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Context:
Recent reports indicate a rise in seasonal influenza cases in the Delhi-NCR region. Predominant strains this season: Influenza A and Influenza B.
Influenza
- Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses.
- Often confused with the common cold, but differs in:
- Severity and viral cause
- Symptoms: sudden cough, sore throat, high fever, muscle pain, body aches, headaches, fatigue, stuffy nose
- Can range from mild to severe illness, sometimes leading to hospitalisation or death if treatment is delayed.
Seasonality in India
- Two peaks of seasonal influenza in India
- January to March
- August to October (during the latter part of the southwest monsoon)
Surveillance and Preparedness
- India has near real-time surveillance of:
- Influenza-like illness (ILI)
- Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI)
- Surveillance was further strengthened post COVID-19.
- A nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories supports this system.
- Surveillance helps track circulating strains and align vaccination efforts accordingly.
Key Public Health Challenge
- Governments must not only monitor but anticipate outbreaks and focus on preparedness.
- Priority attention needed for high-risk groups:
- Children
- Senior citizens
- People with chronic respiratory conditions
Vaccination
- Adult vaccination for influenza remains under-prioritised.
- Currently dependent on State governments for rollout and funding.
- Children’s vaccination is more widely accepted and supported.
- There is a need for targeted, impactful awareness campaigns, especially among high-risk groups.