Source: IE
Context:
Prime Minister and Home Minister paid tribute to Bhagwan Birsa Munda on his 150th birth anniversary, celebrated nationwide as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas. The day honours his contributions to tribal rights, freedom struggle, and cultural identity.
Who Was Birsa Munda?
- Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a legendary tribal freedom fighter, social reformer, and spiritual leader of the Munda tribe.
- Revered as “Bhagwan” and “Dharti Aaba” (Father of the Earth).
- Symbol of tribal resistance against British rule and exploitation.
Birth & Early Life
- Born in Ulihatu village, present-day Khunti district, Jharkhand.
- Grew up in the Chhotanagpur Plateau region.
- Lived in Chalkad and Kurumbda, and studied in Salga and Chaibasa.
- Originally named Daud Munda after his family briefly converted to Christianity.
What Was Ulgulan?
- The Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan = “Great Tumult”) led by Birsa Munda (1890s).
- A movement against:
- British land policies
- Land alienation
- Forced labour (begar)
- Exploitation by thikadars and moneylenders
- Missionary interference in tribal customs
Major Contributions
- Defended Mundari Khuntkatti (traditional land ownership system).
- Mobilised Munda, Oraon, and Kharia tribes for self-rule and land rights.
- Coined the famous slogan:
“Abua Raj setar jana, Maharani Raj tundu jana”
(End British rule, establish our own rule) - Practised guerrilla warfare against British police stations, churches, and colonial offices.
Social & Religious Reforms
- Fought against alcoholism, superstitions, and social evils.
- Emphasised cleanliness, discipline, and cultural identity.
- Founded the Birsait sect — blending spirituality with social reform.
Unique Facts About Birsa Munda
- A talented musician who played flute and tuila.
- Actively involved in village akhra (community dance gatherings).
- Arrested and died at just 25 years in Ranchi Jail (1900).
