStatic
___ is gradually exposing seedlings to outdoor conditions. [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Hardening
  2. Thinning
  3. Tilling
  4. Sowing
  5. Transplanting
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Hardening.

Q24Food safetyStatic
Which ministry is responsible for food safety and standards? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Home Affairs
  2. Agriculture
  3. Women and Child Development
  4. Health and Family Welfare
  5. Food Processing Industries
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Health and Family Welfare.

Q25Agricultural revolutionsStatic
The Grey Revolution is related to: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Fertilisers
  2. Oilseeds
  3. Milk
  4. Fish
  5. Petroleum
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Fertilisers.

Q26Farm machineryStatic
Which part reduces friction between moving parts of a machine? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Iron dust
  2. Sand
  3. Ball bearing
  4. Spool holder
  5. Gears
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Ball bearing.

Q27Seed scienceStatic
Foundation seed is produced from: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Nucleus seed
  2. Breeder seed
  3. Registered seed
  4. Certified seed
  5. Truthfully labelled seed
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Breeder seed.

Analysis: This was asked again in 2024 Phase I.

Q28Seed scienceStatic
Which method is NOT used to break seed dormancy? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Leaching inhibitors
  2. Scarification
  3. Auxin and abscisic acid
  4. Stratification
  5. Impaction
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Auxin and abscisic acid.

Analysis: ABA induces dormancy; gibberellins are used to break it.

Q29Soil–water relationsStatic
Water that percolates downward under gravity to the water table is: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Capillary water
  2. Field capacity
  3. Hygroscopic water
  4. Gravitational water
  5. Permanent wilting point
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Gravitational water.

Q30Plant protectionStatic
Which mango disease starts as black spots that coalesce and cover the whole fruit? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Anthracnose
  2. Powdery mildew
  3. Malformation
  4. Sooty mould
  5. Die back
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Anthracnose.

Q31Agricultural exportsStatic
Which products are exported under APEDA? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Floriculture
  2. Bakery products
  3. Cocoa products
  4. Pickles
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Q32Extension / ACABCScheme
What is the project ceiling for an individual project under the ACABC scheme? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. ₹10 lakh
  2. ₹5 lakh
  3. ₹20 lakh
  4. ₹8 lakh
  5. ₹22 lakh
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) ₹20 lakh.

Analysis: Group projects can go up to ₹100 lakh. The ACABC scheme also appeared as a 2024 Phase II passage.

Q33Soil conservationStatic
A series of platforms along contours separated by vertical drops is: [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Bench terracing
  2. Contour bunding
  3. Zing terracing
  4. Khadins
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Bench terracing.

Q34PoultryStatic
What is the incubation period of chicken eggs? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. 21 days
  2. 15 days
  3. 50 days
  4. 42 days
  5. 80 days
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) 21 days.

Analysis: Duck eggs take 28 days and quail eggs about 17–18 days.

Q35IrrigationStatic
Which surface irrigation divides fields into strips separated by border ridges along the slope? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Furrow
  2. Centre pivot
  3. Sprinkler
  4. Border strip
  5. Localised
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Border-strip irrigation.

Q36EnvironmentScheme
What is the objective of Amrit Dharohar? [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Species and habitat conservation
  2. Local income generation
  3. Wetland livelihoods and wetland carbon
  4. Eco-tourism
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: This scheme appeared in both the 2023 ARD and ESI papers.

Q37HorticultureStatic
Identify the mango disorder seen near brick kilns, starting at the marble stage with yellowing at the distal end that turns brown and then black. [NABARD ARD 2023]
  1. Biennial bearing
  2. Malformation
  3. Clustering
  4. Spongy tissue
  5. Black tip
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Black tip.

Analysis: It is caused by brick-kiln fumes (sulphur dioxide) and controlled with a borax spray.

NABARD 2023 Phase 2 ESI & ARD Objective Questions (29)

PACS computerisation alone produced four questions, MGNREGA four, and the Sickle Cell Mission four. Never prepare a major current-affairs topic from a single fact.

