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Context:
Parakram Diwas–2026 being organised in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to mark the 129th Birth Anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Who was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose?
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was a revolutionary nationalist leader who championed complete independence (Purna Swaraj) through assertive and military means, offering a decisive ideological alternative to the predominantly non-violent strategy of India’s freedom movement.
Early Life
- Born: 23 January 1897, Cuttack (Odisha)
- Educated at:
- Presidency College
- Scottish Church College
- Cleared the Indian Civil Services (ICS) Examination (1920) in England.
- Resigned from ICS to dedicate himself fully to the national movement.
Role in the Freedom Movement
1. Radical Congress Leadership
- Elected Congress President:
- 1938 (Haripura)
- 1939 (Tripuri)
- Represented the Left-wing, militant nationalist current within the INC.
2. Demand for Purna Swaraj
- Rejected dominion status and constitutional gradualism.
- Advocated immediate independence, especially during Britain’s wartime vulnerability.
3. Socialist Economic Vision
- Founded the National Planning Committee (1938).
- Supported:
- State-led industrialisation
- Scientific planning
- Economic self-reliance
4. Ideological Challenge within INC
- Resigned after the Tripuri crisis, exposing deep tensions between:
- Gandhian non-violence
- Bose’s militant political realism
5. Forward Bloc
- Founded the Forward Bloc (1939).
- Mobilised youth, workers, and leftists under a radical nationalist platform.
