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Decline in TB Incidence and Mortality
- TB incidence in India fell below 200 per lakh population in 2022, compared to 237 per lakh in 2015, marking a 16% decline.
- TB mortality rate in 2022 was 23 per lakh population, reflecting an 18% decline compared to 2015.
- (Refer to Chart 1 for incidence trends and Chart 2 for mortality trends.)
Treatment Success Rates by TB Category
- Severely Drug-Resistant TB (resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one second-line injectable drug):
- Treatment success rate: 45% — the lowest among all TB types.
- MDR/RR-TB (Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB):
- Treatment success rate: 74%.
- Pre-XDR-TB (MDR-TB with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones):
- Treatment success rate: 68%.
- Encouragingly, treatment success rates are improving across categories (as shown in Chart 3).
State-Level TB Performance: TB Index
- Top-performing major States in TB control (Map 4):
- Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat.
- Bottom-performing major States:
- Punjab, Bihar, Karnataka.
Catastrophic Health Expenditure in India
- Over 10% of India’s population faces catastrophic health expenditure, defined as spending more than 10% of household income on health costs.
- India ranks third highest in catastrophic health expenditure among 14 lower-middle-income countries with high TB burden.
Health Coverage vs. Out-of-Pocket Costs
- Approximately 60% of India’s population has health coverage, also ranking third-highest among similar economies.
- However, despite better insurance coverage, a large percentage of households still face steep health costs (Chart 5), indicating a gap between insurance penetration and financial protection.