Context:
The West Bengal Forest Department has reported a notable increase in the population of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), highlighting the success of ongoing conservation efforts.
About:
- The largest of 23 extant crocodilian species (includes true crocodiles, alligators, caimans).
- Also called Estuarine Crocodile, commonly found in brackish waters of estuaries.
- Capable of tolerating saltwater, can travel long distances in the open ocean using tidal currents.
Habitat (India & Global):
- In India: Sundarbans, Bhitarkanika National Park (Odisha), Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
- One of three crocodiles native to India, along with Mugger (Crocodylus palustris) and Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus).
Threats:
- Habitat loss, fragmentation, fishing activities, and illegal use of body parts in traditional medicine.
Protection Status:
- IUCN Red List: Least Concern
- CITES: Appendix I (except Australia, Indonesia & Papua New Guinea populations in Appendix II)
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (India): Schedule I