Q1Cooperative creditCurrent
Passage: To strengthen PACS, computerisation of 63,000 functional PACS with an outlay of ₹2,516 crore was approved, bringing them onto ERP-based common national software linked to NABARD through StCBs and DCCBs. GoI, state and NABARD shares are ₹1,528 crore, ₹736 crore and ₹252 crore respectively.
What does PACS stand for? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Primary Agriculture and Cooperative Society
  2. Primary Agricultural Credit Society
  3. Provisional Agriculture Cooperative Society
  4. Primitive Agriculture Cooperative Society
  5. Primitive Agriculture Credit Society
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Primary Agricultural Credit Society.

Analysis: One development, PACS computerisation, produced four questions. Prepare major current topics as background → objective → outlay → duration → agency → beneficiaries → progress.

Revise with it:

  • Ministry of Cooperation
  • Model bye-laws
Q2CooperativesCurrent
The national committee to formulate the New Cooperation Policy was chaired by: [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Arjun Munda
  2. Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu
  3. Amit Shah
  4. Ashwini Vaishnaw
  5. Narayan Rane
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Suresh Prabhu.

Analysis: It was a 48-member committee, with VAMNICOM Pune as secretariat. The National Cooperation Policy 2025 followed.

Q3Cooperative creditScheme
The PACS computerisation project approved on 29 June 2022 runs for: [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. 2 years
  2. 3 years
  3. 4 years
  4. 5 years
  5. 6 years
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) 5 years (2022-23 to 2026-27).

Q4Cooperative creditScheme
Which is the implementing agency for PACS computerisation? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. IFFCO
  2. RBI
  3. NABARD
  4. NCDC
  5. FCI
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) NABARD.

Analysis: The project is funded by the Ministry of Cooperation, with NABARD as the implementing agency.

Q5Agronomy / mechanisationStatic
______ is the initial soil manipulation after the last harvest, breaking and loosening soil to a significant depth. [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Primary tillage
  2. Secondary tillage
  3. Zero tillage
  4. Conservation tillage
  5. Blind tillage
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Primary tillage.

Analysis: Primary tillage uses ploughs; secondary tillage (harrowing, levelling) follows.

Q6Farm machineryStatic
Which equipment is used for puddling in paddy? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Scraper
  2. Disc plough
  3. Harrow
  4. Puddler
  5. Mould-board plough
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) Puddler.

Q7AgronomyStatic
What are the objectives of tillage (puddling) in rice? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Weed control
  2. Improved root anchoring
  3. Seedbed preparation
  4. Soil and water conservation
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) All of the above.

Analysis: Puddling also reduces percolation losses by forming a hard pan.

Q8Crops / currentCurrent
Which centre has been declared the Global Centre of Excellence for Millets (Shree Anna)? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. IARI
  2. ICAR-IIWBR
  3. ICAR-IIMR
  4. ICAR-CCRI
  5. ICAR-NRRI
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad.

Analysis: This was announced in Union Budget 2023-24.

Q9Soil scienceStatic
What are the EC and pH of saline soil? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. EC > 4 dS/m, pH < 8.5
  2. EC < 4, pH 8.5
  3. EC > 4, pH > 7.8
  4. EC < 4, pH > 8.5
  5. EC > 4, pH > 8.5
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) EC > 4 dS/m and pH < 8.5.

Analysis: Sodic soils have EC < 4, pH > 8.5 and ESP > 15; saline-sodic soils have EC > 4 and ESP > 15. Option (d) describes sodic soil and (e) saline-sodic.

Revise with it:

  • Gypsum for sodic soils
  • Leaching for saline soils
Q10Soil scienceStatic
______ is the process leading to an excessive increase of water-soluble salts (mainly NaCl and Na₂SO₄) in the soil. [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Salinisation
  2. Solodisation
  3. Humification
  4. Mineralisation
  5. Ammonification
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Salinisation.

Q11FertilisersStatic
Which is a complex fertiliser? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. DAP
  2. SSP
  3. Urea
  4. MOP
  5. All of the above
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) DAP.

Analysis: Complex fertilisers contain two or more primary nutrients in chemical combination. DAP is 18-46-0, while urea, SSP and MOP are straight fertilisers.

