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Why in News?
For the first time, the Economic Survey 2025–26 has cited the Power Gap Index, highlighting a strategic paradox: although India has entered the Major Power category globally, it still records a negative Power Gap score (-4.0), indicating unrealised strategic potential.
What is the Power Gap Index?
- The Power Gap Index measures a country’s Power Efficiency—its ability to convert material resources into real geopolitical influence.
- It is a secondary analytical tool derived from the Asia Power Index.
Interpretation
- Positive score:
- Overperformer / Smart power (effective conversion of resources into influence)
- Negative score:
- Underperformer / Unrealised potential
It challenges the assumption that economic size or military strength automatically equals influence.
Developed By
- Lowy Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Part of the Asia Power Index project (launched in 2018)
Methodology & Criteria
How is the Power Gap Calculated?
- Power Gap = Comprehensive Power – Expected Power
- Expected Power is estimated based on a country’s resource base.
Eight Thematic Measures (131 Indicators)
A. Resource-Based Measures (What a country HAS)
- Economic Capability – GDP, technology, connectivity
- Military Capability – Defence spending, force strength, weapon systems
- Resilience – Energy security, internal stability, nuclear deterrence
- Future Resources – Demographics and economic outlook (to 2035)
B. Influence-Based Measures (What a country DOES)
- Economic Relationships – Trade networks, investment leverage
- Defence Networks – Alliances, partnerships, arms transfers
- Diplomatic Influence – Global standing, diplomatic reach
- Cultural Influence – Soft power and opinion shaping
India’s Ranking: 2025–26 Scorecard
| Indicator | India’s Status | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Asia Power Index Rank | Top 3 | 3rd |
| Comprehensive Power Score | 40.0 / 100 | 3rd (after US & China) |
| Category | Major Power | First time |
| Power Gap Score | –4.0 | Lowest in Asia (excluding Russia & N. Korea) |
