Context:
The Assam Forest Department, in collaboration with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), has begun DNA analysis of 2,573 rhino horn samples retained before their destruction in 2021.
Objective:
To build the Rhino DNA Index System (RhoDIS) – a forensic database to aid in conservation, individual identification, and anti-poaching enforcement.
About Rhino Horns
- Composition: Made of keratin, not bone (same protein as hair and nails).
- Structure:
- Solid and layered, unlike antlers (which are bony and shed annually).
- Contains melanin and calcium to enhance UV resistance and toughness.
- Forensic Use: Unique keratin patterns help with genetic fingerprinting in wildlife crime investigations.
- Poaching Threat: Targeted due to false medicinal beliefs and high black-market demand.
About Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Indian Rhino)
- Scientific Name: Rhinoceros unicornis
- Status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List)
- Geographic Range:
- India: Assam (Kaziranga, Orang, Pobitora), West Bengal (Jaldapara, Gorumara)
- Nepal: Chitwan National Park
Significance of RhoDIS (Rhino DNA Index System)
- Purpose: Provides individual DNA profiles of rhinos using horn samples.
- Benefits:
- Strengthens anti-poaching law enforcement.
- Enhances genetic monitoring and population management.
- Supports international cooperation under CITES and other treaties.