Revise with it:

  • Straight, complex and mixed fertilisers
Q12Animal husbandryStatic
Balangir is a breed of: [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Camel
  2. Goat
  3. Cattle
  4. Buffalo
  5. Sheep
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (e) Sheep (Odisha).

Revise with it:

  • Sheep breeds by state
Q13Cropping systemsStatic
In which type of intercropping is the second crop sown before the first is harvested? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Mixed
  2. Multistorey
  3. Relay
  4. Alley cropping
  5. Strip cropping
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Relay intercropping.

Analysis: An example is wheat relay-sown into standing cotton.

Q14HorticultureCurrent
Which programme was announced in Union Budget 2023-24 with ₹2,200 crore to boost quality planting material for high-value horticulture? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. National Agricultural Development Scheme
  2. Green Revolution Horticulture Initiative
  3. Horticulture Clean Plant Programme
  4. Integrated Crop Management Programme
  5. Sustainable Horticulture Enhancement Project
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Horticulture Clean Plant Programme.

Analysis: It provides disease-free planting material. Pattern: a Budget announcement becomes a horticulture question.

Q15Agricultural extensionStatic
Which committee recommended setting up Krishi Vigyan Kendras? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Ashok Mehta
  2. R.N. Tagore
  3. Mohan Singh Mehta
  4. M.S. Swaminathan
  5. Balwant Rai Mehta
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) Mohan Singh Mehta Committee (1973).

Analysis: The first KVK was set up in Puducherry in 1974 under TNAU.

Q16FisheriesStatic
In which culture system is more than one type of fish cultivated? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. Mixed culture
  2. Polyculture
  3. Ornamental culture
  4. Monoculture
  5. Biofloc culture
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Polyculture.

Analysis: Indian composite fish culture combines catla, rohu and mrigal with exotic carps.

Q17Fisheries schemeScheme
Which Central Sector sub-scheme under PMMSY (Budget 2023-24) supports fisheries micro and small enterprises with over ₹6,000 crore over four years? [NABARD Phase 2 ARD 2023]
  1. PM Matsya Sahkar Yojana
  2. PM Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana
  3. PM Sahakar Samridhi Yojana
  4. PM Matsya Sampradaya Yojana
  5. PM Matsya Rojgar Suvidha Yojana
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) PM-MKSSY.

Analysis: It covers FY 2023-24 to 2026-27 and includes a National Fisheries Digital Platform for 40 lakh enterprises.

Q18MGNREGAScheme
How many days of wage employment does MGNREGS provide to ST households in forest areas? [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 95
  2. 120
  3. 125
  4. 150
  5. 175
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) 150 days.

Analysis: These are ST households holding FRA land rights with no other private property: 100 + 50 days.

Revise with it:

  • Section 3(4)
Q19MGNREGAScheme
Under MGNREGS, an additional 50 days beyond 100 are provided in areas affected by: [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. Floods
  2. Drought / natural calamity
  3. Fire hazard
  4. Arsenic contamination
  5. Famine
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) Drought or natural calamity (as notified).

Q20MGNREGAScheme
If work is not given within 15 days, the unemployment allowance is at least ___ of the wage rate for the first 30 days and ___ thereafter. [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. Half, one-fourth
  2. Half, half
  3. One-fourth, half
  4. One-third, one-fourth
  5. One-fourth, one-fourth
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) One-fourth, then one-half.

Analysis: This is set by Section 7 of the Act. Option (a) reverses the order to catch careless readers.

Q21MGNREGAScheme
Which event is held at every ward and Gram Panchayat at least once a month to raise awareness of rural employment? [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. Gram Rozgar Diwas
  2. Gram Sahyog Diwas
  3. Gram Saarthi Diwas
  4. Gram Chaupal Diwas
  5. Gram Sahayak Diwas
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) Gram Rozgar Diwas.

Analysis: It is used for demand registration and grievance redress.

Q22HealthScheme
Passage: On 1 July 2023, the PM launched the ______ Mission in Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh, distributing sickle cell genetic status cards, aiming to eliminate sickle cell disease as a public health problem by 2047.
Identify the programme. [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. National Sickle Cell Deficiency Improvement Mission
  2. National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission
  3. National Strategy for Elimination of Sickle Cell
  4. National Inclusive Mission for Sickle Cell Anaemia
  5. National Genetic Disease Prevention Mission for Tribals
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission.

