Context:
NITI Aayog has proposed reforms to coastal regulation and green cover requirements to unlock land for economic activities while balancing environmental concerns.
Key Proposals:
- Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Adjustment:
- Current CRZ limit: 500 meters from the high-tide line.
- Proposed reduction: 200 meters, aligning with global norms.
- Objective: Unlock 2,790 sq km of coastal land for tourism, infrastructure, and other economic activities.
- Green Cover Norms for Industrial Zones:
- Existing requirement: 33% green cover.
- Proposal: Reduce to 10%, similar to Taiwan, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
- Exception: Polluting industries must maintain up to 25% green cover based on a graded index.
Concerns & Risks:
- Climate and Environmental Vulnerability:
- Coastal erosion, cyclones, and extreme rainfall events (IPCC assessments) increase risk for low-lying and densely populated cities.
- 113 Indian coastal cities are at risk of submergence.
- A one-size-fits-all approach is impractical due to India’s 11,000+ km coastline and varied geomorphology.
- Carbon Sequestration & Emissions:
- Industrial expansion will increase emissions.
- Existing higher green cover norms (33-40%) act as natural carbon sinks.
- Simply adopting lower norms of other countries may not suit India’s distinct emissions profile.
Way Forward:
- India needs customised, sustainable regulations that allow industrial growth while mitigating ecological and climate risks.
- Policies must strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection, ensuring long-term resilience.
