Source: TH
Context:
India’s foreign policy priorities are being tested at the upcoming ASEAN Summit (October 26–28, 2025, Kuala Lumpur) and the associated East Asia Summit (EAS). Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to attend, with key leaders from the Quad (U.S., Japan, Australia) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) either present or observing.
About ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental organization promoting economic growth, political stability, and regional cooperation among Southeast Asian nations.
- Founded:
- 8 August 1967 (Bangkok Declaration)
- Headquarters:
- Jakarta, Indonesia
Member Countries (10):
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Brunei Darussalam
- Vietnam
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Cambodia
Key Frameworks:
- ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) – tariff reduction and trade promotion.
- ASEAN Connectivity 2025 – physical and digital integration.
- ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AOIP) – supports a rules-based, inclusive Indo-Pacific, aligning with India’s Act East Policy.
India–ASEAN Relations:
- India became a Sectoral Dialogue Partner (1992), Full Dialogue Partner (1996), and Strategic Partner (2012).
- Key cooperation areas: trade, connectivity (India–Myanmar–Thailand Highway), digital innovation, maritime security, and education.
About Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)
An informal strategic grouping among India, the United States, Japan, and Australia, aimed at ensuring a free, open, inclusive, and rules-based Indo-Pacific region.
- Formed:
- Initially in 2007, revived in 2017 amid rising regional tensions and China’s assertiveness.
Member Countries (4):
- India
- United States
- Japan
- Australia
Key Areas of Cooperation:
- Maritime security and freedom of navigation.
- Emerging technologies – AI, semiconductors, critical minerals.
- Climate action and renewable energy partnerships.
- Health cooperation and pandemic preparedness (Vaccine Partnership).
- Infrastructure investment and resilient supply chains.
About BRICS
A grouping of major emerging economies advocating for multipolar global governance, financial reform, and South–South cooperation.
- Founded:
- 2009 (as BRIC); South Africa joined in 2010, forming BRICS.
Member Countries (5):
- Brazil
- Russia
- India
- China
- South Africa
Key Institutions:
- New Development Bank (NDB) – headquartered in Shanghai.
- Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) – to ensure financial stability.