Q23HealthScheme
Which measures are part of the mission? 1. Strengthening screening and testing 2. Awareness and pre-marital genetic counselling 3. Strengthening laboratory diagnosis [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3.

Analysis: Its three pillars are health promotion, prevention through universal screening, and holistic management.

Q24HealthScheme
Which statements are correct? 1. People aged 0–18 are eligible 2. It will incrementally cover everyone up to 45 years under NHM 3. It aims to screen and counsel 7 crore people in three and a half years [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3
  5. All
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) 1 and 3.

Analysis: Statement 2 is wrong: coverage expands incrementally up to 40 years, not 45.

Q25HealthScheme
The mission aims to eliminate sickle cell anaemia by: [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 2030
  2. 2035
  3. 2045
  4. 2047
  5. 2050
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) 2047.

Q26Rural livelihoodsScheme
Who is eligible under PM Vishwakarma? 1. A traditional wood/rubber artisan 2. A wooden toy maker 3. A woman tailor whose husband is a government servant [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 3
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 2
  4. 1, 2 and 3
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (c) 1 and 2.

Analysis: The scheme covers 18 family-based trades, including carpenter and toy maker. Families with a member in government service are excluded, so person 3 is not eligible.

Revise with it:

  • Loans of ₹1 lakh + ₹2 lakh at 5%
  • Toolkit incentive ₹15,000
Q27Social justiceScheme
Who can apply under the National Overseas Scholarship for SCs (a SHREYAS sub-scheme)? 1. A person wanting to do a PhD in London 2. An undergraduate with family income of ₹7.5 lakh 3. A person pursuing a master’s in science [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. 1 and 3
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 2
  4. 1, 2 and 3
  5. None
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (a) 1 and 3.

Analysis: The scholarship is for master’s and PhD study abroad, with a family income ceiling of ₹8 lakh. Undergraduate study is not covered.

Q28Land recordsScheme
Which scheme provides a “Record of Rights” (property cards) to village households in inhabited (abadi) areas? [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. SWAWALAMBAN
  2. SVAMITVA
  3. SMILE
  4. PMAY-G
  5. DAY-NRLM
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (b) SVAMITVA.

Analysis: It uses drone surveys and was launched on 24 April 2021. It was asked again as a 2024 descriptive question.

Revise with it:

  • ULPIN
  • DILRMP
Q29Urban livelihoodsScheme
Which scheme provides financial support to street vendors to resume their livelihoods? [NABARD Phase 2 ESI 2023]
  1. Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana
  2. PM Swarojgar Yojana
  3. Stand-Up India
  4. PM SVANidhi
  5. Sashakt Bharat Mission
Show answer & analysis

Answer: (d) PM SVANidhi.

Analysis: It offers collateral-free working-capital loans of ₹10,000, then ₹20,000, then ₹50,000.

NABARD 2023 Phase 2 descriptive questions (English, ESI & ARD)

NABARD 2023 Phase 2 ESI & ARD descriptive questions

PaperMarksQuestionWhat the answer needs
ARD15 (compulsory)What is extension education? List 12 extension education methods and discuss the benefits of extension education in agriculture. (3+6+3)Three marked parts: definition (3) → 12 methods (6) → benefits (3). A general essay loses marks.
ESI15 (choice)What do you mean by demographic dividend? How can India leverage its demography to become a developed economy? OR Explain financial inclusion in the context of the RBI Financial Inclusion Index, and the impact of monetary policy on financial inclusion.Define → window → enablers (skills, health, female LFPR) → risks → way forward.
ARD10 (compulsory)Institutional credit has increased, yet many farmers depend on moneylenders. Discuss the reasons.Collateral, documentation, timeliness, tenancy, consumption credit → solutions.
ARD10 (choice)What is agroforestry? Write its features, and discuss its benefits and constraints (4+6). OR Briefly explain five problems in agricultural marketing in India.Definition → systems → benefits → constraints → National Agroforestry Policy 2014.

How to write these answers: answer writing strategy and essay writing strategy.

More NABARD previous year questions

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