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Context:
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 report, published in The Lancet and launched at the World Health Summit, Berlin, highlights a global shift in causes of mortality and morbidity, with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) now accounting for nearly two-thirds of global deaths and illnesses.
In India, this trend mirrors the global pattern: deaths are increasingly caused by NCDs rather than infectious diseases.
Key Highlights:
- Global Context:
- Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for nearly two-thirds of global mortality and morbidity.
- Leading NCDs include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
- India-Specific Findings:
- Shift in Mortality Patterns:
- 1990: Diarrhoeal diseases were the leading cause of death (ASMR: 300.53 per lakh).
- 2023: NCDs dominate:
- Ischaemic heart disease – ASMR 127.82 per lakh (1st)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – ASMR 99.25 per lakh (2nd)
- Stroke – ASMR 92.88 per lakh (3rd)
- Covid-19 fell to 20th position in 2023.
- All-cause ASMR: Dropped from 1,513.05 per lakh in 1990 to 871.09 per lakh in 2023, showing improvement in overall mortality.
- Shift in Mortality Patterns:
- Life Expectancy Trends (1990–2023):
- Overall: 58.46 → 71.56 years (+13 years)
- Males: 58.12 → 70.24 years
- Females: 58.91 → 72.96 years
- Despite NCD prevalence, life expectancy has significantly increased.
- Drivers of Health Transition:
- Urbanisation, delayed industrialisation, and globalisation led to lifestyle changes, increasing NCD risk.
- Emphasis is shifting to healthy ageing and NCD prevention.
